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... of rat posterior auditory field (PAF) neurons, we compared neurophysiological responses to simple tones, frequency modulated (FM) sweeps, and amplitude modulated noise and tones with responses of primary auditory cortex (A1) neurons. PAF neurons have excitatory receptive fields that are on average 6 ...
... of rat posterior auditory field (PAF) neurons, we compared neurophysiological responses to simple tones, frequency modulated (FM) sweeps, and amplitude modulated noise and tones with responses of primary auditory cortex (A1) neurons. PAF neurons have excitatory receptive fields that are on average 6 ...
4 - Radboud Repository
... how easily glucocorticoids can bind to them. The MR is mostly expressed in the hippocampus, the amygdala, lateral septum, parts of the prefrontal cortex, and the cerebellum (Arriza et al, 1988). These structures are among others associated with cognitive functions such as spatial orientation, detect ...
... how easily glucocorticoids can bind to them. The MR is mostly expressed in the hippocampus, the amygdala, lateral septum, parts of the prefrontal cortex, and the cerebellum (Arriza et al, 1988). These structures are among others associated with cognitive functions such as spatial orientation, detect ...
Magnocellular and Parvocellular Contributions to
... observations support this hypothesis. For example, recent behavioral studieshave shownthat animalswith selective lesions of either the magnocellular or the parvocellular LGN are impaired on different types of visual tasks(Merigan et al., 1989a,b; Schiller et al., 1990). Another body of supporting ob ...
... observations support this hypothesis. For example, recent behavioral studieshave shownthat animalswith selective lesions of either the magnocellular or the parvocellular LGN are impaired on different types of visual tasks(Merigan et al., 1989a,b; Schiller et al., 1990). Another body of supporting ob ...
Neural Mechanisms of Reward in Insects - Chittka Lab
... rewarding properties themselves. Because rewards are so pivotal to the operation of behavior, it is hardly surprising that the study of how rewards are processed by the brain has become a prominent neuroscience discipline. Most research has been performed with vertebrate model systems, but insect be ...
... rewarding properties themselves. Because rewards are so pivotal to the operation of behavior, it is hardly surprising that the study of how rewards are processed by the brain has become a prominent neuroscience discipline. Most research has been performed with vertebrate model systems, but insect be ...
Cortical and subcortical afferents to the nucleus reticularis tegmenti
... design of future physiological studies would benefit greatly from a better understanding of the anatomic details. What are needed are injections of tract tracers into the pons to show possible cortical and subcortical afferent sources that previously have not been apparent in “top–down”, cortico-cen ...
... design of future physiological studies would benefit greatly from a better understanding of the anatomic details. What are needed are injections of tract tracers into the pons to show possible cortical and subcortical afferent sources that previously have not been apparent in “top–down”, cortico-cen ...
Propagation of Epileptiform Events across the Corpus Callosum in a
... The corpus callosum is the largest white matter tract connecting the two hemispheres in eutherians, and ablation of the anterior corpus callosum (callosotomy) can be an effective treatment for otherwise intractable epilepsy in humans [1–3]. In non-humans, it has been shown that bilateral synchrony o ...
... The corpus callosum is the largest white matter tract connecting the two hemispheres in eutherians, and ablation of the anterior corpus callosum (callosotomy) can be an effective treatment for otherwise intractable epilepsy in humans [1–3]. In non-humans, it has been shown that bilateral synchrony o ...
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... 16) What happens when a neuron is sufficiently stimulated by incoming signals from other neurons that ion channels open and positive ions move into a neuron. a. The cell goes into refraction. b. An action potential occurs. Correct: An action potential of a neuron occurs when a critical balance of ne ...
... 16) What happens when a neuron is sufficiently stimulated by incoming signals from other neurons that ion channels open and positive ions move into a neuron. a. The cell goes into refraction. b. An action potential occurs. Correct: An action potential of a neuron occurs when a critical balance of ne ...
Mechanisms Underlying the Cardioinhibitory and Pressor
... SAP and vertebral nerve activity (VNA) were recorded. Neurons in the FTG, NA, DMV and CVLM were stimulated by microinjection of sodium glutamate (25 mM Glu, 70 nl). To study if the NA, DMV, and CVLM relayed the cardioinhibitory messages from the FTG, 24 mM kainic acid (KA, 100 nl) was used as an exc ...
... SAP and vertebral nerve activity (VNA) were recorded. Neurons in the FTG, NA, DMV and CVLM were stimulated by microinjection of sodium glutamate (25 mM Glu, 70 nl). To study if the NA, DMV, and CVLM relayed the cardioinhibitory messages from the FTG, 24 mM kainic acid (KA, 100 nl) was used as an exc ...
ANS: c, p. 42, F, LO=2.1, (1)
... c) reticular formation d) cerebellum 8. If you have a problem remembering things that happened a year ago, doctors might check for damage to the ___________ area of the brain. a) hippocampus b) hypothalamus c) fornix d) amygdala ...
... c) reticular formation d) cerebellum 8. If you have a problem remembering things that happened a year ago, doctors might check for damage to the ___________ area of the brain. a) hippocampus b) hypothalamus c) fornix d) amygdala ...
response inhibition is differentially related to instrumental and
... Tauber, Klein, et al. 2013). Frontal areas regulate aggressive behavior with their inhibitory input into subcortical structures that are involved in aggression (Nelson & Trainor, 2007). In line with this, low baseline activity in the prefrontal cortex has been associated with increased reactive aggr ...
... Tauber, Klein, et al. 2013). Frontal areas regulate aggressive behavior with their inhibitory input into subcortical structures that are involved in aggression (Nelson & Trainor, 2007). In line with this, low baseline activity in the prefrontal cortex has been associated with increased reactive aggr ...
Attention induces synchronization-based response gain in steady
... (or activity) gain in terms of increased phase locking of population activity to stimulus flicker, SSVEP amplitudes might be sensitive enough to demonstrate response (or activity) gain. Indeed, some of the data reported in a prior SSVEP study2 are suggestive of multiplicative attention effects on SS ...
... (or activity) gain in terms of increased phase locking of population activity to stimulus flicker, SSVEP amplitudes might be sensitive enough to demonstrate response (or activity) gain. Indeed, some of the data reported in a prior SSVEP study2 are suggestive of multiplicative attention effects on SS ...
Cortisol modifies extinction learning of recently acquired fear in men
... (1 mm2 surface each) attached to the middle of the left shin. UCS intensity was set individually using a gradually increasing procedure to achieve an ‘unpleasant but not painful’ level of sensation. The conditioning experiment consisted of an acquisition and an extinction phase (Figure 1A). The cond ...
... (1 mm2 surface each) attached to the middle of the left shin. UCS intensity was set individually using a gradually increasing procedure to achieve an ‘unpleasant but not painful’ level of sensation. The conditioning experiment consisted of an acquisition and an extinction phase (Figure 1A). The cond ...
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... c) evolutionary d) archaeological ANS: c, p. 42, F/D, Difficulty=1 2-8. Which of the following is NOT true about evolution? a) Evolution works to improve reproductive success. b) Evolution is a very well-established theory that continues to accumulate supportive data. c) There is no conscious plan o ...
... c) evolutionary d) archaeological ANS: c, p. 42, F/D, Difficulty=1 2-8. Which of the following is NOT true about evolution? a) Evolution works to improve reproductive success. b) Evolution is a very well-established theory that continues to accumulate supportive data. c) There is no conscious plan o ...
Executive Control Over Cognition: Stronger and Earlier Rule
... as a boundary cue. We varied the order of presentation of these stimuli, using either a sample– boundary sequence or a boundary–sample sequence. A, Categorizing stimuli according to the left/right (LR) rule under the sample– boundary sequence. Trials began with the presentation of a central gaze fix ...
... as a boundary cue. We varied the order of presentation of these stimuli, using either a sample– boundary sequence or a boundary–sample sequence. A, Categorizing stimuli according to the left/right (LR) rule under the sample– boundary sequence. Trials began with the presentation of a central gaze fix ...
Specificity in Inhibitory Systems Associated with Prefrontal Pathways to
... to inhibitory neurons labeled for calbindin (CB) or parvalbumin (PV), which differ in mode of inhibition. Projection neurons in area 10 originated mostly in layers 2--3 and were intermingled with CB inhibitory neurons. In contrast, projections from area 32 originated predominantly in layers 5--6 amo ...
... to inhibitory neurons labeled for calbindin (CB) or parvalbumin (PV), which differ in mode of inhibition. Projection neurons in area 10 originated mostly in layers 2--3 and were intermingled with CB inhibitory neurons. In contrast, projections from area 32 originated predominantly in layers 5--6 amo ...
ITI-signals and prelimbic cortex facilitate avoidance acquisition and
... oncoming noxious stimuli (threat) and/or periods when aversive stimuli are never present (i.e., safety). Individuals with anxiety disorders commonly do not react to signals associated with safety in the same manner as controls (Rachman, 1984; Grillon, 2002; Schmidt et al., 2006; Lohr et al., 2007; J ...
... oncoming noxious stimuli (threat) and/or periods when aversive stimuli are never present (i.e., safety). Individuals with anxiety disorders commonly do not react to signals associated with safety in the same manner as controls (Rachman, 1984; Grillon, 2002; Schmidt et al., 2006; Lohr et al., 2007; J ...
Cortisol modifies extinction learning of recently acquired fear in men
... (1 mm2 surface each) attached to the middle of the left shin. UCS intensity was set individually using a gradually increasing procedure to achieve an ‘unpleasant but not painful’ level of sensation. The conditioning experiment consisted of an acquisition and an extinction phase (Figure 1A). The cond ...
... (1 mm2 surface each) attached to the middle of the left shin. UCS intensity was set individually using a gradually increasing procedure to achieve an ‘unpleasant but not painful’ level of sensation. The conditioning experiment consisted of an acquisition and an extinction phase (Figure 1A). The cond ...
Neurobiological Mechanisms of the Placebo Effect
... of parkinsonian patients. In addition, it has been found that expectations of poor versus good motor performance modulate the therapeutic effect of subthalamic nucleus stimulation in parkinsonian patients who had undergone chronic implantation of electrodes for deep brain stimulation (DBS). In fact, ...
... of parkinsonian patients. In addition, it has been found that expectations of poor versus good motor performance modulate the therapeutic effect of subthalamic nucleus stimulation in parkinsonian patients who had undergone chronic implantation of electrodes for deep brain stimulation (DBS). In fact, ...
The what, where and how of auditory
... Auditory stimuli can be grouped into objects using what are known as sequential grouping cues11. Sequential grouping cues enable temporal sequences of sounds to be assigned to a common source: panel a of the figure shows a visual analogy in which the sets of letters are grouped into two words becaus ...
... Auditory stimuli can be grouped into objects using what are known as sequential grouping cues11. Sequential grouping cues enable temporal sequences of sounds to be assigned to a common source: panel a of the figure shows a visual analogy in which the sets of letters are grouped into two words becaus ...
Functional neuroanatomy of the primate isocortical motor system
... and transform different aspects of sensory information into appropriate motor commands. The aim of this review is to give a concise overview of the anatomical and functional organization of the agranular frontal isocortex in macaques and to discuss possible mechanisms how parietal and frontal areas ...
... and transform different aspects of sensory information into appropriate motor commands. The aim of this review is to give a concise overview of the anatomical and functional organization of the agranular frontal isocortex in macaques and to discuss possible mechanisms how parietal and frontal areas ...
Interactions between amygdala central nucleus and the ventral
... the first 5-s CS period and (B) CRs during the last 5-s CS period. (C, D) CRs during the first 5-s period and ORs during the last 5-s period, respectively. Contra refers to rats that received lesions of the CeA in one hemisphere and of the VTA in the other hemisphere, ipsi refers to rats that received ...
... the first 5-s CS period and (B) CRs during the last 5-s CS period. (C, D) CRs during the first 5-s period and ORs during the last 5-s period, respectively. Contra refers to rats that received lesions of the CeA in one hemisphere and of the VTA in the other hemisphere, ipsi refers to rats that received ...
Neurophysiology of synesthesia. - Hal-CEA
... Synesthesia is an experience in which stimulation in one sensory or cognitive stream leads to associated experiences in a second, unstimulated stream. The stimulus which elicits a synesthetic experience is called the inducer, the additional sensations are called concurrents, and various forms of syn ...
... Synesthesia is an experience in which stimulation in one sensory or cognitive stream leads to associated experiences in a second, unstimulated stream. The stimulus which elicits a synesthetic experience is called the inducer, the additional sensations are called concurrents, and various forms of syn ...
Inactivation of Parietal and Prefrontal Cortex Reveals
... of these subpopulations were matched to a greater extent (Chafee and Goldman-Rakic 1998) than could be gleaned from independent studies of the two populations using similar, but not identical, tasks (Andersen et al. 1990b; Bruce and Goldberg 1985; Funahashi et al. 1989 –1991; Gnadt and Andersen 1988 ...
... of these subpopulations were matched to a greater extent (Chafee and Goldman-Rakic 1998) than could be gleaned from independent studies of the two populations using similar, but not identical, tasks (Andersen et al. 1990b; Bruce and Goldberg 1985; Funahashi et al. 1989 –1991; Gnadt and Andersen 1988 ...