View/Open - DukeSpace
... have been the salient questions driving SEF research in the past decade. The mystery is whether the SEF does something important even if it is unconcerned with the details of making individual movements. From the first studies of Schlag and Schlag-Rey it was recognized that the SEF might play a spec ...
... have been the salient questions driving SEF research in the past decade. The mystery is whether the SEF does something important even if it is unconcerned with the details of making individual movements. From the first studies of Schlag and Schlag-Rey it was recognized that the SEF might play a spec ...
... the process that mediates sustained effort, is partially modulated by DA in the prefrontal cortex (PFC)(16) . Now, it is known that methylphenidate not only inhibits the dopamine transporter but also the norepinephrine transporter, and that amphetamines affect all three monoamines, including seroton ...
Convergence, Divergence, Pupillary Reactions and
... a restricted area on the gyrus compositus posterior of the cat and induced constriction of both pupils. I n the cat, Barris ('36) obtained bilateral and equal pupillary constriction from stimulation of the lower end of the inferior portion of the posterior lateral gyrus. The degree of pupillary cons ...
... a restricted area on the gyrus compositus posterior of the cat and induced constriction of both pupils. I n the cat, Barris ('36) obtained bilateral and equal pupillary constriction from stimulation of the lower end of the inferior portion of the posterior lateral gyrus. The degree of pupillary cons ...
GABA-Based Evaluation of Neurologic Conditions: MR Spectroscopy
... would be expected to share these brain chemistry changes, especially with demonstrated histologic loss of GABAergic neurons and decreased plasma GABA levels.52,53 Angiogenesis may involve GABAergic dysfunction, allowing increased neural excitability as suggested by the effectiveness of benzodiazepin ...
... would be expected to share these brain chemistry changes, especially with demonstrated histologic loss of GABAergic neurons and decreased plasma GABA levels.52,53 Angiogenesis may involve GABAergic dysfunction, allowing increased neural excitability as suggested by the effectiveness of benzodiazepin ...
Selective attention through selective neuronal synchronization
... These findings demonstrate that top-down control restructures cortical activity to sensory inputs across distant cortical sites on a rapid time scale. Attention amplifies almost instantaneously (i.e. with the sensory response latency) the influence of local groups of neurons conveying behavioral rel ...
... These findings demonstrate that top-down control restructures cortical activity to sensory inputs across distant cortical sites on a rapid time scale. Attention amplifies almost instantaneously (i.e. with the sensory response latency) the influence of local groups of neurons conveying behavioral rel ...
Auditory Pathways and Processes
... 2007). The impairment is not due to a disorder of attention, cognition, or language, although these may be comorbid. When they are comorbid, the auditory processing deficit or dysfunction is not caused by the other disorder(s). In light of this definition, an APD is not a discrete diagnostic entity ...
... 2007). The impairment is not due to a disorder of attention, cognition, or language, although these may be comorbid. When they are comorbid, the auditory processing deficit or dysfunction is not caused by the other disorder(s). In light of this definition, an APD is not a discrete diagnostic entity ...
1
... suggest an important role of the cerebellum. However, nearly all these studies are based on the analysis of apriori selected regions of interest (known as ROI approaches). Recent studies, using more global approaches, found that ADHD structural abnormalities were not limited to fronto-striatal-cereb ...
... suggest an important role of the cerebellum. However, nearly all these studies are based on the analysis of apriori selected regions of interest (known as ROI approaches). Recent studies, using more global approaches, found that ADHD structural abnormalities were not limited to fronto-striatal-cereb ...
NORMATIVE AND PATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF AVERSIVE
... and associated organismic factors in anxiety disorders remains limited. First, there is an exclusive focus on fear learning, despite research suggesting that disgust is the primary emotional response to threat in certain anxiety disorders. Second, relatively little is known about the effects of aver ...
... and associated organismic factors in anxiety disorders remains limited. First, there is an exclusive focus on fear learning, despite research suggesting that disgust is the primary emotional response to threat in certain anxiety disorders. Second, relatively little is known about the effects of aver ...
Early Sensory Pathways for Detection of Fearful Conditioned Stimuli
... trained to detect an electrical somatosensory stimulus delivered to the whisker pad in an active avoidance task were able to detect this CS and perform the task when a reversible or irreversible lesion was placed in either the somatosensory thalamus or the superior colliculus contralateral to the CS ...
... trained to detect an electrical somatosensory stimulus delivered to the whisker pad in an active avoidance task were able to detect this CS and perform the task when a reversible or irreversible lesion was placed in either the somatosensory thalamus or the superior colliculus contralateral to the CS ...
IMAGERY PERSPECTIVE AND MEMORY RECALL 1 Accepted for
... with objects (Ruby & Decety, 2001) and when describing reactions to both neutral and social emotional situations (Ruby & Decety, 2004). The precuneus has also shown to be active when comparing being an observer of social interaction as contrasted to being personally involved in the social interactio ...
... with objects (Ruby & Decety, 2001) and when describing reactions to both neutral and social emotional situations (Ruby & Decety, 2004). The precuneus has also shown to be active when comparing being an observer of social interaction as contrasted to being personally involved in the social interactio ...
Functional Heterogeneity in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis
... of fear versus anxiety, respectively. In 2009, Walker, Miles, and Davis proposed a model of amygdala-BNST interactions to explain these functional differences. This model became extremely influential and now guides a new wave of studies on the role of BNST in humans. Here, we consider evidence for a ...
... of fear versus anxiety, respectively. In 2009, Walker, Miles, and Davis proposed a model of amygdala-BNST interactions to explain these functional differences. This model became extremely influential and now guides a new wave of studies on the role of BNST in humans. Here, we consider evidence for a ...
ANS: c, p. 46, F, LO=2.1, (1)
... d) monitoring neural transmission and releasing hormones in the brain ANS: a, p. 47, C, LO=2.1, (3) % correct 59 a= 59 b= 4 c= 11 d= 22 r = .32 % correct 61 a= 61 b= 8 c= 7 d= 24 r = .32 APA=1.1 19. A cell in the human nervous system whose primary function is to provide insulation and structure for ...
... d) monitoring neural transmission and releasing hormones in the brain ANS: a, p. 47, C, LO=2.1, (3) % correct 59 a= 59 b= 4 c= 11 d= 22 r = .32 % correct 61 a= 61 b= 8 c= 7 d= 24 r = .32 APA=1.1 19. A cell in the human nervous system whose primary function is to provide insulation and structure for ...
Same Spinal Interneurons Mediate Reflex Actions of Group Ib and
... interneurons, no crossed actions, whether descending or reflex, have so far been reported and it was not known whether they might contribute to centrally initiated movements mediated by RS neurons. With respect to group II interneurons it has already been established that they are affected by commis ...
... interneurons, no crossed actions, whether descending or reflex, have so far been reported and it was not known whether they might contribute to centrally initiated movements mediated by RS neurons. With respect to group II interneurons it has already been established that they are affected by commis ...
Background - Harvard University
... does not increase linearly but frequently follows a concave function, which marks the beginning of microeconomic decision theory. The theory provides quantifiable assessments of outcomes under uncertainty and has gone a long way to explain human and animal decision making, even though more recent da ...
... does not increase linearly but frequently follows a concave function, which marks the beginning of microeconomic decision theory. The theory provides quantifiable assessments of outcomes under uncertainty and has gone a long way to explain human and animal decision making, even though more recent da ...
Cortical Involvement During Sustained Lower Limb Contractions
... extremity and the influence of cortical inputs are poorly understood. The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the role the cortex plays in modulating force control during static contractions with the lower limb and to determine the influence of manipulating cortical inputs. Aim 1 determi ...
... extremity and the influence of cortical inputs are poorly understood. The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the role the cortex plays in modulating force control during static contractions with the lower limb and to determine the influence of manipulating cortical inputs. Aim 1 determi ...
New Treatment Approaches in Tinnitus: The Place of Repetitive
... literature, some of the very seldom and mild side effects are counted as nausea, headache, intracutaneous reactivity at the time of stimulation, and tingling sensation. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation is another noninvasive brain stimu ...
... literature, some of the very seldom and mild side effects are counted as nausea, headache, intracutaneous reactivity at the time of stimulation, and tingling sensation. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation is another noninvasive brain stimu ...
What is the function of the claustrum? - Christof Koch
... nuclei. Many of the neurons in these areas code for local aspects of any one scene, such as the orientation of an edge, or the colour and depth of a surface patch. Much of this information is ambiguous and is compatible with many different interpretations of the overall scene. In mathematical terms, ...
... nuclei. Many of the neurons in these areas code for local aspects of any one scene, such as the orientation of an edge, or the colour and depth of a surface patch. Much of this information is ambiguous and is compatible with many different interpretations of the overall scene. In mathematical terms, ...
Test #2
... patient is unable to do this, and therefore you know that the General Practitioner's diagnosis is correct. Explain how you were able to deduce this based upon this one fact. In addition, briefly (no more than 1-2 sentences) explain how you would determine that the damage was not in the auditory asso ...
... patient is unable to do this, and therefore you know that the General Practitioner's diagnosis is correct. Explain how you were able to deduce this based upon this one fact. In addition, briefly (no more than 1-2 sentences) explain how you would determine that the damage was not in the auditory asso ...
the effects of microstimulation and microlesions in the ventral and
... Gromysz, 1980). However, similar lesions in the rostral NRA, the retrofacial nucleus, and the facial nucleus did alter respiratory rhythm in a consistent fashion. The present experiments were designed to investigate further the possible roles of the VRG and DRG neurons in the generation of respirato ...
... Gromysz, 1980). However, similar lesions in the rostral NRA, the retrofacial nucleus, and the facial nucleus did alter respiratory rhythm in a consistent fashion. The present experiments were designed to investigate further the possible roles of the VRG and DRG neurons in the generation of respirato ...
Medial Prefrontal Cortices Are Unified by Common Connections With Superior
... Medial prefrontal cortices in primates have been associated with emotion, memory, and complex cognitive processes. Here we investigated whether the pattern of cortical connections could indicate whether the medial prefrontal cortex constitutes a homogeneous region, or if it can be parceled into dist ...
... Medial prefrontal cortices in primates have been associated with emotion, memory, and complex cognitive processes. Here we investigated whether the pattern of cortical connections could indicate whether the medial prefrontal cortex constitutes a homogeneous region, or if it can be parceled into dist ...
Curriculum Vitae - Laureate Institute for Brain Research
... preferences to arrive at making choices. In particular, I am interested how interoception and decisionmaking go awry in individuals with psychiatric disorders. For example, how do decision-making dysfunctions contribute to transition from casual use of drugs to drug dependence and how these dysfunct ...
... preferences to arrive at making choices. In particular, I am interested how interoception and decisionmaking go awry in individuals with psychiatric disorders. For example, how do decision-making dysfunctions contribute to transition from casual use of drugs to drug dependence and how these dysfunct ...
Eyeblink Conditioning During an Interstimulus Interval Switch in
... (Woodruff-Pak, Seta, Roker, & Lehr, 2007) and developing rats (Brown, Pagani, & Stanton, 2006) suggests this is so. Because higher doses of picrotoxin appear to block initial acquisition (Bao et al., 2002), we decided to use a lower dose that has a demonstrated efficacy in unmasking short-latency re ...
... (Woodruff-Pak, Seta, Roker, & Lehr, 2007) and developing rats (Brown, Pagani, & Stanton, 2006) suggests this is so. Because higher doses of picrotoxin appear to block initial acquisition (Bao et al., 2002), we decided to use a lower dose that has a demonstrated efficacy in unmasking short-latency re ...
Newborn infants` auditory system is sensitive to Western music
... (2012) points out that due to the layer-specific pattern of cortical maturation during infancy, more positive ERP components are expected than later on. In this study, to avoid confusion, changerelated enhancements in ERPs, whether positive or negative in polarity, are called mismatch responses (MMR ...
... (2012) points out that due to the layer-specific pattern of cortical maturation during infancy, more positive ERP components are expected than later on. In this study, to avoid confusion, changerelated enhancements in ERPs, whether positive or negative in polarity, are called mismatch responses (MMR ...
Receptive Fields and Binaural Interactions for Virtual
... had rise-fall times of either 4 or 20 ms. The same sample of pseudorandom noise was used throughout an experiment and, when stimuli were delivered binaurally, the same waveform was applied to both ears. These broadband noise bursts were equalized digitally, then either directly delivered to the acou ...
... had rise-fall times of either 4 or 20 ms. The same sample of pseudorandom noise was used throughout an experiment and, when stimuli were delivered binaurally, the same waveform was applied to both ears. These broadband noise bursts were equalized digitally, then either directly delivered to the acou ...
Neuroimaging and neuropsychological findings in
... have found no group differences in caudate volume or symmetry [33] , or even an increase in right caudate nucleus volumes [34] . These inconsistent results have been largely attributed to methodological differences across studies, such as variability in the study populations, treatment effects and s ...
... have found no group differences in caudate volume or symmetry [33] , or even an increase in right caudate nucleus volumes [34] . These inconsistent results have been largely attributed to methodological differences across studies, such as variability in the study populations, treatment effects and s ...