Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency: Management Protocol
... observation that the corneal epithelial wound heals from the peripheral aspect of the cornea3. Moreover, the basic scientific research such as DNA labelling studies of mouse cornea, have identified a special group of cells in the basal layer of the corneal epithelium that invariably remains quiescen ...
... observation that the corneal epithelial wound heals from the peripheral aspect of the cornea3. Moreover, the basic scientific research such as DNA labelling studies of mouse cornea, have identified a special group of cells in the basal layer of the corneal epithelium that invariably remains quiescen ...
RETINAL PROJECTIONS IN TYROSINASE
... have been test bred. Inbreeding has produced only albino cats. Test breedings with Siamese cats indicate homology for the C locus. Inheritance of this allele is autosomal recessive. All albino cats in this colony have pink eyes, nystagmus, and some form of strabismus. The auditory system of every ca ...
... have been test bred. Inbreeding has produced only albino cats. Test breedings with Siamese cats indicate homology for the C locus. Inheritance of this allele is autosomal recessive. All albino cats in this colony have pink eyes, nystagmus, and some form of strabismus. The auditory system of every ca ...
visual fields
... B. Left hemispatial neglect Hierarchical visual processing occurs along dorsal and ventral processing streams. Parietal visual areas (dorsal processing stream) process visual spatial and visual motor information, as well as support attention to visual stimuli. Cortex of the inferior parietal lobul ...
... B. Left hemispatial neglect Hierarchical visual processing occurs along dorsal and ventral processing streams. Parietal visual areas (dorsal processing stream) process visual spatial and visual motor information, as well as support attention to visual stimuli. Cortex of the inferior parietal lobul ...
the physical limits of grating visibility
... trast sensitivity is higher for interference gratings than for gratings viewed conventionally, A fundamental question is visual science is how but in both situations, the CSF is bandpass with optical and neural factors combine to determine sensitivity falling monotonically from approxivisual perform ...
... trast sensitivity is higher for interference gratings than for gratings viewed conventionally, A fundamental question is visual science is how but in both situations, the CSF is bandpass with optical and neural factors combine to determine sensitivity falling monotonically from approxivisual perform ...
Spectacle prescriptions and determining type of refractive error Note
... cylinder form (ophthalmologists use plus, we can convert them, but optometrists always use negative) 3rd- axis (orientation) of the cylinder. Denoted as x then the number that always has three digits. To determine power of the two principal meridians: 1st number is the principle meridian 1 2 ...
... cylinder form (ophthalmologists use plus, we can convert them, but optometrists always use negative) 3rd- axis (orientation) of the cylinder. Denoted as x then the number that always has three digits. To determine power of the two principal meridians: 1st number is the principle meridian 1 2 ...
Antisense-Oligonucleotides Targeting Tumor Necrosis
... reach the overlying vitreous body, where inflammatory cells group around it. The necrotizing retina is mostly sharply demarcated adjacent to the intact retina. In the marginal areas, intranuclear inclusions can be noted histologically, and by electron microscopy, virus particles can be detected in t ...
... reach the overlying vitreous body, where inflammatory cells group around it. The necrotizing retina is mostly sharply demarcated adjacent to the intact retina. In the marginal areas, intranuclear inclusions can be noted histologically, and by electron microscopy, virus particles can be detected in t ...
Mast Cell Stabilizers
... suggests that large amounts of some injected mast cell stabilizers (cromolyn) can cause pregnancy complications as well as a decrease in the weight of the animal fetus. Pregnant women should not use mast cell stabilizers unless specifically instructed to by a physician aware of the pregnancy. Using ...
... suggests that large amounts of some injected mast cell stabilizers (cromolyn) can cause pregnancy complications as well as a decrease in the weight of the animal fetus. Pregnant women should not use mast cell stabilizers unless specifically instructed to by a physician aware of the pregnancy. Using ...
Traumatic Retinal Detachment
... It is defined as the disinsertion of retina from non pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body at the ora serrata. It is most commonly seen in inferotemporal quadrant, accounting for almost 66% of cases, superotemporal in 10% and inferonasal in 4% cases and 6% in more than one quadrant2. Though infer ...
... It is defined as the disinsertion of retina from non pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body at the ora serrata. It is most commonly seen in inferotemporal quadrant, accounting for almost 66% of cases, superotemporal in 10% and inferonasal in 4% cases and 6% in more than one quadrant2. Though infer ...
Volume regulation of non-pigmented cells from ciliary
... cells shrank and showed a volume regulatory increase (not shown). This response was more difficult to measure because of the smaller change in cell width, and we have not as yet studied it in detail. We have used experiments like those of Figures 2 and 3 to perform two different kinds of measurement ...
... cells shrank and showed a volume regulatory increase (not shown). This response was more difficult to measure because of the smaller change in cell width, and we have not as yet studied it in detail. We have used experiments like those of Figures 2 and 3 to perform two different kinds of measurement ...
Chapter 9: The Sensory System
... inner ear. This stimulates the hearing receptors, located on the spiral organ in the cochlea, which send the information to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum. 33. Explain how the senses of taste and smell supplement one another. Ans: They work together to create a combined effect when interpreted by ...
... inner ear. This stimulates the hearing receptors, located on the spiral organ in the cochlea, which send the information to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum. 33. Explain how the senses of taste and smell supplement one another. Ans: They work together to create a combined effect when interpreted by ...
Chapter 9: The Sensory System
... inner ear. This stimulates the hearing receptors, located on the spiral organ in the cochlea, which send the information to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum. 33. Explain how the senses of taste and smell supplement one another. Ans: They work together to create a combined effect when interpreted by ...
... inner ear. This stimulates the hearing receptors, located on the spiral organ in the cochlea, which send the information to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum. 33. Explain how the senses of taste and smell supplement one another. Ans: They work together to create a combined effect when interpreted by ...
Advanced Capabilities of the Multimodal
... With the optical agility to switch easily between two input beam diameters, the multimodal AO system can be used to image both humans and small animals. We have conducted an investigation to correlate differences in retinal layer thickness and measures of function (ERG wave amplitude and latency) in ...
... With the optical agility to switch easily between two input beam diameters, the multimodal AO system can be used to image both humans and small animals. We have conducted an investigation to correlate differences in retinal layer thickness and measures of function (ERG wave amplitude and latency) in ...
Transpalatal approach to the maxillary division
... (Boies, Hilger and Priest, 1964; DeWeese and Saunders, 1964) do not describe this technique. Cushing (1920), in his first paper on trigeminal neuralgia, refers to 'extracranial severance' of the maxillary nerve which is bound to occur with excision of Meckel's ganglion; he considered injection of th ...
... (Boies, Hilger and Priest, 1964; DeWeese and Saunders, 1964) do not describe this technique. Cushing (1920), in his first paper on trigeminal neuralgia, refers to 'extracranial severance' of the maxillary nerve which is bound to occur with excision of Meckel's ganglion; he considered injection of th ...
Aging effects in psychophysical foveal light detection sensitivity
... The relative sparse periods between the first three stages of sensitivity could be explained by the function measured and by the psychophysical paradigm used. Light detection could be considered the simplest perception function. Both the stimulus and the observer task are very basic which means a lo ...
... The relative sparse periods between the first three stages of sensitivity could be explained by the function measured and by the psychophysical paradigm used. Light detection could be considered the simplest perception function. Both the stimulus and the observer task are very basic which means a lo ...
Adenocarcinoma of retinal pigment epithelium
... either early or late in the study, and the tumour in this region appeared darker than on its temporal side. The presence and significance of these regional differences in fluorescein patterns was clarified by histological study, which correlated well with the angiographic results (Table 1). The inab ...
... either early or late in the study, and the tumour in this region appeared darker than on its temporal side. The presence and significance of these regional differences in fluorescein patterns was clarified by histological study, which correlated well with the angiographic results (Table 1). The inab ...
Precision targeting with a tracking adaptive optics scanning laser
... advanced scans to be created (e.g., 4-5-deg macular montage pieced together automatically from single SLO frames). A near-infrared source (830-nm LD or 800-nm SLD with 30-nm bandwidth, Exalos Inc.) is used for SLO illumination and an avalanche photodiode detector (Hamamatsu Inc.) with confocal pinho ...
... advanced scans to be created (e.g., 4-5-deg macular montage pieced together automatically from single SLO frames). A near-infrared source (830-nm LD or 800-nm SLD with 30-nm bandwidth, Exalos Inc.) is used for SLO illumination and an avalanche photodiode detector (Hamamatsu Inc.) with confocal pinho ...
Differential temporal and spatial expression of insulin-like
... a single IGF-I allele in mice results in a reduction in body size; 95% of animals homozygous for the mutation die soon after birth. 3 Animals with a single IGFII allele show a similar reduction in body size and weight; however, knockout of both IGF-II alleles does not result in increased morbidity.4 ...
... a single IGF-I allele in mice results in a reduction in body size; 95% of animals homozygous for the mutation die soon after birth. 3 Animals with a single IGFII allele show a similar reduction in body size and weight; however, knockout of both IGF-II alleles does not result in increased morbidity.4 ...
outline31415
... To understand the importance of the neuro retinal rim in visual function. To appreciate the critical analysis of the neuro retinal rim when assessing the optic disc. To realize the importance of matching the optic disc appearance with visual function. To gain a better understanding of the etiologies ...
... To understand the importance of the neuro retinal rim in visual function. To appreciate the critical analysis of the neuro retinal rim when assessing the optic disc. To realize the importance of matching the optic disc appearance with visual function. To gain a better understanding of the etiologies ...
binocular vision - Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
... The aim of the motor correspondence is to Enlarge the field of view by transforming the field of vision into the field of fixation. Bring back the object of attention on to the fovea and to maintain it. Position the two eyes in such a way that at all the times they are properly aligned. B) Phys ...
... The aim of the motor correspondence is to Enlarge the field of view by transforming the field of vision into the field of fixation. Bring back the object of attention on to the fovea and to maintain it. Position the two eyes in such a way that at all the times they are properly aligned. B) Phys ...
Chapter 16 Special Senses Part 1
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
ayurvedic management of branch retinal vein occlusion with
... The patient had symptomatic relief with significant improvement in visual acuity & color vision. In addition, marked improvement in macular edema was also seen in OCT. However, the pharmacodynamics and pharmacological action of these medicines on the macular area and retinal blood vessels needs furt ...
... The patient had symptomatic relief with significant improvement in visual acuity & color vision. In addition, marked improvement in macular edema was also seen in OCT. However, the pharmacodynamics and pharmacological action of these medicines on the macular area and retinal blood vessels needs furt ...
Therapeutic Window of Retinal Photocoagulation With Green (532-nm) and Yellow (577-nm) Lasers
... be efficacious in the treatment of various retinal vascular diseases,2-6 but it also has several potential advantages over 532-nm wavelength. It is less affected by small-angle scattering in the transparent ocular media7 and provides greater transmittance through some corneal or lenticular opacities ...
... be efficacious in the treatment of various retinal vascular diseases,2-6 but it also has several potential advantages over 532-nm wavelength. It is less affected by small-angle scattering in the transparent ocular media7 and provides greater transmittance through some corneal or lenticular opacities ...
ophthalmoscopy with scleral indentation. He suggested that
... days after starting pilocarpine. The IOP remained low on pilocarpine alone at 12 mmHg after the other medications were discontinued. There was no evidence of angle recession on gonioscopy. Comment Current mangement of hyphaema emphasises the importance of cycloplegia, because of the concurrent anter ...
... days after starting pilocarpine. The IOP remained low on pilocarpine alone at 12 mmHg after the other medications were discontinued. There was no evidence of angle recession on gonioscopy. Comment Current mangement of hyphaema emphasises the importance of cycloplegia, because of the concurrent anter ...
Photoreceptor cell
A photoreceptor cell is a specialized type of neuron found in the retina that is capable of phototransduction. The great biological importance of photoreceptors is that they convert light (visible electromagnetic radiation) into signals that can stimulate biological processes. To be more specific, photoreceptor proteins in the cell absorb photons, triggering a change in the cell's membrane potential.The two classic photoreceptor cells are rods and cones, each contributing information used by the visual system to form a representation of the visual world, sight. The rods are narrower than the cones and distributed differently across the retina, but the chemical process in each that supports phototransduction is similar. A third class of photoreceptor cells was discovered during the 1990s: the photosensitive ganglion cells. These cells do not contribute to sight directly, but are thought to support circadian rhythms and pupillary reflex.There are major functional differences between the rods and cones. Rods are extremely sensitive, and can be triggered by a single photon. At very low light levels, visual experience is based solely on the rod signal. This explains why colors cannot be seen at low light levels: only one type of photoreceptor cell is active.Cones require significantly brighter light (i.e., a larger numbers of photons) in order to produce a signal. In humans, there are three different types of cone cell, distinguished by their pattern of response to different wavelengths of light. Color experience is calculated from these three distinct signals, perhaps via an opponent process. The three types of cone cell respond (roughly) to light of short, medium, and long wavelengths. Note that, due to the principle of univariance, the firing of the cell depends upon only the number of photons absorbed. The different responses of the three types of cone cells are determined by the likelihoods that their respective photoreceptor proteins will absorb photons of different wavelengths. So, for example, an L cone cell contains a photoreceptor protein that more readily absorbs long wavelengths of light (i.e., more ""red""). Light of a shorter wavelength can also produce the same response, but it must be much brighter to do so.The human retina contains about 120 million rod cells and 6 million cone cells. The number and ratio of rods to cones varies among species, dependent on whether an animal is primarily diurnal or nocturnal. Certain owls, such as the tawny owl, have a tremendous number of rods in their retinae. In addition, there are about 2.4 million to 3 million ganglion cells in the human visual system, the axons of these cells form the 2 optic nerves, 1 to 2% of them photosensitive.The pineal and parapineal glands are photoreceptive in non-mammalian vertebrates, but not in mammals. Birds have photoactive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons within the paraventricular organ that respond to light in the absence of input from the eyes or neurotransmitters. Invertebrate photoreceptors in organisms such as insects and molluscs are different in both their morphological organization and their underlying biochemical pathways. Described here are human photoreceptors.