this article - Zald Affective Neuroscience Lab | Vanderbilt University
... defines anhedonia as diminished interest or pleasure in response to stimuli that were previously perceived as rewarding during a pre-morbid state (DSM-IV-TR). Along with depressed mood, anhedonia is one of two required symptoms for a diagnosis of MDD Q2 (American Psychiatric Association, 2000; World ...
... defines anhedonia as diminished interest or pleasure in response to stimuli that were previously perceived as rewarding during a pre-morbid state (DSM-IV-TR). Along with depressed mood, anhedonia is one of two required symptoms for a diagnosis of MDD Q2 (American Psychiatric Association, 2000; World ...
cerebellum
... • The superior cerebellar peduncle carries mainly outputs from the cerebellum. • The superior cerebellar peduncles decussate in the midbrain at the level of the inferior colliculi. • The middle and inferior carry mainly inputs. ...
... • The superior cerebellar peduncle carries mainly outputs from the cerebellum. • The superior cerebellar peduncles decussate in the midbrain at the level of the inferior colliculi. • The middle and inferior carry mainly inputs. ...
Neural Coding of Distinct Statistical Properties of
... a training session before scanning (see Training session). These motor responses ensured that subjects were attending to the specific types of slot machines as well as their outcomes and enabled us to keep the motor component equal between S1 and S2. No requirement was made to press the response butt ...
... a training session before scanning (see Training session). These motor responses ensured that subjects were attending to the specific types of slot machines as well as their outcomes and enabled us to keep the motor component equal between S1 and S2. No requirement was made to press the response butt ...
Coordinated Interaction between Hippocampal Sharp
... Hippocampal– cortical interaction during sleep promotes transformation of memory for long-term storage in the cortex. In particular, hippocampal sharp-wave ripple-associated neural activation is important for this transformation during slow-wave sleep. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been sh ...
... Hippocampal– cortical interaction during sleep promotes transformation of memory for long-term storage in the cortex. In particular, hippocampal sharp-wave ripple-associated neural activation is important for this transformation during slow-wave sleep. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been sh ...
Neurotoxic Lesions of Basolateral, But Not Central, Amygdala
... In contrast, both food-cup and walk behaviors tend to be relatively evenly distributed during 10 sec auditory CSs, and so we report their frequency over the entire 10 sec CS interval. The index of behavioral frequency used was percentage total behavior, obtained by dividing the frequency of the targ ...
... In contrast, both food-cup and walk behaviors tend to be relatively evenly distributed during 10 sec auditory CSs, and so we report their frequency over the entire 10 sec CS interval. The index of behavioral frequency used was percentage total behavior, obtained by dividing the frequency of the targ ...
Identity-specific coding of future rewards in the human orbitofrontal
... good is it?) and outcome identity (what is it?) are necessary. Recent data suggest that the OFC is involved in signaling information about specific outcomes (9–14). For instance, many OFC neurons signal both the value and the identity of the predicted outcome (12), and OFC lesions diminish the effec ...
... good is it?) and outcome identity (what is it?) are necessary. Recent data suggest that the OFC is involved in signaling information about specific outcomes (9–14). For instance, many OFC neurons signal both the value and the identity of the predicted outcome (12), and OFC lesions diminish the effec ...
Repetition suppression - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... neural activity in the human brain using non-invasive techniques. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) constitutes one of the principal tools for recording neural activity non-invasively in humans. Compared with other non-invasive recording techniques, such as electroencephalography (EEG) or ...
... neural activity in the human brain using non-invasive techniques. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) constitutes one of the principal tools for recording neural activity non-invasively in humans. Compared with other non-invasive recording techniques, such as electroencephalography (EEG) or ...
Organization of Visual Areas in Macaque and Human Cerebral
... 1985);, and PO (Fig. 2A-C) is equivalent to V6 (Fig. 2F). Lumping vs. Splitting. Some regions are considered a single area by some investigators (the “lumpers”) but as two separate areas by other investigators (the “splitters”). This is an issue, for example, for subdivisions V3d/V3v, V4d/V4v, and L ...
... 1985);, and PO (Fig. 2A-C) is equivalent to V6 (Fig. 2F). Lumping vs. Splitting. Some regions are considered a single area by some investigators (the “lumpers”) but as two separate areas by other investigators (the “splitters”). This is an issue, for example, for subdivisions V3d/V3v, V4d/V4v, and L ...
Form representation in monkey inferotemporal cortex is virtually
... activity in the inferotemporal cerebral cortex (IT)1,2, but most studies of IT neuronal responses have been done under restricted viewing and task conditions. Typically, non-human primates stare at a fixation point while isolated stimuli are flashed on the retina, often in a task that does not requi ...
... activity in the inferotemporal cerebral cortex (IT)1,2, but most studies of IT neuronal responses have been done under restricted viewing and task conditions. Typically, non-human primates stare at a fixation point while isolated stimuli are flashed on the retina, often in a task that does not requi ...
Region Specific Micromodularity in the Uppermost Layers in Primate
... Although our first impression with PV had suggested a honeycomb pattern, the modularity is not uniform. Rather, it shows a high degree of regional variability in both size and shape, ranging from small-scale honeycomb or reticulum, to largerscale patches. The upper layer modularity can also be demon ...
... Although our first impression with PV had suggested a honeycomb pattern, the modularity is not uniform. Rather, it shows a high degree of regional variability in both size and shape, ranging from small-scale honeycomb or reticulum, to largerscale patches. The upper layer modularity can also be demon ...
Cortical Connectivity Suggests a Role in Limb
... Experiments were conducted in 5 hemispheres of 4 male adult monkeys (Macaca fascicularis, 3–7 kg). All experimental protocols were approved by the Bioethical Committee of the University of Bologna and complied with the European Directive 86/609/EEC and with the Directive of 22 September 2010 (2010/6 ...
... Experiments were conducted in 5 hemispheres of 4 male adult monkeys (Macaca fascicularis, 3–7 kg). All experimental protocols were approved by the Bioethical Committee of the University of Bologna and complied with the European Directive 86/609/EEC and with the Directive of 22 September 2010 (2010/6 ...
Differences in Control of Limb Dynamics During Dominant and
... additional internal forces that arise from within the musculoskeletal system. Internal forces include interaction forces imposed on a given limb segment by motion of the attached segments, and forces resulting from stretch and compression of noncontractile tissues. Environmental forces include those ...
... additional internal forces that arise from within the musculoskeletal system. Internal forces include interaction forces imposed on a given limb segment by motion of the attached segments, and forces resulting from stretch and compression of noncontractile tissues. Environmental forces include those ...
The neurobiology of Meditation and its clinical effectiveness in
... left frontal regions. This is in line with the evidence for a role of the left frontal lobe in positive emotions whereas the right prefrontal lobe plays a greater role in negative ones (Canli et al., 1998). The intensity of mental activity correlated negatively with theta activity over frontal and m ...
... left frontal regions. This is in line with the evidence for a role of the left frontal lobe in positive emotions whereas the right prefrontal lobe plays a greater role in negative ones (Canli et al., 1998). The intensity of mental activity correlated negatively with theta activity over frontal and m ...
Changing the Language of Addiction.
... b. Impairment in Behavioral control; c. Craving; or increased “hunger” for drugs or rewarding experiences; d. Diminished recognition of significant problems with one’s behaviors and interpersonal relationships; and e. A dysfunctional Emotional response. The power of external cues to trigger craving ...
... b. Impairment in Behavioral control; c. Craving; or increased “hunger” for drugs or rewarding experiences; d. Diminished recognition of significant problems with one’s behaviors and interpersonal relationships; and e. A dysfunctional Emotional response. The power of external cues to trigger craving ...
Topography of Visual Cortex Connections with Frontal Eye Field in
... gaze to conspicuous and informative features in the scene (reviewed by Viviani, 1990; Rayner, 1992). Thus, both object vision and spatial vision are needed for these saccades. Larger amplitude saccades, however, being guided less by object recognition processes because of reduced peripheral visual a ...
... gaze to conspicuous and informative features in the scene (reviewed by Viviani, 1990; Rayner, 1992). Thus, both object vision and spatial vision are needed for these saccades. Larger amplitude saccades, however, being guided less by object recognition processes because of reduced peripheral visual a ...
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy
... as shown here This view also shows the named sulci, fissures and septi, as well Copy Right‐ Hongqi ZHANG‐Department of Anatomy‐Fudan University as the course taken by entering and departing axons. ...
... as shown here This view also shows the named sulci, fissures and septi, as well Copy Right‐ Hongqi ZHANG‐Department of Anatomy‐Fudan University as the course taken by entering and departing axons. ...
Scene perception: inferior temporal cortex neurons encode the
... more of the parafoveal positions. Moreover, of 54 neurons tested for asymmetric parafoveal receptive fields, 35 (65%) had significantly different responses for different parafoveal positions. The asymmetry was partly related to competition within the receptive fields, as only 21% of the neurons had ...
... more of the parafoveal positions. Moreover, of 54 neurons tested for asymmetric parafoveal receptive fields, 35 (65%) had significantly different responses for different parafoveal positions. The asymmetry was partly related to competition within the receptive fields, as only 21% of the neurons had ...
Domain-general mechanisms of complex working memory span
... behavioral studies have manipulated and crossed both the storage and processing domains of WM span tasks (Bayliss et al., 2003; Shah and Miyake, 1996). The key behavioral result in these studies, which we used as a benchmark to validate our paradigm, was that interference effects were stronger in th ...
... behavioral studies have manipulated and crossed both the storage and processing domains of WM span tasks (Bayliss et al., 2003; Shah and Miyake, 1996). The key behavioral result in these studies, which we used as a benchmark to validate our paradigm, was that interference effects were stronger in th ...
Travis, F.T. and Arenander, A. (2006). Cross-Sectional
... tendency of the mind to expand” (for further discussion see (Maharishi, 1969; Roth, 1994; Travis, et al., 2002). Measures of Personality and Psychological Traits Emotional Stability. The emotional stability sub-scale from the International Personality Item Pool was used. The International Personalit ...
... tendency of the mind to expand” (for further discussion see (Maharishi, 1969; Roth, 1994; Travis, et al., 2002). Measures of Personality and Psychological Traits Emotional Stability. The emotional stability sub-scale from the International Personality Item Pool was used. The International Personalit ...
The Auditory System
... 1995). This supports an earlier dipole localization study (Scherg and von Cramon 1985). Therefore, both waves I and II of the human BAEPs are generated by activity in axons of the cochlear nerve. BAEPs can distinguish between pathologies of the middle and inner ear, the auditory nerve and the brain ...
... 1995). This supports an earlier dipole localization study (Scherg and von Cramon 1985). Therefore, both waves I and II of the human BAEPs are generated by activity in axons of the cochlear nerve. BAEPs can distinguish between pathologies of the middle and inner ear, the auditory nerve and the brain ...
Evolving concepts of developmental auditory processing disorder
... basis, test validity and standardization, differentiation from other disorders, and even whether it exists as an independent disorder (Jerger, 2009). To evaluate and interpret the scientific evidence on APD, and to advise the audiology profession, the British Society of Audiology (BSA) established a ...
... basis, test validity and standardization, differentiation from other disorders, and even whether it exists as an independent disorder (Jerger, 2009). To evaluate and interpret the scientific evidence on APD, and to advise the audiology profession, the British Society of Audiology (BSA) established a ...
Overtraining Does Not Mitigate Contextual Fear Conditioning
... procedures were identical to those described in experiment 1, and freezing data were collected during the 3 min preshock period. Contextual fear testing for all groups of rats was conducted during an 8 min context extinction test (test 1) 1 week after recovery from surgery. T wenty-four hours after ...
... procedures were identical to those described in experiment 1, and freezing data were collected during the 3 min preshock period. Contextual fear testing for all groups of rats was conducted during an 8 min context extinction test (test 1) 1 week after recovery from surgery. T wenty-four hours after ...
Cortical Parcellations of the Macaque Monkey
... accurate, consensus cortical parcellation is lacking for most of macaque cortex. A primary reason is that differences between neighboring areas are often subtle when assessed by any of the available methods. Moreover, many individual areas show internal heterogeneity in architecture, connectivity, a ...
... accurate, consensus cortical parcellation is lacking for most of macaque cortex. A primary reason is that differences between neighboring areas are often subtle when assessed by any of the available methods. Moreover, many individual areas show internal heterogeneity in architecture, connectivity, a ...
ppt - UCSD Cognitive Science
... Kandel, Schwartz and Jessel (2000) Principles of Neural Science. Squire et al (2003) Fundamental Neuroscience ...
... Kandel, Schwartz and Jessel (2000) Principles of Neural Science. Squire et al (2003) Fundamental Neuroscience ...
REPRESENTATION OF CENTRAL VISUAL FIELDS IN
... lesion was fairly superficial, involving layers 1-4, whereas in others the lesions were slightly deeper, involving all 6 layers. There did not appear to be any appreciable difference in the ensuing degeneration. Survival in all monkeys with lesions in the striate cortex was limite0 to 8 or 9 days. F ...
... lesion was fairly superficial, involving layers 1-4, whereas in others the lesions were slightly deeper, involving all 6 layers. There did not appear to be any appreciable difference in the ensuing degeneration. Survival in all monkeys with lesions in the striate cortex was limite0 to 8 or 9 days. F ...