Significance of Neural Crest in Tooth Development
... These genes are characterized by possession of a particular DNA sequence, the homeobox, encoding a variable protein domain called as homeodain, whereas the cells emerging from the hindbrain region from r3 and posteriorly express a well-ordered sequence of Hox genes. It is known that some of the neur ...
... These genes are characterized by possession of a particular DNA sequence, the homeobox, encoding a variable protein domain called as homeodain, whereas the cells emerging from the hindbrain region from r3 and posteriorly express a well-ordered sequence of Hox genes. It is known that some of the neur ...
ap psych 2012 unit 3a and 3b
... 3. While mapping the motor cortex, researchers Foerster and Penfield found that a. although the mind's subsystems are localized in specific brain regions, the brain acts like a unified whole. b. damage to a specific area in the left frontal lobe disrupted speech ability. c. body areas requiring the ...
... 3. While mapping the motor cortex, researchers Foerster and Penfield found that a. although the mind's subsystems are localized in specific brain regions, the brain acts like a unified whole. b. damage to a specific area in the left frontal lobe disrupted speech ability. c. body areas requiring the ...
Neural Networks, Fuzzy Models and Dynamic Logic. Chapter in R
... Modeling field theory [40], summarized below, associates lower-level signals with higher-level concept-models (or internal representations), resulting in understanding of signals, while overcoming the difficulties of CC described in Section 2. It is achieved by using measures of similarity between t ...
... Modeling field theory [40], summarized below, associates lower-level signals with higher-level concept-models (or internal representations), resulting in understanding of signals, while overcoming the difficulties of CC described in Section 2. It is achieved by using measures of similarity between t ...
Decision Making in Recurrent Neuronal Circuits
... Review have been developed and applied to various experimental paradigms, including perceptual tasks that involve both decision making and working memory, action selection and preparation, learning flexible sensorimotor associations, and reward-based economic choice behaviors such as foraging or int ...
... Review have been developed and applied to various experimental paradigms, including perceptual tasks that involve both decision making and working memory, action selection and preparation, learning flexible sensorimotor associations, and reward-based economic choice behaviors such as foraging or int ...
The neural subjective frame: from bodily signals to perceptual
... around them [2]. It therefore seems more promising to turn to another type of brain –body interactions that involves vital internal organs such as the heart or the gut that are constantly monitored and regulated by the central nervous system. In §§3 and 4, we describe the pathways of visceral integr ...
... around them [2]. It therefore seems more promising to turn to another type of brain –body interactions that involves vital internal organs such as the heart or the gut that are constantly monitored and regulated by the central nervous system. In §§3 and 4, we describe the pathways of visceral integr ...
Latest Findings in the Mechanisms of Cortical `Arousal`: `Enabling
... to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some commonalities in terms of "phenomenal" experiences – "The dream s ...
... to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some commonalities in terms of "phenomenal" experiences – "The dream s ...
Latest Findings in the Mechanisms of Cortical `Arousal`: `Enabling
... to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some commonalities in terms of "phenomenal" experiences – "The dream s ...
... to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some commonalities in terms of "phenomenal" experiences – "The dream s ...
Creating Buzz: The Neural Correlates of Effective Message
... message communicators are first encoding ideas that they are likely to spread successfully. Successful spreading of an idea was operationalized as a message communicator passing on an idea to a message recipient in such a way that the message recipient wanted to recommend the idea further to others. ...
... message communicators are first encoding ideas that they are likely to spread successfully. Successful spreading of an idea was operationalized as a message communicator passing on an idea to a message recipient in such a way that the message recipient wanted to recommend the idea further to others. ...
Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
... When an axon of cell A is near enough to excite a cell B and repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic change takes place in one or both cells, such that A’s efficiency as one of the cells firing B, is increased. Hebb Rule 4wi,j = λ oi oj Instrumental in Bi ...
... When an axon of cell A is near enough to excite a cell B and repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic change takes place in one or both cells, such that A’s efficiency as one of the cells firing B, is increased. Hebb Rule 4wi,j = λ oi oj Instrumental in Bi ...
An optical neural interface: in vivo control of rodent
... in neural stimulation are clearly needed to deliver improved stimulation efficacy without an increased side effect profile. Employing light to activate neurons has emerged as an attractive new concept (for review, see [21–24]). Leveraging advances in chemical biology and molecular genetics, several ...
... in neural stimulation are clearly needed to deliver improved stimulation efficacy without an increased side effect profile. Employing light to activate neurons has emerged as an attractive new concept (for review, see [21–24]). Leveraging advances in chemical biology and molecular genetics, several ...
An optical neural interface: in vivo control of
... in neural stimulation are clearly needed to deliver improved stimulation efficacy without an increased side effect profile. Employing light to activate neurons has emerged as an attractive new concept (for review, see [21–24]). Leveraging advances in chemical biology and molecular genetics, several ...
... in neural stimulation are clearly needed to deliver improved stimulation efficacy without an increased side effect profile. Employing light to activate neurons has emerged as an attractive new concept (for review, see [21–24]). Leveraging advances in chemical biology and molecular genetics, several ...
Adaptive neural coding: from biological to behavioral decision
... Context-dependent neural value coding. (a) Modulation by spatial context in monkey lateral intraparietal area (LIP) neurons. Left, average firing rate histograms as a function of time, segregated by the value context of the array of alternatives. Despite a constant reward associated with the neural ...
... Context-dependent neural value coding. (a) Modulation by spatial context in monkey lateral intraparietal area (LIP) neurons. Left, average firing rate histograms as a function of time, segregated by the value context of the array of alternatives. Despite a constant reward associated with the neural ...
17 Human Single Unit Activity for Reach and Grasp Motor Prostheses
... So far we have described a static view of the neuronal encoding of reach and grasp parameters such as end-point position, grasp aperture, and force. Reach and grasp movements, however, occur not just in 3-D space, but also in time. Thus, improved understanding of how neurons code for trajectories of ...
... So far we have described a static view of the neuronal encoding of reach and grasp parameters such as end-point position, grasp aperture, and force. Reach and grasp movements, however, occur not just in 3-D space, but also in time. Thus, improved understanding of how neurons code for trajectories of ...
Arbib, 2008 - Semantic Scholar
... A monkey with an action in its repertoire may have mirror neurons active both when executing and observing that action yet does not repeat the observed action. Nor, crucially, does it use observation of a novel action to add that action to its repertoire. Thus, we hypothesize that evolution embeds a ...
... A monkey with an action in its repertoire may have mirror neurons active both when executing and observing that action yet does not repeat the observed action. Nor, crucially, does it use observation of a novel action to add that action to its repertoire. Thus, we hypothesize that evolution embeds a ...
Artificial neural networks and their application in biological and
... Earlier ANN models Each individual neuron in the nervous system works independently, but as part of a network it transmits information obtained from prior neurons to further ones. In the case of artificial neural networks, this means that a given neuron sums up input signals with appropriate weight ...
... Earlier ANN models Each individual neuron in the nervous system works independently, but as part of a network it transmits information obtained from prior neurons to further ones. In the case of artificial neural networks, this means that a given neuron sums up input signals with appropriate weight ...
Single-trial decoding of intended eye movement goals from lateral
... quantiles (Musallam et al. 2004), but often fewer quantiles were needed to represent all unique spike count values, especially when analyzing neurons with low firing rates and short epochs. The quantile indexes were used as r in Eq. 1. MI was compared against a null distribution obtained by shufflin ...
... quantiles (Musallam et al. 2004), but often fewer quantiles were needed to represent all unique spike count values, especially when analyzing neurons with low firing rates and short epochs. The quantile indexes were used as r in Eq. 1. MI was compared against a null distribution obtained by shufflin ...
A GPU-accelerated cortical neural network model for visually guided
... Minch, & Delbruck, 2010; Wen & Boahen, 2009). Thus, developing complex spiking networks that display cognitive functions or learn behavioral abilities through autonomous interaction may also represent an important step toward realizing functional largescale networks on neuromorphic hardware. Overall ...
... Minch, & Delbruck, 2010; Wen & Boahen, 2009). Thus, developing complex spiking networks that display cognitive functions or learn behavioral abilities through autonomous interaction may also represent an important step toward realizing functional largescale networks on neuromorphic hardware. Overall ...
USC Brain Project Specific Aims
... Rizzolatti, G, and Arbib, M.A., 1998, Language Within Our Grasp, Trends in Neuroscience, 21(5):188-194: The Mirror System Hypothesis: Human Broca’s area contains a mirror system for grasping which is homologous to the F5 mirror system of monkey, and this provides the evolutionary basis for language ...
... Rizzolatti, G, and Arbib, M.A., 1998, Language Within Our Grasp, Trends in Neuroscience, 21(5):188-194: The Mirror System Hypothesis: Human Broca’s area contains a mirror system for grasping which is homologous to the F5 mirror system of monkey, and this provides the evolutionary basis for language ...
The Resilience of Computationalism - Philsci
... ‘computation’, an analog process may or may not be an analog computation, and an analog computation may or may not be a computation in the sense relevant to computationalism. In a loose sense, ‘analog’ refers to the processes of any system that at some level of description can be characterized as t ...
... ‘computation’, an analog process may or may not be an analog computation, and an analog computation may or may not be a computation in the sense relevant to computationalism. In a loose sense, ‘analog’ refers to the processes of any system that at some level of description can be characterized as t ...
Neural Coding 2016
... bridging disciplines and introducing theoretical ideas and methods to neuroscience research. This concept of combining theoretical and experimental approaches has proven highly successful and nowadays plays a pivotal role in the modern neurosciences. Research in neural coding covers neural represent ...
... bridging disciplines and introducing theoretical ideas and methods to neuroscience research. This concept of combining theoretical and experimental approaches has proven highly successful and nowadays plays a pivotal role in the modern neurosciences. Research in neural coding covers neural represent ...
The neural basis of the speed–accuracy tradeoff - Eric
... fast and stimulus onset. Under the assumption that the observed BOLD signal in these areas is produced by the activity of integrator neurons, the data from these three fMRI studies suggest that speed instructions increase the baseline activity of these neurons. We are not aware of any neurophysiolog ...
... fast and stimulus onset. Under the assumption that the observed BOLD signal in these areas is produced by the activity of integrator neurons, the data from these three fMRI studies suggest that speed instructions increase the baseline activity of these neurons. We are not aware of any neurophysiolog ...
Fixing Functionalism
... Introduction: The Construction of Consciousness This paper will argue that the traditional construal of functionalism is too complex to be a workable scientific theory of consciousness, and introduce an alternative, simpler theory in its place. The argument begins by introducing the notion of a cons ...
... Introduction: The Construction of Consciousness This paper will argue that the traditional construal of functionalism is too complex to be a workable scientific theory of consciousness, and introduce an alternative, simpler theory in its place. The argument begins by introducing the notion of a cons ...
Evolutionary Connectionism and Mind/Brain Modularity - laral
... Computational cognitive science tends to be strongly modularistic. The computational mind is made up of distinct modules which specialize in processing distinct types of information, have specialized functions, and are closed to interference from other types of information and functions (Chomsky, 19 ...
... Computational cognitive science tends to be strongly modularistic. The computational mind is made up of distinct modules which specialize in processing distinct types of information, have specialized functions, and are closed to interference from other types of information and functions (Chomsky, 19 ...
Neural binding
Neural binding refers to the neuroscientific aspect of what is commonly known as the binding problem. The Binding Problem is an interdisciplinary term, named for the difficulty of creating a comprehensive and verifiable model for the unity of consciousness. ""Binding"" refers to the integration of highly diverse neural information in the forming of one's cohesive experience. The neural binding hypothesis states that neural signals are paired through synchronized oscillations of neuronal activity that combine and recombine to allow for a wide variety of responses to context-dependent stimuli. These dynamic neural networks are thought to account for the flexibility and nuanced response of the brain to various situations. The coupling of these networks is transient, on the order of milliseconds, and allows for rapid activity.A viable mechanism for this phenomenon must address (1) the difficulties of reconciling the global nature of the participating (exogenous) signals and their relevant (endogenous) associations, (2) the interface between lower perceptual processes and higher cognitive processes, (3) the identification of signals (sometimes referred to as “tagging”) as they are processed and routed throughout the brain, and (4) the emergence of a unity of consciousness.Proposed adaptive functions of neural binding have included the avoidance of hallucinatory phenomena generated by endogenous patterns alone as well as the avoidance of behavior driven by involuntary action alone.There are several difficulties that must be addressed in this model. First, it must provide a mechanism for the integration of signals across different brain regions (both cortical and subcortical). It must also be able to explain the simultaneous processing of unrelated signals that are held separate from one another and integrated signals that must be viewed as a whole.