Glossary - Baars and Gage
... A generalization of the flanker task, a tool for studying visual attention. The ANT allows testing of three separate aspects of attention: alerting before an expected signal, orienting to a specific location in space where the target is expected, and executive attention to act against expectations s ...
... A generalization of the flanker task, a tool for studying visual attention. The ANT allows testing of three separate aspects of attention: alerting before an expected signal, orienting to a specific location in space where the target is expected, and executive attention to act against expectations s ...
Cortical afferents to the smooth-pursuit region of the macaque
... We located sites in FEFsem by studying the responses of isolated neurons during smooth-pursuit eye tracking and by examining eye movements evoked by electrical stimulation through the tip of the recording electrodes. Parameters of microstimulation and methods of testing pursuit neurons have been des ...
... We located sites in FEFsem by studying the responses of isolated neurons during smooth-pursuit eye tracking and by examining eye movements evoked by electrical stimulation through the tip of the recording electrodes. Parameters of microstimulation and methods of testing pursuit neurons have been des ...
Increased prefrontal activity and reduced motor cortex
... studies have shown that imagery can be used to improve strength related tasks (Ranganathan et al., 2004), but it is still a controversial issue with large individual differences. Although, one must also remember that there are differences between motor imagery and execution, and it has been shown th ...
... studies have shown that imagery can be used to improve strength related tasks (Ranganathan et al., 2004), but it is still a controversial issue with large individual differences. Although, one must also remember that there are differences between motor imagery and execution, and it has been shown th ...
The Neuroscience of Spontaneous Thought: An Evolving
... for recent neuroscientific findings (see Section 4). Although this section has given much weight to process models of spontaneous thought, the content of spontaneous thought is also key, and variability in thought content over time is an important manifestation of its dynamic flow. Additionally, num ...
... for recent neuroscientific findings (see Section 4). Although this section has given much weight to process models of spontaneous thought, the content of spontaneous thought is also key, and variability in thought content over time is an important manifestation of its dynamic flow. Additionally, num ...
Neuronal mechanisms of executive control by the prefrontal cortex
... memory model. Since it would be difficult for a defective central executive to oversee the simultaneous and coordinated operation of two slave systems (the visuospatial sketchpad and the phonological loop) in their model, they proposed that the executive control can be analyzed using a dual-task par ...
... memory model. Since it would be difficult for a defective central executive to oversee the simultaneous and coordinated operation of two slave systems (the visuospatial sketchpad and the phonological loop) in their model, they proposed that the executive control can be analyzed using a dual-task par ...
The History of the EEG
... cross-power spectra yielded 171 coherence values per frequency band. Grand mean values were obtained by averaging amplitude and coherence values across subjects. ...
... cross-power spectra yielded 171 coherence values per frequency band. Grand mean values were obtained by averaging amplitude and coherence values across subjects. ...
PDF
... Serial reconstructions or tangential sections, parallel to the pia and layer 1, reveal that what appear to be columns in cross section have a variety of shapes and sizes. Ocular dominance columns, one of the textbook examples of columnar organization, are actually slab-like domains; and column width ...
... Serial reconstructions or tangential sections, parallel to the pia and layer 1, reveal that what appear to be columns in cross section have a variety of shapes and sizes. Ocular dominance columns, one of the textbook examples of columnar organization, are actually slab-like domains; and column width ...
Roles of Multiple Globus Pallidus Territories of Monkeys and
... virus type 1(HSV-1) and the rabies virus (RV) has revealed connections across synapses (Kelly and Strick, 2000; Dum and Strick, 2013) because these viruses infect neurons and are then transported across synapses in a time-dependent manner. More specifically, the injection of neurotropic viruses into ...
... virus type 1(HSV-1) and the rabies virus (RV) has revealed connections across synapses (Kelly and Strick, 2000; Dum and Strick, 2013) because these viruses infect neurons and are then transported across synapses in a time-dependent manner. More specifically, the injection of neurotropic viruses into ...
multiple reward signals in the brain
... and orbitofrontal cortex discriminates between rewarded and unrewarded trials51,71 (FIG. 3a) and does not occur in anticipation of other predictable task events, such as movement-eliciting stimuli or instruction cues, although such activity is found in other striatal neurons39,67. Delayed delivery o ...
... and orbitofrontal cortex discriminates between rewarded and unrewarded trials51,71 (FIG. 3a) and does not occur in anticipation of other predictable task events, such as movement-eliciting stimuli or instruction cues, although such activity is found in other striatal neurons39,67. Delayed delivery o ...
Aberrant changes of somatostatin and neuropeptide Y in brain of a
... is a genetic epileptic animal model which can manifest tonic convulsions without any external stimuli. The present study aimed to investigate the distribution and expression of SST and NPY in TRM brains, including hippocampus, temporal lobe cortex and cerebellum. Our RT‑PCR data showed that up‑regu ...
... is a genetic epileptic animal model which can manifest tonic convulsions without any external stimuli. The present study aimed to investigate the distribution and expression of SST and NPY in TRM brains, including hippocampus, temporal lobe cortex and cerebellum. Our RT‑PCR data showed that up‑regu ...
Aalborg Universitet Brain plasticity Wang, Li
... the cortex corresponding to its sensory function. The representation area will shrink when the corresponding peripheral part is denervated or the related innervated nerve is deprived. Meanwhile, this inactive area can be taken over by the adjacent representation area, so called cortical plasticity ...
... the cortex corresponding to its sensory function. The representation area will shrink when the corresponding peripheral part is denervated or the related innervated nerve is deprived. Meanwhile, this inactive area can be taken over by the adjacent representation area, so called cortical plasticity ...
Differential Characteristics of Face Neuron Responses Within the
... performance of passive viewing tasks (Perrett et al. 1982, 1985). Moreover, the results of our previous study were consistent with those of studies involving monkeys performing face discrimination tasks (Hasselmo et al. 1989; Young and Yamane 1992). Thus it appears that the functional roles of the a ...
... performance of passive viewing tasks (Perrett et al. 1982, 1985). Moreover, the results of our previous study were consistent with those of studies involving monkeys performing face discrimination tasks (Hasselmo et al. 1989; Young and Yamane 1992). Thus it appears that the functional roles of the a ...
Leading tonically active neurons of the striatum from reward
... Compared with TANs, DA neurons are less frequently responsive to stimuli having an aversive value [15]. Also, TANs appear to be able to discriminate between motivationally opposing stimuli on the basis of the differential temporal structure of responses [22,25]. This latter point has been called i ...
... Compared with TANs, DA neurons are less frequently responsive to stimuli having an aversive value [15]. Also, TANs appear to be able to discriminate between motivationally opposing stimuli on the basis of the differential temporal structure of responses [22,25]. This latter point has been called i ...
Neural coding of basic reward terms of animal
... found that neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex show higher activation when expecting a small piece of apple than when expecting cereal. However, when in another trial block the cereal is replaced by a piece of raisin that is even more preferred by the animal, the same neurons show higher activity fo ...
... found that neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex show higher activation when expecting a small piece of apple than when expecting cereal. However, when in another trial block the cereal is replaced by a piece of raisin that is even more preferred by the animal, the same neurons show higher activity fo ...
cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses
... effects of VGP include effects on verbal memory, some types of attention, sleep, learning and knowledge.2–4 Furthermore, in imaging studies, VGP was shown to cause substantial dopamine release in the dopaminergic system5 as well as addiction.6 Previous cross-sectional studies have revealed that chil ...
... effects of VGP include effects on verbal memory, some types of attention, sleep, learning and knowledge.2–4 Furthermore, in imaging studies, VGP was shown to cause substantial dopamine release in the dopaminergic system5 as well as addiction.6 Previous cross-sectional studies have revealed that chil ...
Enhanced Perceptual Functioning in Autism
... within a single framework, of both superior performance in one-dimensional discrimination (e.g.: pitch) and superior ability to recognize visual patterns (e.g.: hyperlexia). According to the EPF model, superiority of perceptual flow of information in comparison to higher-order operations led to an at ...
... within a single framework, of both superior performance in one-dimensional discrimination (e.g.: pitch) and superior ability to recognize visual patterns (e.g.: hyperlexia). According to the EPF model, superiority of perceptual flow of information in comparison to higher-order operations led to an at ...
- Journal of Adolescent Health
... number of damaged cells in the hippocampus because of corticosterone exposure was associated with the magnitude of deficits in learning [12]. In human studies of patients with Cushing’s disease, characterized by excessive release of cortisol over long periods, hippocampal volume reductions on neuroim ...
... number of damaged cells in the hippocampus because of corticosterone exposure was associated with the magnitude of deficits in learning [12]. In human studies of patients with Cushing’s disease, characterized by excessive release of cortisol over long periods, hippocampal volume reductions on neuroim ...
Orbitofrontal Cortex Encodes Willingness to Pay
... response boxes with their right hand and on the bidding procedure. To money” to purchase food from us. Whatever money they did not spend avoid activation artifacts caused by the assignment of buttons to bid was theirs to keep. amounts, the assignment was counterbalanced across subjects. Subjects pla ...
... response boxes with their right hand and on the bidding procedure. To money” to purchase food from us. Whatever money they did not spend avoid activation artifacts caused by the assignment of buttons to bid was theirs to keep. amounts, the assignment was counterbalanced across subjects. Subjects pla ...
The effect of lithium on the adrenoceptor
... reported in the cortex and hippocampus of people who have committed suicide and have a retrospective diagnosis of depression.8 In contrast, increased α2-AR–agonist binding in the cortex and hippocampus of depressed individuals who have committed suicide has also been reported.9 There is evidence for ...
... reported in the cortex and hippocampus of people who have committed suicide and have a retrospective diagnosis of depression.8 In contrast, increased α2-AR–agonist binding in the cortex and hippocampus of depressed individuals who have committed suicide has also been reported.9 There is evidence for ...
Human frequency-following response: representation of pitch
... hypothesis. In their electrophysiological study, Cariani and Delgutte (1996) recorded responses of cat auditory nerve ¢bers and combined interval distributions from many ¢bers to form an estimate of population interval distribution in the entire auditory nerve. Many deep correspondences between feat ...
... hypothesis. In their electrophysiological study, Cariani and Delgutte (1996) recorded responses of cat auditory nerve ¢bers and combined interval distributions from many ¢bers to form an estimate of population interval distribution in the entire auditory nerve. Many deep correspondences between feat ...
Neural correlates of attention in primate visual cortex
... effects in the presumed human homolog31–33. By now, imaging studies had traced these attentional effects on motion processing all the way back to V1 (Refs 34,35). Taken together, these studies demonstrate that attention influences processing in both pathways from the beginning, but they also indicat ...
... effects in the presumed human homolog31–33. By now, imaging studies had traced these attentional effects on motion processing all the way back to V1 (Refs 34,35). Taken together, these studies demonstrate that attention influences processing in both pathways from the beginning, but they also indicat ...
Lecture Guide - TestbankCart.com
... where all the higher mental functions occur, such as planning, language, and complex decision making. D. THE ASSOCIATION AREAS OF THE CORTEX (p. 76) Learning Objective 2.10 – What parts of the cortex are responsible for higher forms of thought, such as language? 1. Association areas of the cortex ar ...
... where all the higher mental functions occur, such as planning, language, and complex decision making. D. THE ASSOCIATION AREAS OF THE CORTEX (p. 76) Learning Objective 2.10 – What parts of the cortex are responsible for higher forms of thought, such as language? 1. Association areas of the cortex ar ...
Functional Properties of Parietal Visual Neurons: Mechanisms of
... The directional mechanisms of PVNs were studied by comparing the responses evoked by stimuli moving in opposite directions along a meridian of 100” extent, centered on the point of fixation (full-field stimuli), with those evoked by stimuli that moved along 40”, 20”, and lo” segments of such an axis ...
... The directional mechanisms of PVNs were studied by comparing the responses evoked by stimuli moving in opposite directions along a meridian of 100” extent, centered on the point of fixation (full-field stimuli), with those evoked by stimuli that moved along 40”, 20”, and lo” segments of such an axis ...
Study Objectives
... 5. Describe Sperry's and Gazzaniga's work with split-brain patients. What did their results reveal about the functions of the two cerebral hemispheres? 6. Define aphasia and list at least three main types of aphasia. 7. Describe the respective locations of Wernicke's area and Broca's area. 8. Summar ...
... 5. Describe Sperry's and Gazzaniga's work with split-brain patients. What did their results reveal about the functions of the two cerebral hemispheres? 6. Define aphasia and list at least three main types of aphasia. 7. Describe the respective locations of Wernicke's area and Broca's area. 8. Summar ...
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... Tanji J, Hoshi E. Role of the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex in Executive Behavioral Control. Physiol Rev 88: 37–57, 2008; doi:10.1152/physrev.00014.2007.—The lateral prefrontal cortex is critically involved in broad aspects of executive behavioral control. Early studies emphasized its role in the short- ...
... Tanji J, Hoshi E. Role of the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex in Executive Behavioral Control. Physiol Rev 88: 37–57, 2008; doi:10.1152/physrev.00014.2007.—The lateral prefrontal cortex is critically involved in broad aspects of executive behavioral control. Early studies emphasized its role in the short- ...