A Review of Cell Assemblies by Huyck and
... concept of dog is neurally implemented by a set of their neurons, their dog CA. CAs encode elements of higher cognitive processes like words, mental images and other types of concepts. The standard model, derived directly from Hebb (1949), is that these neurons have high mutual synaptic strength. Wh ...
... concept of dog is neurally implemented by a set of their neurons, their dog CA. CAs encode elements of higher cognitive processes like words, mental images and other types of concepts. The standard model, derived directly from Hebb (1949), is that these neurons have high mutual synaptic strength. Wh ...
V U Z (vzw)
... occurrence of these toxins is species-dependent. The majority of the investigated conotoxins block neuromuscular and neuronal transmission by interacting with pre- and postsynaptically located ion channels or ligand-gated ion channels (Gray et al., 1988; Oliveraet al., 1985; Oliveraet al., 1994). Th ...
... occurrence of these toxins is species-dependent. The majority of the investigated conotoxins block neuromuscular and neuronal transmission by interacting with pre- and postsynaptically located ion channels or ligand-gated ion channels (Gray et al., 1988; Oliveraet al., 1985; Oliveraet al., 1994). Th ...
The GABAergic system in schizophrenia
... further hypofunctioning of the glutamatergic system through feedback mechanisms. Several classes of compounds, including benzodiazepines (BZD), muscurinic receptor antagonist and haloperidol, blocked NMDAinduced neurotoxicity in the posterior cingulate and retrospenial regions of experimental animal ...
... further hypofunctioning of the glutamatergic system through feedback mechanisms. Several classes of compounds, including benzodiazepines (BZD), muscurinic receptor antagonist and haloperidol, blocked NMDAinduced neurotoxicity in the posterior cingulate and retrospenial regions of experimental animal ...
Artificial Neural Network in Drug Delivery and Pharmaceutical
... for detection and calibration of amino acids with similar structures and spectrums such as tryptophan, tyrosine, and histidine [32]. Moreover, ANNs are capable of assisting in determining of concentrations of a chiral sample and enantiomeric excess in a single spectrophotometric measurement due to t ...
... for detection and calibration of amino acids with similar structures and spectrums such as tryptophan, tyrosine, and histidine [32]. Moreover, ANNs are capable of assisting in determining of concentrations of a chiral sample and enantiomeric excess in a single spectrophotometric measurement due to t ...
High baseline activity in inferior temporal cortex
... Spontaneous firing is a ubiquitous property of neural activity in the brain. Recent literature suggests that this baseline activity plays a key role in perception. However, it is not known how the baseline activity contributes to neural coding and behavior. Here, by recording from the single neurons ...
... Spontaneous firing is a ubiquitous property of neural activity in the brain. Recent literature suggests that this baseline activity plays a key role in perception. However, it is not known how the baseline activity contributes to neural coding and behavior. Here, by recording from the single neurons ...
Neural realisation of the SP theory
... 2.4 Production of sentences and other patterns An attractive feature of the SP system is that, without any modification, it can support the production of language (or other patterns of knowledge) as well as its analysis. If SP61 is run again, with the sentence in New replaced by the encoded form of ...
... 2.4 Production of sentences and other patterns An attractive feature of the SP system is that, without any modification, it can support the production of language (or other patterns of knowledge) as well as its analysis. If SP61 is run again, with the sentence in New replaced by the encoded form of ...
Edge of chaos and prediction of computational performance for
... in more detail Maass and Markram (2004), has shown that the so-called separation property of circuit components is a necessary (and in combination with a condition on the readout also sufficient) condition for being able to approximate a given online computation that maps continuous input streams on ...
... in more detail Maass and Markram (2004), has shown that the so-called separation property of circuit components is a necessary (and in combination with a condition on the readout also sufficient) condition for being able to approximate a given online computation that maps continuous input streams on ...
The Representation of Biological Classes in the Human Brain
... according to the norm of the data. The preprocessed time series data were coded so that only time points corresponding to peak hemodynamic responses for events (6 s after stimulus onset) were labeled by species category. All other time points were discarded. Within each run, time points were average ...
... according to the norm of the data. The preprocessed time series data were coded so that only time points corresponding to peak hemodynamic responses for events (6 s after stimulus onset) were labeled by species category. All other time points were discarded. Within each run, time points were average ...
Efficient coding and the neural representation of value
... only from an analysis of the choices a decisionmaker makes between that object and other options.1,2 In this regard, economic theories respect the fact that, for example, a given chooser might view 10 apples as less than 10 times as good as one apple if that is what the subject’s choices reveal. In ...
... only from an analysis of the choices a decisionmaker makes between that object and other options.1,2 In this regard, economic theories respect the fact that, for example, a given chooser might view 10 apples as less than 10 times as good as one apple if that is what the subject’s choices reveal. In ...
Binding and Cytotoxic Effects of Clostdium botulinum Type A, C1
... demonstrated one band with the Hc component (Fig. 1 b), but no band appeared in the case of C9 and (2-17. These results indicated that the epitopes recognized by C-9 and C-17 were destroyed by SDS or heat (100 "C for 2 min) treatment. This was confirmed by both ELISA and dotblotting tests using prep ...
... demonstrated one band with the Hc component (Fig. 1 b), but no band appeared in the case of C9 and (2-17. These results indicated that the epitopes recognized by C-9 and C-17 were destroyed by SDS or heat (100 "C for 2 min) treatment. This was confirmed by both ELISA and dotblotting tests using prep ...
From format to function: Embodiment and the functional roles of
... association area then conjoin the active features and store them in memory. Later, in the absence of visual input, these conjunctive neurons partially reactivate the original set of feature detectors to represent the car visually. Such re-enactments or simulations […] provide the cognitive- ...
... association area then conjoin the active features and store them in memory. Later, in the absence of visual input, these conjunctive neurons partially reactivate the original set of feature detectors to represent the car visually. Such re-enactments or simulations […] provide the cognitive- ...
The language of action: verbs, simulation and motor chains
... actions which are either in agreement (“compatible” or “congruent” trials) or in contrast (“incompatible” or “incongruent” trials) with the actions typically associated with the objects (e.g., grasping an object with the appropriate grip). For example, in compatible trials the participant is asked ...
... actions which are either in agreement (“compatible” or “congruent” trials) or in contrast (“incompatible” or “incongruent” trials) with the actions typically associated with the objects (e.g., grasping an object with the appropriate grip). For example, in compatible trials the participant is asked ...
Spike Train SIMilarity Space (SSIMS): A Framework for Single
... trials with similar activity patterns). The proposed algorithm transforms neural data to produce a lowdimensional spike train SIMilarity space (SSIMS) that represents the relationships between activity patterns generated on individual trials. In the SSIMS projection, similar neural activity patterns ...
... trials with similar activity patterns). The proposed algorithm transforms neural data to produce a lowdimensional spike train SIMilarity space (SSIMS) that represents the relationships between activity patterns generated on individual trials. In the SSIMS projection, similar neural activity patterns ...
Neural Correlates of Object-Associated Choice Behavior
... roles of the PRC in object recognition in rodents, although many behavioral studies have explored the impact of perturbations in the PRC (Aggleton et al., 1997; Ennaceur and Aggleton, 1997; Norman and Eacott, 2005). Prior studies examining single-unit activity in the PRC primarily used spontaneous o ...
... roles of the PRC in object recognition in rodents, although many behavioral studies have explored the impact of perturbations in the PRC (Aggleton et al., 1997; Ennaceur and Aggleton, 1997; Norman and Eacott, 2005). Prior studies examining single-unit activity in the PRC primarily used spontaneous o ...
Neural Crest_Origin, Migration and Differentiation
... Single-cell labelling techniques have been developed to mark individual neural crest cells in the embryo in order to assess their developmental repertoire in situ. Such studies, which are technically difficult, show that a single labelled cell gives rise to a clone of cells, and these clonally relat ...
... Single-cell labelling techniques have been developed to mark individual neural crest cells in the embryo in order to assess their developmental repertoire in situ. Such studies, which are technically difficult, show that a single labelled cell gives rise to a clone of cells, and these clonally relat ...
Development - Publications Repository
... SEMA3F being expressed in r3 and r5 and NRP2 being expressed by the r2-derived (trigeminal) and r4-derived (hyoid) neural crest cells (Gammill et al., 2007; Eickholt et al., 1999). Moreover, cranial neural crest cells travel through the normally crest-free zone at r3 level when semaphorin function i ...
... SEMA3F being expressed in r3 and r5 and NRP2 being expressed by the r2-derived (trigeminal) and r4-derived (hyoid) neural crest cells (Gammill et al., 2007; Eickholt et al., 1999). Moreover, cranial neural crest cells travel through the normally crest-free zone at r3 level when semaphorin function i ...
All-Optical Interrogation of Neural Circuits
... cells, and thus achieve fully “all-optical” interrogation of neural activity. Implementations of simultaneous optical readout and manipulation have faced three main challenges: reliable delivery and expression of the sensors and actuators in the same neurons, elimination of cross talk between the im ...
... cells, and thus achieve fully “all-optical” interrogation of neural activity. Implementations of simultaneous optical readout and manipulation have faced three main challenges: reliable delivery and expression of the sensors and actuators in the same neurons, elimination of cross talk between the im ...
Optogenetic Brain Interfaces
... that are tailored to individual systems. The most widely used optogenetic tools are proteins of the microbial rhodopsin family [10]. These proteins were first discovered in the 1970s and were already then thought to serve as a “scientific goldmine” for renewable energy [17]. Microbial rhodopsins are ...
... that are tailored to individual systems. The most widely used optogenetic tools are proteins of the microbial rhodopsin family [10]. These proteins were first discovered in the 1970s and were already then thought to serve as a “scientific goldmine” for renewable energy [17]. Microbial rhodopsins are ...
Neural Transcription Factors: from Embryos to Neural Stem Cells
... and/or delay their differentiation into neural progenitors. For example, in Xenopus embryos, Gmnn maintains NE precursors in a proliferative state by modulating interactions between the SWI/SNF complex and the bHLH transcription factors that promote neural differentiation (Seo and Kroll, 2006; Seo e ...
... and/or delay their differentiation into neural progenitors. For example, in Xenopus embryos, Gmnn maintains NE precursors in a proliferative state by modulating interactions between the SWI/SNF complex and the bHLH transcription factors that promote neural differentiation (Seo and Kroll, 2006; Seo e ...
Linking Objects to Actions: Encoding of Target Object and Grasping
... world objects can be grasped in many different ways depending on the situation. It is not clear how PMv circuits could flexibly link either the same action to multiple objects or multiple actions to the same object. In this study, we used multielectrode arrays to record neural ensemble activity in P ...
... world objects can be grasped in many different ways depending on the situation. It is not clear how PMv circuits could flexibly link either the same action to multiple objects or multiple actions to the same object. In this study, we used multielectrode arrays to record neural ensemble activity in P ...
18 Coordination in Behavior and Cognition
... coordination” is to think of it as a cover term for at least three fundamental neurocomputational functions: multiplicative gain modulation, dynamic grouping or “binding,” and dynamic routing (cf. Phillips et al., this volume). All three functions can be viewed as involving interactions that affect ...
... coordination” is to think of it as a cover term for at least three fundamental neurocomputational functions: multiplicative gain modulation, dynamic grouping or “binding,” and dynamic routing (cf. Phillips et al., this volume). All three functions can be viewed as involving interactions that affect ...
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... Dyslexia displays both environmental and genetic risk components (Pennington et al. 1991; Nöthen et al. 1999; Fisher and DeFries 2002; Cope et al. 2005). The coincidence rate among monozygotic twins is 50%–68% (Cardon et al. 1994; Pennington et al. 1991). Allelic variations in the gene ...
... Dyslexia displays both environmental and genetic risk components (Pennington et al. 1991; Nöthen et al. 1999; Fisher and DeFries 2002; Cope et al. 2005). The coincidence rate among monozygotic twins is 50%–68% (Cardon et al. 1994; Pennington et al. 1991). Allelic variations in the gene ...
Knockdown of the Dyslexia-Associated Gene
... Vrana, et al. 2012). The classifier then compared the response of each single trial with the average activity template (PSTH) evoked by all repeats of each of the speech stimuli presented. The current trial being considered was not included in the PSTH to avoid artifact. The classifier attempted to id ...
... Vrana, et al. 2012). The classifier then compared the response of each single trial with the average activity template (PSTH) evoked by all repeats of each of the speech stimuli presented. The current trial being considered was not included in the PSTH to avoid artifact. The classifier attempted to id ...
Knockdown of the Dyslexia-Associated Gene
... phoneme discrimination tasks (Flowers et al. 1991; Rumsey et al. 1992, 1997; Temple et al. 2000, 2001, 2003). Dyslexia displays both environmental and genetic risk components (Pennington et al. 1991; Nöthen et al. 1999; Fisher and DeFries 2002; Cope et al. 2005). The coincidence rate among monozygot ...
... phoneme discrimination tasks (Flowers et al. 1991; Rumsey et al. 1992, 1997; Temple et al. 2000, 2001, 2003). Dyslexia displays both environmental and genetic risk components (Pennington et al. 1991; Nöthen et al. 1999; Fisher and DeFries 2002; Cope et al. 2005). The coincidence rate among monozygot ...
Neural binding
Neural binding refers to the neuroscientific aspect of what is commonly known as the binding problem. The Binding Problem is an interdisciplinary term, named for the difficulty of creating a comprehensive and verifiable model for the unity of consciousness. ""Binding"" refers to the integration of highly diverse neural information in the forming of one's cohesive experience. The neural binding hypothesis states that neural signals are paired through synchronized oscillations of neuronal activity that combine and recombine to allow for a wide variety of responses to context-dependent stimuli. These dynamic neural networks are thought to account for the flexibility and nuanced response of the brain to various situations. The coupling of these networks is transient, on the order of milliseconds, and allows for rapid activity.A viable mechanism for this phenomenon must address (1) the difficulties of reconciling the global nature of the participating (exogenous) signals and their relevant (endogenous) associations, (2) the interface between lower perceptual processes and higher cognitive processes, (3) the identification of signals (sometimes referred to as “tagging”) as they are processed and routed throughout the brain, and (4) the emergence of a unity of consciousness.Proposed adaptive functions of neural binding have included the avoidance of hallucinatory phenomena generated by endogenous patterns alone as well as the avoidance of behavior driven by involuntary action alone.There are several difficulties that must be addressed in this model. First, it must provide a mechanism for the integration of signals across different brain regions (both cortical and subcortical). It must also be able to explain the simultaneous processing of unrelated signals that are held separate from one another and integrated signals that must be viewed as a whole.