Session 374 Trabecular meshwork and ciliary body
... (300nM), TGFβ-2 (2.5ng/mL) and Y27632 (10µM), and the effect on perfusion pressure at the same flow rates was determined. At the conclusion of the experiment cells were fixed for morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy or used for qPCR and immunocytochemistry to determine gene and p ...
... (300nM), TGFβ-2 (2.5ng/mL) and Y27632 (10µM), and the effect on perfusion pressure at the same flow rates was determined. At the conclusion of the experiment cells were fixed for morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy or used for qPCR and immunocytochemistry to determine gene and p ...
Retinal Vascular Disease
... evidence that GCA is far more common among Caucasians than other races; however, some cases have been reported from China, India, Thailand, Israel, among Arabs, Hispanics (Mexican) and African Americans (Hayreh and Zimmerman, 2003a). These racial differences suggest a genetic predisposition to GCA. ...
... evidence that GCA is far more common among Caucasians than other races; however, some cases have been reported from China, India, Thailand, Israel, among Arabs, Hispanics (Mexican) and African Americans (Hayreh and Zimmerman, 2003a). These racial differences suggest a genetic predisposition to GCA. ...
PDF
... ommatidia, a lateral zone of clustered poorly differentiated cells organized into presumptive ommatidia (Fig. 2B) and a peripheral zone of a multilayered epithelium. A shallow furrow can be recognized peripherally to these regions (Fig. 2A). This pattern suggests that those cells which were organize ...
... ommatidia, a lateral zone of clustered poorly differentiated cells organized into presumptive ommatidia (Fig. 2B) and a peripheral zone of a multilayered epithelium. A shallow furrow can be recognized peripherally to these regions (Fig. 2A). This pattern suggests that those cells which were organize ...
Medical Neuroscience
... 24 thin protein filaments of cytokeratin = form 10-nm diameter solid fibril Microfilaments 7-nm diameter fibers composed of two actin filaments Cytoskeleton function: - maintenance of neural morphology - positioning of membrane proteins (receptors and ion channels) - distribution of membrane-bound o ...
... 24 thin protein filaments of cytokeratin = form 10-nm diameter solid fibril Microfilaments 7-nm diameter fibers composed of two actin filaments Cytoskeleton function: - maintenance of neural morphology - positioning of membrane proteins (receptors and ion channels) - distribution of membrane-bound o ...
The occipital lobe is the visual processing center of the mammalian
... distort judgements of a perceptual nature, but when the subject responds with an action, such as grasping, no distortion occurs. However, recent work suggests that ...
... distort judgements of a perceptual nature, but when the subject responds with an action, such as grasping, no distortion occurs. However, recent work suggests that ...
Repair of Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
... forum for retina specialists to share informative and exciting tips or pearls with regard to specific vitreoretinal surgical techniques, diagnostics, or therapeutics. In this installment of Retina Pearls, Karen M. Gehrs discusses the importance of being proficient in a variety of techniques for prim ...
... forum for retina specialists to share informative and exciting tips or pearls with regard to specific vitreoretinal surgical techniques, diagnostics, or therapeutics. In this installment of Retina Pearls, Karen M. Gehrs discusses the importance of being proficient in a variety of techniques for prim ...
VS 206D-Fall10 Optic Nerve
... The Meningeal Sheath of the Optic Nerve: The optic nerve is unique among cranial nerves in that it remains protected by the meningeal lining of the brain throughout its course. Anatomists cite the fact that the optic nerve is sheathed in meninges, and that this meningeal lining merges with the (meni ...
... The Meningeal Sheath of the Optic Nerve: The optic nerve is unique among cranial nerves in that it remains protected by the meningeal lining of the brain throughout its course. Anatomists cite the fact that the optic nerve is sheathed in meninges, and that this meningeal lining merges with the (meni ...
Limbal epithelial stem cells of the cornea
... Davanger and Evenson later observed a similar centripetal migration of pigment from limbus to central cornea in humans. Hence they proposed that the limbal Palisades of Vogt (PV) were the source of LESC (Davanger and Evenson, 1971; Huang and Tseng, 1991). Following lamellar keratoplasty, this centri ...
... Davanger and Evenson later observed a similar centripetal migration of pigment from limbus to central cornea in humans. Hence they proposed that the limbal Palisades of Vogt (PV) were the source of LESC (Davanger and Evenson, 1971; Huang and Tseng, 1991). Following lamellar keratoplasty, this centri ...
eye anatomy - Madison Area Technical College
... the retina. This layer is by far the thinnest and most delicate of the three layers and is usually shown as light colored (tan or pink). Blood vessels can be seen directly in the retina of the living eyes by use of a special reflecting light called an ophthalmoscope. A nervous tissue layer of the re ...
... the retina. This layer is by far the thinnest and most delicate of the three layers and is usually shown as light colored (tan or pink). Blood vessels can be seen directly in the retina of the living eyes by use of a special reflecting light called an ophthalmoscope. A nervous tissue layer of the re ...
Conventional Perimetry - Imaging and Perimetry Society
... use of such an instrument the unit symbol dBs (subscript "s" for "standardized") will be used.(( ...
... use of such an instrument the unit symbol dBs (subscript "s" for "standardized") will be used.(( ...
PDF file - Via Medica Journals
... The microvessels, mainly capillaries and precapillaries, coursed along and around the small groups of the ganglion neurons (Fig. 8), but the individual capillaries ran around each singular cell, which was especially evident at higher magnifications (Fig. 9). The vessels showed some sporadic local di ...
... The microvessels, mainly capillaries and precapillaries, coursed along and around the small groups of the ganglion neurons (Fig. 8), but the individual capillaries ran around each singular cell, which was especially evident at higher magnifications (Fig. 9). The vessels showed some sporadic local di ...
A Case of Unusual Retinal Hemorrhages Stanley
... Ocular findings. Ophthalmic features that may be present in MGUS, multiple myeloma, or other blood dyscrasia retinopathies are protean. The findings occur on a spectrum from asymptomatic retinal hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, and retinal venous dilation to more aggressive retinal or optic disc neov ...
... Ocular findings. Ophthalmic features that may be present in MGUS, multiple myeloma, or other blood dyscrasia retinopathies are protean. The findings occur on a spectrum from asymptomatic retinal hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, and retinal venous dilation to more aggressive retinal or optic disc neov ...
The Eye Examination 1 - Stony Brook University School of Medicine
... presence of vision. A brisk pupillary response to light also suggests the presence of vision. The exception to this is the patient with cortical blindness, which is due to bilateral widespread destruction of the visual cortex. If there is any doubt, referral to ...
... presence of vision. A brisk pupillary response to light also suggests the presence of vision. The exception to this is the patient with cortical blindness, which is due to bilateral widespread destruction of the visual cortex. If there is any doubt, referral to ...
Limbal Stem Cells in Health and Disease
... and permanently pass on to the whole clone of cells, resulting in abnormal differentiation and cellular dysfunction. To minimize any error made in SC mitosis, several protective mechanisms have been developed. First, SC are relatively quiescent during the state of steady growth. They leave the job o ...
... and permanently pass on to the whole clone of cells, resulting in abnormal differentiation and cellular dysfunction. To minimize any error made in SC mitosis, several protective mechanisms have been developed. First, SC are relatively quiescent during the state of steady growth. They leave the job o ...
neurologic causes of canine anisocoria
... 1. Determine whether one or both pupils are abnormal in size 2. Localize the lesion responsible for anisocoria. Miosis refers to smaller than normal pupil size, while mydriasis refers to larger than normal pupil size. NEUROANATOMY Visual Pathway The visual pathway (Figure 2 ) is composed of the reti ...
... 1. Determine whether one or both pupils are abnormal in size 2. Localize the lesion responsible for anisocoria. Miosis refers to smaller than normal pupil size, while mydriasis refers to larger than normal pupil size. NEUROANATOMY Visual Pathway The visual pathway (Figure 2 ) is composed of the reti ...
Cultivo de células madre limbares en membrana
... it is continually subjected to physical, chemical and biological processes and, in some cases, to the loss of its functions. Adequate compensation for damage to the corneal epithelium is vital for maintaining a clear, healthy cornea and ...
... it is continually subjected to physical, chemical and biological processes and, in some cases, to the loss of its functions. Adequate compensation for damage to the corneal epithelium is vital for maintaining a clear, healthy cornea and ...
The matrix of the optic vesicle-presumptive lens
... Histochemical methods showed that the cell coats contained both glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans. Autoradiography after [3H]glucosamine injection indicated incorporation of the precursor with subsequent localization primarily at the cell surface. No obvious changes in the properties of the coat ...
... Histochemical methods showed that the cell coats contained both glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans. Autoradiography after [3H]glucosamine injection indicated incorporation of the precursor with subsequent localization primarily at the cell surface. No obvious changes in the properties of the coat ...
Retinal Disease - Cleveland Clinic
... The macula normally lies flat against the inside back surface of the eye. Sometimes cells can grow on the inside of the retina, contracting and pulling on the macula. Occasionally, an injury or medical condition creates strands of scar tissue inside the eye. These are called epiretinal membranes, an ...
... The macula normally lies flat against the inside back surface of the eye. Sometimes cells can grow on the inside of the retina, contracting and pulling on the macula. Occasionally, an injury or medical condition creates strands of scar tissue inside the eye. These are called epiretinal membranes, an ...
Block 2 Unit 3 Objectives
... ii. Pars Tuberalis 1. Wraps around the infundibular stalk to hold the two lobes together during development before they fuse 2. Arranged in short longitudinally oriented cords 3. Portal system corses through here on way to pars distalis 4. Mostly chromophils here (mostly gonadotrophs) iii. Pars Inte ...
... ii. Pars Tuberalis 1. Wraps around the infundibular stalk to hold the two lobes together during development before they fuse 2. Arranged in short longitudinally oriented cords 3. Portal system corses through here on way to pars distalis 4. Mostly chromophils here (mostly gonadotrophs) iii. Pars Inte ...
Cone Dystrophy - Kellogg Eye Center
... typically have cone dysfunction from birth, and so the visual symptoms mentioned above are usually noticed early in childhood and are not expected to worsen over the person’s lifetime. People with progressive cone dystrophy experience a worsening of cone function over time. Progression usually occu ...
... typically have cone dysfunction from birth, and so the visual symptoms mentioned above are usually noticed early in childhood and are not expected to worsen over the person’s lifetime. People with progressive cone dystrophy experience a worsening of cone function over time. Progression usually occu ...
Dr. H.A.Jaafar Al-Nahrain University
... • Consists of retina, which has an outer pigmented layer and an inner nervous layer. • Has a posterior part that is photosensitive; its anterior part, which is not photosensitive, constitutes inner lining of ciliary body and posterior part of iris. 1. Optic disk (blind spot) • Consists of optic nerv ...
... • Consists of retina, which has an outer pigmented layer and an inner nervous layer. • Has a posterior part that is photosensitive; its anterior part, which is not photosensitive, constitutes inner lining of ciliary body and posterior part of iris. 1. Optic disk (blind spot) • Consists of optic nerv ...
Neuroophthalmology
... jerk nystagmus, the fast phase brings the two eyes towards each other in a convergence movement, this is associated with retraction of the globe into the orbit found in lesions affecting the pretectal area, such as vascular accidents and pinealomas, can be one part of Parinaud's syndrome ...
... jerk nystagmus, the fast phase brings the two eyes towards each other in a convergence movement, this is associated with retraction of the globe into the orbit found in lesions affecting the pretectal area, such as vascular accidents and pinealomas, can be one part of Parinaud's syndrome ...
Darcy Sczepanik
... is linked to hypertension 60 percent of the time. BRVOs are primarily nonischemic events (resulting in <5 disc diameters of capillary non-perfusion) twothirds of time. As a result, BRVO rarely leads to neovascularization (22% to 36%), but is often associated with macular edema (50%), particularly in ...
... is linked to hypertension 60 percent of the time. BRVOs are primarily nonischemic events (resulting in <5 disc diameters of capillary non-perfusion) twothirds of time. As a result, BRVO rarely leads to neovascularization (22% to 36%), but is often associated with macular edema (50%), particularly in ...
Photoreceptor cell
A photoreceptor cell is a specialized type of neuron found in the retina that is capable of phototransduction. The great biological importance of photoreceptors is that they convert light (visible electromagnetic radiation) into signals that can stimulate biological processes. To be more specific, photoreceptor proteins in the cell absorb photons, triggering a change in the cell's membrane potential.The two classic photoreceptor cells are rods and cones, each contributing information used by the visual system to form a representation of the visual world, sight. The rods are narrower than the cones and distributed differently across the retina, but the chemical process in each that supports phototransduction is similar. A third class of photoreceptor cells was discovered during the 1990s: the photosensitive ganglion cells. These cells do not contribute to sight directly, but are thought to support circadian rhythms and pupillary reflex.There are major functional differences between the rods and cones. Rods are extremely sensitive, and can be triggered by a single photon. At very low light levels, visual experience is based solely on the rod signal. This explains why colors cannot be seen at low light levels: only one type of photoreceptor cell is active.Cones require significantly brighter light (i.e., a larger numbers of photons) in order to produce a signal. In humans, there are three different types of cone cell, distinguished by their pattern of response to different wavelengths of light. Color experience is calculated from these three distinct signals, perhaps via an opponent process. The three types of cone cell respond (roughly) to light of short, medium, and long wavelengths. Note that, due to the principle of univariance, the firing of the cell depends upon only the number of photons absorbed. The different responses of the three types of cone cells are determined by the likelihoods that their respective photoreceptor proteins will absorb photons of different wavelengths. So, for example, an L cone cell contains a photoreceptor protein that more readily absorbs long wavelengths of light (i.e., more ""red""). Light of a shorter wavelength can also produce the same response, but it must be much brighter to do so.The human retina contains about 120 million rod cells and 6 million cone cells. The number and ratio of rods to cones varies among species, dependent on whether an animal is primarily diurnal or nocturnal. Certain owls, such as the tawny owl, have a tremendous number of rods in their retinae. In addition, there are about 2.4 million to 3 million ganglion cells in the human visual system, the axons of these cells form the 2 optic nerves, 1 to 2% of them photosensitive.The pineal and parapineal glands are photoreceptive in non-mammalian vertebrates, but not in mammals. Birds have photoactive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons within the paraventricular organ that respond to light in the absence of input from the eyes or neurotransmitters. Invertebrate photoreceptors in organisms such as insects and molluscs are different in both their morphological organization and their underlying biochemical pathways. Described here are human photoreceptors.