Orexins and fear: implications for the treatment of - e
... hypothalamic and thalamic nuclei [26]. Reciprocally, orexin neurons receive input from several nuclei of the limbic system [27,28]. Studies in humans have shown that individuals with narcolepsy, a condition associated with a loss of orexin neurons [29], show reduced AMY activity and no increase in f ...
... hypothalamic and thalamic nuclei [26]. Reciprocally, orexin neurons receive input from several nuclei of the limbic system [27,28]. Studies in humans have shown that individuals with narcolepsy, a condition associated with a loss of orexin neurons [29], show reduced AMY activity and no increase in f ...
The multisensory roles for auditory cortex in primate vocal
... behavior is also somewhat of a mystery. That they must be involved in multiple auditory-related behaviors is a given. The fundamental question is thus: how do these multiple auditory areas mediate specific behaviors through their interactions with each other and with other sensory and motor systems? ...
... behavior is also somewhat of a mystery. That they must be involved in multiple auditory-related behaviors is a given. The fundamental question is thus: how do these multiple auditory areas mediate specific behaviors through their interactions with each other and with other sensory and motor systems? ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... object naming with 175 pictured objects from a variety of semantic categories. Pictures have high familiarity, name agreement and image quality. Object names range in length from 1 to 4 syllables and in noun frequency from 1 to 2110 tokens per million (Francis and Kucera, 1982). The Philadelphia Nam ...
... object naming with 175 pictured objects from a variety of semantic categories. Pictures have high familiarity, name agreement and image quality. Object names range in length from 1 to 4 syllables and in noun frequency from 1 to 2110 tokens per million (Francis and Kucera, 1982). The Philadelphia Nam ...
Getting to Know You: Reputation and Trust in a Two
... and the peak of these ‘‘intention to trust’’ responses shifted its time of occurrence by 14 seconds as player reputations developed. This temporal transfer resembles a similar shift of reward prediction errors common to reinforcement learning models, but in the context of a social exchange. These da ...
... and the peak of these ‘‘intention to trust’’ responses shifted its time of occurrence by 14 seconds as player reputations developed. This temporal transfer resembles a similar shift of reward prediction errors common to reinforcement learning models, but in the context of a social exchange. These da ...
involvement of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis activated by
... 2003) or the BST (Delfs et al., 2000) attenuated the morphine withdrawal-induced CPA, while they had no or weaker effects on the morphine withdrawal-induced somatic signs. These findings support the notion that the Ce and the BST play an important role in the negative affective, rather than somatic, ...
... 2003) or the BST (Delfs et al., 2000) attenuated the morphine withdrawal-induced CPA, while they had no or weaker effects on the morphine withdrawal-induced somatic signs. These findings support the notion that the Ce and the BST play an important role in the negative affective, rather than somatic, ...
Basis Functions for Object
... the orientation of the object (e.g., 90⬚ counterclockwise), (3) the relative retinotopic coordinates of the subparts of the object (e.g., is a particular edge on the top, bottom, right, or left side of the object in retinotopic coordinates?), and (4) the absolute retinal location of the subparts of ...
... the orientation of the object (e.g., 90⬚ counterclockwise), (3) the relative retinotopic coordinates of the subparts of the object (e.g., is a particular edge on the top, bottom, right, or left side of the object in retinotopic coordinates?), and (4) the absolute retinal location of the subparts of ...
full text - TReAD Lab
... Anatomical differences between the medial and lateral STN are substantial. For example, the medial tip of the STN has reciprocal projections with the primate limbic pallidum (ventral pallidum (VP) in rodents), whereas the lSTN preferentially interacts with the external pallidal segment (globus palli ...
... Anatomical differences between the medial and lateral STN are substantial. For example, the medial tip of the STN has reciprocal projections with the primate limbic pallidum (ventral pallidum (VP) in rodents), whereas the lSTN preferentially interacts with the external pallidal segment (globus palli ...
fulltext
... reaction, are formed through fear conditioning. In animals, fear memories, present in the lateral amygdala, undergo reconsolidation after recall. Moreover, this reconsolidation process can be disrupted both pharmacologically and behaviourally, resulting in a reduced fear response to the stimulus. Th ...
... reaction, are formed through fear conditioning. In animals, fear memories, present in the lateral amygdala, undergo reconsolidation after recall. Moreover, this reconsolidation process can be disrupted both pharmacologically and behaviourally, resulting in a reduced fear response to the stimulus. Th ...
Differential effects of 10-Hz and 40
... included within the gamma band is quite large, however, and Vidal, Chaumon, O’Regan, and TallonBaudry (2006) found evidence that visual grouping and selectively attending are associated with distinct sub-ranges within this band. Specifically, high gamma (70–120 Hz) over central occipital regions was ...
... included within the gamma band is quite large, however, and Vidal, Chaumon, O’Regan, and TallonBaudry (2006) found evidence that visual grouping and selectively attending are associated with distinct sub-ranges within this band. Specifically, high gamma (70–120 Hz) over central occipital regions was ...
Age-dependent effect of cholinergic lesion on dendritic morphology
... et al. [49] found decreased GABAA receptors but not benzodiazepine receptors in prefrontal cortex of aged rats; Nyakas et al. [37] documented decreases in serotonin (5-HT1A ) receptors in frontal cortex; and Porras et al. [42] demonstrated decreased responsiveness of prefrontal cortical neurons to d ...
... et al. [49] found decreased GABAA receptors but not benzodiazepine receptors in prefrontal cortex of aged rats; Nyakas et al. [37] documented decreases in serotonin (5-HT1A ) receptors in frontal cortex; and Porras et al. [42] demonstrated decreased responsiveness of prefrontal cortical neurons to d ...
The role of neuronal synchronization in selective attention
... change had occurred. This finding suggests that the processing or the signalling of a sensory change is more efficient when it is handled by an area that is engaged in enhanced gamma-band synchronization [6]. Importantly, the influence of local synchronization of behavioural responses was spatiall ...
... change had occurred. This finding suggests that the processing or the signalling of a sensory change is more efficient when it is handled by an area that is engaged in enhanced gamma-band synchronization [6]. Importantly, the influence of local synchronization of behavioural responses was spatiall ...
How PACAP CeA Infusion Alters Mechanical and Thermal Sensitivity
... lead to the perception of pain, and how these may be altered in pathological pain states. This understanding will facilitate the proper development and use of pain treatments. ...
... lead to the perception of pain, and how these may be altered in pathological pain states. This understanding will facilitate the proper development and use of pain treatments. ...
Neural substrates for conditioned taste aversion in the rat.
... coincides with the injection of LiC1 (US), or even when the US precedes the CS by 5 to 10 rain. In other words, when the US precedes the CS more than 10 min. no reliable CTAs can be formed. Comparison of such mterstimulus interval effects on CTA acqmsition together with the aforementioned latency of ...
... coincides with the injection of LiC1 (US), or even when the US precedes the CS by 5 to 10 rain. In other words, when the US precedes the CS more than 10 min. no reliable CTAs can be formed. Comparison of such mterstimulus interval effects on CTA acqmsition together with the aforementioned latency of ...
The primate basal ganglia: parallel and integrative networks
... cells of dorsal and ventral tiers. Scale = 100 m. The cells and processes of the dorsal tier indicated by the box are shown magnified in C) revealing the horizontal arrangement of their dendritic processes. Scale = 50 m. VT, ventral tier; DT, dorsal tier. ...
... cells of dorsal and ventral tiers. Scale = 100 m. The cells and processes of the dorsal tier indicated by the box are shown magnified in C) revealing the horizontal arrangement of their dendritic processes. Scale = 50 m. VT, ventral tier; DT, dorsal tier. ...
Methamphetamine Users in Sustained Abstinence
... in human methamphetamine users. In 1 of the first positron emission tomography studies, McCann et al21 reported striatal dopamine transporter abnormalities in methamphetamine-dependent subjects who had remained abstinent for approximately 3 years. In contrast, Volkow et al23,26 reported evidence of ...
... in human methamphetamine users. In 1 of the first positron emission tomography studies, McCann et al21 reported striatal dopamine transporter abnormalities in methamphetamine-dependent subjects who had remained abstinent for approximately 3 years. In contrast, Volkow et al23,26 reported evidence of ...
Apparent Atypical Callosal Dysgenesis
... activity in the germinal matrix and the subsequent migration of these young neurons to form the cortical plate (Fig. 8). He has shown that essentially no developmental activity occurs in a region until the in-growth of these corticopetal fibers is detected . It is therefore plausible that holoprosen ...
... activity in the germinal matrix and the subsequent migration of these young neurons to form the cortical plate (Fig. 8). He has shown that essentially no developmental activity occurs in a region until the in-growth of these corticopetal fibers is detected . It is therefore plausible that holoprosen ...
Functional anatomy of neural circuits regulating fear and extinction
... into postsynaptic sites. This was further confirmed by double- and triple-immunofluorescence (IF) staining for Venus (with use of anti-GFP antibody), Bassoon (presynaptic marker; Fig. 1D), and drebrin (postsynaptic marker; Fig. 1E). Three-dimensional reconstruction of confocal images of individual spi ...
... into postsynaptic sites. This was further confirmed by double- and triple-immunofluorescence (IF) staining for Venus (with use of anti-GFP antibody), Bassoon (presynaptic marker; Fig. 1D), and drebrin (postsynaptic marker; Fig. 1E). Three-dimensional reconstruction of confocal images of individual spi ...
A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study to
... of common brain regions were activated including: ACC, thalamus, insula, prefrontal and parietal cortices. Consistent amygdala and insula hyperactivity has been shown in a range of anxiety disorders and in fear conditioning in healthy subjects, which is interpreted to reflect exaggerated engagement ...
... of common brain regions were activated including: ACC, thalamus, insula, prefrontal and parietal cortices. Consistent amygdala and insula hyperactivity has been shown in a range of anxiety disorders and in fear conditioning in healthy subjects, which is interpreted to reflect exaggerated engagement ...
Anatomical organization of the eye fields in the human and non
... least three distinct regions: the frontal eye field (FEF) (Bruce et al., 1985), the supplementary eye field (SEF) (Schlag and Schlag-Rey, 1987a,b) and the cingulate eye field (CEF) (Gaymard et al., 1998a). The location of these areas is relatively well known and has been established with electrical mic ...
... least three distinct regions: the frontal eye field (FEF) (Bruce et al., 1985), the supplementary eye field (SEF) (Schlag and Schlag-Rey, 1987a,b) and the cingulate eye field (CEF) (Gaymard et al., 1998a). The location of these areas is relatively well known and has been established with electrical mic ...
The response of cat visual cortex to flicker stimuli of variable frequency
... temporally modulated input activity, using the cat visual system as a model. We were particularly interested to see whether the retinothalamo-cortical system exhibits preferences for certain oscillation frequencies and whether these preferences depend on the state of central core modulatory systems. ...
... temporally modulated input activity, using the cat visual system as a model. We were particularly interested to see whether the retinothalamo-cortical system exhibits preferences for certain oscillation frequencies and whether these preferences depend on the state of central core modulatory systems. ...
Multiple routes to memory: Distinct medial
... and generation of an associated spatial mental image. As discussed below, this prediction was confirmed. By contrast, the Read condition failed to yield above-baseline MTL activation; this may reflect the limited associative demands of the read task or the presence of phonological encoding computati ...
... and generation of an associated spatial mental image. As discussed below, this prediction was confirmed. By contrast, the Read condition failed to yield above-baseline MTL activation; this may reflect the limited associative demands of the read task or the presence of phonological encoding computati ...
Motor areas of the frontal lobe by Jarrod Blinch
... nervous system. Topics investigated in my field include human information processing, attention, coordination, sensory and central contributions to motor control, etc. Studies in these areas involve treating the brain like a black box. I can study the stages of information processing without answeri ...
... nervous system. Topics investigated in my field include human information processing, attention, coordination, sensory and central contributions to motor control, etc. Studies in these areas involve treating the brain like a black box. I can study the stages of information processing without answeri ...
Where in the brain is morality?
... judgment. Greene and colleagues were the first to investigate whether brain regions such as the VMPC,3 implicated in emotional processing, are systematically engaged during moral judgment. Rather than contrasting moral to nonmoral stimuli, Greene and colleagues compared different kinds of moral dile ...
... judgment. Greene and colleagues were the first to investigate whether brain regions such as the VMPC,3 implicated in emotional processing, are systematically engaged during moral judgment. Rather than contrasting moral to nonmoral stimuli, Greene and colleagues compared different kinds of moral dile ...
Link
... Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, 4 Department of Psychiatry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, 5 Kliniken Schmieder, Allensbach, Germany ...
... Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, 4 Department of Psychiatry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, 5 Kliniken Schmieder, Allensbach, Germany ...
Hunger Modulates the Responses to Gustatory Stimuli
... caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex (secondary) taste area. Then sensory-specific satiety occurs because in this caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex taste area (but not earlier in the taste system) it is a property of the synapses that repeated stimulation results in a decreased neuronal response. 6. Ev ...
... caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex (secondary) taste area. Then sensory-specific satiety occurs because in this caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex taste area (but not earlier in the taste system) it is a property of the synapses that repeated stimulation results in a decreased neuronal response. 6. Ev ...