Chapter 14: Integration of Nervous System Functions
... A baseball pitcher was hit on the side of the head by a line drive. When he was revived, he could not remember how many balls and strikes the batter had. This was because A) short-term memory had not been converted to sensory memory. B) he lost both sensory and short-term memory. C) long-term memory ...
... A baseball pitcher was hit on the side of the head by a line drive. When he was revived, he could not remember how many balls and strikes the batter had. This was because A) short-term memory had not been converted to sensory memory. B) he lost both sensory and short-term memory. C) long-term memory ...
The functional role of dorso-lateral premotor cortex
... and von Cramon, 2003). Schubotz and von Cramon (2001), for example, found that bilateral dorsal premotor cortex plays an important role in the attention to the spatial location and orientation of sensory events. The same group (Wolfensteller et al., 2004) recently replicated and extended this findin ...
... and von Cramon, 2003). Schubotz and von Cramon (2001), for example, found that bilateral dorsal premotor cortex plays an important role in the attention to the spatial location and orientation of sensory events. The same group (Wolfensteller et al., 2004) recently replicated and extended this findin ...
Cardiovascular and autonomic modulation by
... neurons of the PVN to the NTS and other bulbar areas are involved in both reflex control of the heart and adjustments of the HR during dynamic exercise. Within the solitary-vagal complex (NTS + DMV), OT stimulates autonomic neurons, thereby improving vagal outflow to the heart to augment reflex brad ...
... neurons of the PVN to the NTS and other bulbar areas are involved in both reflex control of the heart and adjustments of the HR during dynamic exercise. Within the solitary-vagal complex (NTS + DMV), OT stimulates autonomic neurons, thereby improving vagal outflow to the heart to augment reflex brad ...
Projections of the amygdala to the thalamus in the cynomolgus
... large majority joined the inferior thalamic peduncle and entered the rostral head of the thalamus where they turned caudally toward their targets. A small number of amygdalothalamic fibers may also run in the stria terminalis. Key words: amygdala, thalamus, monkey ...
... large majority joined the inferior thalamic peduncle and entered the rostral head of the thalamus where they turned caudally toward their targets. A small number of amygdalothalamic fibers may also run in the stria terminalis. Key words: amygdala, thalamus, monkey ...
Olfaction in Invertebrates: Manduca. In: Squire LR (ed). Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, vol 7, pp 49-57. Oxford: Academic Press.
... first few minutes after odor presentation, correlations between the spontaneous activity fluctuations suffice to reconstruct the stimulus. These results were interpreted to reflect modifiable fluctuations as substrates for Hebbian reverberations and sensory memory, a mechanism that might well be gen ...
... first few minutes after odor presentation, correlations between the spontaneous activity fluctuations suffice to reconstruct the stimulus. These results were interpreted to reflect modifiable fluctuations as substrates for Hebbian reverberations and sensory memory, a mechanism that might well be gen ...
The Human Expression of Symmetry: Art and - Smith
... A survey of portraits over the past two millennia revealed that one eye has tended to be placed symmetrically at or near the vertical axis of the canvas throughout history. This placement violates the inherent symmetry of the face and body, which is placed asymmetrically, but expresses a deeper symm ...
... A survey of portraits over the past two millennia revealed that one eye has tended to be placed symmetrically at or near the vertical axis of the canvas throughout history. This placement violates the inherent symmetry of the face and body, which is placed asymmetrically, but expresses a deeper symm ...
Processes Changes in Acetylcholine Extracellular Levels
... cholinergic deafferentation to the cortex and hippocampus and a significant decrease in ACh release from these structures (Rossner et al. 1995). All behavioral studies performed in rats with i.c.v. injections of 192IgG-saporin indicate that only very extensive lesions involving >90% of cholinergic n ...
... cholinergic deafferentation to the cortex and hippocampus and a significant decrease in ACh release from these structures (Rossner et al. 1995). All behavioral studies performed in rats with i.c.v. injections of 192IgG-saporin indicate that only very extensive lesions involving >90% of cholinergic n ...
L
... person loses awareness). It is at this point that it becomes a complex partial seizure. In some cases, simple partial and complex partial seizures will spread to both hemispheres. When this occurs, the resulting tonic-clonic seizure is referred to as a secondarily generalized.1 A detailed history an ...
... person loses awareness). It is at this point that it becomes a complex partial seizure. In some cases, simple partial and complex partial seizures will spread to both hemispheres. When this occurs, the resulting tonic-clonic seizure is referred to as a secondarily generalized.1 A detailed history an ...
pdf, 1 MiB - Infoscience
... anatomical connection studies and more specifically for tractography. We applied textmining models to three structures: two well-studied structures, since validated deep brain stimulation targets, the internal globus pallidus and the subthalamic nucleus and, the nucleus accumbens, an exploratory tar ...
... anatomical connection studies and more specifically for tractography. We applied textmining models to three structures: two well-studied structures, since validated deep brain stimulation targets, the internal globus pallidus and the subthalamic nucleus and, the nucleus accumbens, an exploratory tar ...
Cortical evolution and development: Conserved
... into neural coding in both sensory and motor systems (and they were, but not in the way anticipated). Researchers imagined isomorphic specializations in the nervous systems of both the senders and the receivers, from the sensory periphery on into the central nervous system. While there must be some ...
... into neural coding in both sensory and motor systems (and they were, but not in the way anticipated). Researchers imagined isomorphic specializations in the nervous systems of both the senders and the receivers, from the sensory periphery on into the central nervous system. While there must be some ...
An Animal Model of Early-treated PKU
... levels of HVA in medial prefrontal cortex were the only neurochemical effect that significantly correlated with every measure of performance on the delayed alternation task. This study provides evidence of deleterious effects from mild elevations in the levels of Phe in plasma previously considered ...
... levels of HVA in medial prefrontal cortex were the only neurochemical effect that significantly correlated with every measure of performance on the delayed alternation task. This study provides evidence of deleterious effects from mild elevations in the levels of Phe in plasma previously considered ...
The Orbitofrontal Cortex and Reward
... Takagi, Tanabe and colleagues (Takagi, 1991) described single neurons in the macaque orbitofrontal cortex that were activated by odors. A ventral frontal region has been implicated in olfactory processing in humans (Jones-Gotman and Zatorre, 1988; Zatorre and Jones-Gotman, 1991; Zatorre et al., 1992 ...
... Takagi, Tanabe and colleagues (Takagi, 1991) described single neurons in the macaque orbitofrontal cortex that were activated by odors. A ventral frontal region has been implicated in olfactory processing in humans (Jones-Gotman and Zatorre, 1988; Zatorre and Jones-Gotman, 1991; Zatorre et al., 1992 ...
Zoology 242 Anatomy of Nervous systems Lecture 8
... What are the major divisions of the autonomic nervous systems and what are their effects on different effectors? Define preganglionic and post ganglionic neuron. Compare and contrast the organization of the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous ...
... What are the major divisions of the autonomic nervous systems and what are their effects on different effectors? Define preganglionic and post ganglionic neuron. Compare and contrast the organization of the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous ...
Features of Neuronal Synchrony in Mouse Visual Cortex
... been hypothesized to play a role in defining cell assemblies representing particular constellations of stimulus features. In many systems and species, synchronization is accompanied by an oscillatory response modulation at frequencies in the ␥-band. The cellular mechanisms underlying these phenomena ...
... been hypothesized to play a role in defining cell assemblies representing particular constellations of stimulus features. In many systems and species, synchronization is accompanied by an oscillatory response modulation at frequencies in the ␥-band. The cellular mechanisms underlying these phenomena ...
Role of Prefrontal and Parietal Cortices in Associative - ACT-R
... Dosenbach et al. 2006). They argue that activity in all these regions may reflect more general processes than just memory. Based on the ACT-R theory (Anderson, Bothell, et al. 2004), we have developed an interpretation of the activity in this circuit (e.g., Anderson 2005; Anderson et al. 2007; Danker ...
... Dosenbach et al. 2006). They argue that activity in all these regions may reflect more general processes than just memory. Based on the ACT-R theory (Anderson, Bothell, et al. 2004), we have developed an interpretation of the activity in this circuit (e.g., Anderson 2005; Anderson et al. 2007; Danker ...
LESSON 3.4 WORKBOOK
... limb pain. Doctors do not completely understand why this is. One factor known to be important is whether the limb was in pain prior to amputation. If the real limb was in pain prior to amputation, then there is a high chance that the phantom limb will be painful too, presumably because the brain is ...
... limb pain. Doctors do not completely understand why this is. One factor known to be important is whether the limb was in pain prior to amputation. If the real limb was in pain prior to amputation, then there is a high chance that the phantom limb will be painful too, presumably because the brain is ...
The Representation of Complex Images in Spatial Frequency
... well separated SF domains in cat area 17. The relative phase of the sine wave gratings was fixed to zero, such that the pair moved as a coherent whole. Both sinusoidal components therefore moved with the same speed, but each component grating had a different TF because they had different SFs. Exampl ...
... well separated SF domains in cat area 17. The relative phase of the sine wave gratings was fixed to zero, such that the pair moved as a coherent whole. Both sinusoidal components therefore moved with the same speed, but each component grating had a different TF because they had different SFs. Exampl ...
MAY 5, 2000 Submitted to the Annual Review of Neuroscience AN
... neuroimaging studies have begun to provide a broad view of the task conditions under which it is engaged. However, an understanding of the mechanisms by which PFC executes control has remained elusive. The aim of this article is to describe a theory of PFC function that integrates these diverse find ...
... neuroimaging studies have begun to provide a broad view of the task conditions under which it is engaged. However, an understanding of the mechanisms by which PFC executes control has remained elusive. The aim of this article is to describe a theory of PFC function that integrates these diverse find ...
Placing prediction into the fear circuit
... The firing of these neurons conforms to assumptions of associative learning models [18,19] and their output is thought to serve as a teaching signal instructing plasticity in the striatum. The canonical findings from recordings in primates during Pavlovian appetitive conditioning are that midbrain D ...
... The firing of these neurons conforms to assumptions of associative learning models [18,19] and their output is thought to serve as a teaching signal instructing plasticity in the striatum. The canonical findings from recordings in primates during Pavlovian appetitive conditioning are that midbrain D ...
The Distribution of Tyrosine Hydroxylase
... Comparison of these distribution patterns with those produced by an antiserum directed against dopamine-&hydroxylase (DBH), a specific marker of neocortical noradrenergic axons, revealed marked differences. DBH-immunoreactive fibers were observed in some cortical locations where few or no TH-labeled ...
... Comparison of these distribution patterns with those produced by an antiserum directed against dopamine-&hydroxylase (DBH), a specific marker of neocortical noradrenergic axons, revealed marked differences. DBH-immunoreactive fibers were observed in some cortical locations where few or no TH-labeled ...
The relation of emotions to placebo responses
... more frequently in the future, termed positive reinforcement [37]. The pleasant stimulus produced by the behaviour is called a ‘reinforcer’, and is any stimulus that the organism will behave in a way to obtain. Typical primary reinforcers are food, sex and drugs of abuse. Similarly, negative reinfor ...
... more frequently in the future, termed positive reinforcement [37]. The pleasant stimulus produced by the behaviour is called a ‘reinforcer’, and is any stimulus that the organism will behave in a way to obtain. Typical primary reinforcers are food, sex and drugs of abuse. Similarly, negative reinfor ...
The relation of emotions to placebo responses
... more frequently in the future, termed positive reinforcement [37]. The pleasant stimulus produced by the behaviour is called a ‘reinforcer’, and is any stimulus that the organism will behave in a way to obtain. Typical primary reinforcers are food, sex and drugs of abuse. Similarly, negative reinfor ...
... more frequently in the future, termed positive reinforcement [37]. The pleasant stimulus produced by the behaviour is called a ‘reinforcer’, and is any stimulus that the organism will behave in a way to obtain. Typical primary reinforcers are food, sex and drugs of abuse. Similarly, negative reinfor ...
Hippocampal contributions to language
... Figure 4. Internal to overall ratio across multiple tellings for hippocampal amnesics and healthy comparison participants.........................................................................92! Figure 5. Consistency data for multiple tellings for hippocampal amnesics and the healthy comparison p ...
... Figure 4. Internal to overall ratio across multiple tellings for hippocampal amnesics and healthy comparison participants.........................................................................92! Figure 5. Consistency data for multiple tellings for hippocampal amnesics and the healthy comparison p ...
Topographic Maps in Human Frontal Cortex Revealed in Memory
... directions and memorized locations predominantly in the contralateral hemifield with neighboring saccade directions and memorized locations represented in adjacent locations of the map. Particular saccade directions or memorized locations were often represented in multiple locations of the map. The ...
... directions and memorized locations predominantly in the contralateral hemifield with neighboring saccade directions and memorized locations represented in adjacent locations of the map. Particular saccade directions or memorized locations were often represented in multiple locations of the map. The ...
The Neural Basis of Human Error Processing: Reinforcement
... cingulate cortex. On the other hand, other researchers have argued that the mesencephalic dopamine system conveys reinforcement learning signals to the basal ganglia and frontal cortex, where they are used to facilitate the development of adaptive motor programs. Although the reinforcement learning ...
... cingulate cortex. On the other hand, other researchers have argued that the mesencephalic dopamine system conveys reinforcement learning signals to the basal ganglia and frontal cortex, where they are used to facilitate the development of adaptive motor programs. Although the reinforcement learning ...