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... significant proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ cells, suggesting that the host immune system is involved in liver disease pathogenesis (2). Hepatocyte aberrations, accumulation of chromosomal damage, and possibly initiation of hepatic carcinogenesis are thought to initiate by continued viral replication an ...
... significant proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ cells, suggesting that the host immune system is involved in liver disease pathogenesis (2). Hepatocyte aberrations, accumulation of chromosomal damage, and possibly initiation of hepatic carcinogenesis are thought to initiate by continued viral replication an ...
K-ras modulates the cell cycle via both positive and negative
... Ras proteins play central roles in receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways that control cell proliferation and dierentiation (Khosravi-Far and Der, 1994; Medema and Bos, 1993). Increasing evidence supports the notion that one of the ultimate targets of the ras signaling pathway is the nuclea ...
... Ras proteins play central roles in receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways that control cell proliferation and dierentiation (Khosravi-Far and Der, 1994; Medema and Bos, 1993). Increasing evidence supports the notion that one of the ultimate targets of the ras signaling pathway is the nuclea ...
Review Recycling the Cell Cycle: Cyclins Revisited
... a notable exception), entering mitosis with partially replicated DNA leads to irreparable chromosome damage. Before such a feature could appear, a tighter coupling between replication and segregation was necessary. One form of coupling would be a clock that told previously independent processes when ...
... a notable exception), entering mitosis with partially replicated DNA leads to irreparable chromosome damage. Before such a feature could appear, a tighter coupling between replication and segregation was necessary. One form of coupling would be a clock that told previously independent processes when ...
CYTOKINESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS
... tracer FM4-64 makes the latter possibility less likely as both Golgi stacks and cell plate are labeled only 30–60 min after uptake of the tracer (10). The machinery involved in the formation of cytokinetic vesicles has not been identified. However, the following components may be required, by analogy ...
... tracer FM4-64 makes the latter possibility less likely as both Golgi stacks and cell plate are labeled only 30–60 min after uptake of the tracer (10). The machinery involved in the formation of cytokinetic vesicles has not been identified. However, the following components may be required, by analogy ...
ABSTRACT SUSTAINED DELIVERY AND PHARMACODYNAMICS OF AN INTEGRIN
... impossible for me to accomplish this project. I would like to thank my other committee members, Dr. Mohammad Alshiekhly, Dr. William E. Bentley, Dr. Adam Hsieh and Dr. Y. Martin Lo for their insightful comments on my proposal and their input to this research work. I am much obligated to Dr. M. Lourd ...
... impossible for me to accomplish this project. I would like to thank my other committee members, Dr. Mohammad Alshiekhly, Dr. William E. Bentley, Dr. Adam Hsieh and Dr. Y. Martin Lo for their insightful comments on my proposal and their input to this research work. I am much obligated to Dr. M. Lourd ...
CYTOKINESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS
... tracer FM4-64 makes the latter possibility less likely as both Golgi stacks and cell plate are labeled only 30–60 min after uptake of the tracer (10). The machinery involved in the formation of cytokinetic vesicles has not been identified. However, the following components may be required, by analogy ...
... tracer FM4-64 makes the latter possibility less likely as both Golgi stacks and cell plate are labeled only 30–60 min after uptake of the tracer (10). The machinery involved in the formation of cytokinetic vesicles has not been identified. However, the following components may be required, by analogy ...
Cytokinesis in Higher Plants
... tracer FM4-64 makes the latter possibility less likely as both Golgi stacks and cell plate are labeled only 30–60 min after uptake of the tracer (10). The machinery involved in the formation of cytokinetic vesicles has not been identified. However, the following components may be required, by analogy ...
... tracer FM4-64 makes the latter possibility less likely as both Golgi stacks and cell plate are labeled only 30–60 min after uptake of the tracer (10). The machinery involved in the formation of cytokinetic vesicles has not been identified. However, the following components may be required, by analogy ...
Distinct cathepsins control necrotic cell death
... Downloaded by [Yeshiva University Libraries - Cardozo - Einstein - YU] at 17:53 15 September 2015 ...
... Downloaded by [Yeshiva University Libraries - Cardozo - Einstein - YU] at 17:53 15 September 2015 ...
- Wiley Online Library
... by p53 under low levels of cellular stress, and low-affinity target genes (those that promote apoptosis) require a higher degree of p53 activation or stress. Consistent with this concept, it was later demonstrated that on p53 activation, genes involved in cell cycle arrest were induced at earlier ti ...
... by p53 under low levels of cellular stress, and low-affinity target genes (those that promote apoptosis) require a higher degree of p53 activation or stress. Consistent with this concept, it was later demonstrated that on p53 activation, genes involved in cell cycle arrest were induced at earlier ti ...
Oocyte Development in Hydra Involves Selection from Competent
... pseudopods and initiates a massive morphological change (Fig. 1, A5 and B5). The distal ends of the pseudopods thicken relative to the proximal parts as the center of the oocyte starts to enlarge. As the fingerlike pseudopods retract, nurse cells are drawn toward the center of the oocyte. Stage 6. T ...
... pseudopods and initiates a massive morphological change (Fig. 1, A5 and B5). The distal ends of the pseudopods thicken relative to the proximal parts as the center of the oocyte starts to enlarge. As the fingerlike pseudopods retract, nurse cells are drawn toward the center of the oocyte. Stage 6. T ...
Mitochondrial quality control by the ubiquitin
... mitochondrial compartment. Two AAA + proteases (AAA is ATPase associated with various cellular activities), Lon and ClpXP, reside in the matrix and degrade oxidatively damaged proteins in the matrix. A pair of AAA metalloproteases patrols opposite faces of the mitochondrial inner membrane. The m-AAA ...
... mitochondrial compartment. Two AAA + proteases (AAA is ATPase associated with various cellular activities), Lon and ClpXP, reside in the matrix and degrade oxidatively damaged proteins in the matrix. A pair of AAA metalloproteases patrols opposite faces of the mitochondrial inner membrane. The m-AAA ...
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... To investigate this hypothesis further, we analysed SWH pathway activity in eye tissue lacking core or non-core SWH pathway genes by measuring the expression of the wellcharacterised SWH pathway target genes DIAP1, ex and ban. Expression levels were determined at both the third instar larval and mid ...
... To investigate this hypothesis further, we analysed SWH pathway activity in eye tissue lacking core or non-core SWH pathway genes by measuring the expression of the wellcharacterised SWH pathway target genes DIAP1, ex and ban. Expression levels were determined at both the third instar larval and mid ...
Life, Death, and Cell Proliferation
... Figure 1. Flow Cytometric Analysis of Apoptotic Cells Using Annexin V–PE. Jurkat T cells were left untreated (A) or treated for 5 hr (B) or 12 hr (C) with anti-human Fas mAb (Clone DX2, Cat. No. 555670) and Protein G. Cells were incubated with Annexin V–PE in a buffer containing 7–AAD (Cat. No. 5558 ...
... Figure 1. Flow Cytometric Analysis of Apoptotic Cells Using Annexin V–PE. Jurkat T cells were left untreated (A) or treated for 5 hr (B) or 12 hr (C) with anti-human Fas mAb (Clone DX2, Cat. No. 555670) and Protein G. Cells were incubated with Annexin V–PE in a buffer containing 7–AAD (Cat. No. 5558 ...
Complement - microbiology and immunology on-line
... proteins (nomenclature) Activated component are usually over-lined: e.g. C1qrs When enzymatically cleaved, the larger moiety, binds to the activation complex or membrane and the smaller peptide is released in the ...
... proteins (nomenclature) Activated component are usually over-lined: e.g. C1qrs When enzymatically cleaved, the larger moiety, binds to the activation complex or membrane and the smaller peptide is released in the ...
Emerging regulatory mechanisms in ubiquitin
... Although the SCF and APC/C are structurally similar, they differ in complexity. The SCF has only three core subunits (cullin 1, RBX1 and SKP1) but cooperates with multiple different substrate adaptors, the F-box proteins (see figure panel A). The human genome encodes 68 different F-box proteins. By ...
... Although the SCF and APC/C are structurally similar, they differ in complexity. The SCF has only three core subunits (cullin 1, RBX1 and SKP1) but cooperates with multiple different substrate adaptors, the F-box proteins (see figure panel A). The human genome encodes 68 different F-box proteins. By ...
Human Cardiac-Derived Adherent Proliferating Cells Reduce
... B3-Induced Myocarditis. PLoS ONE 6(12): e28513. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028513 ...
... B3-Induced Myocarditis. PLoS ONE 6(12): e28513. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028513 ...
Chapter # PLASMA MEMBRANE PHOSPHOLIPID ASYMMETRY
... augmented by phospholipid translocases as membranes are sorted and differentiated throughout the cell. ...
... augmented by phospholipid translocases as membranes are sorted and differentiated throughout the cell. ...
Super-resolution microscopy of mitochondria
... located in the innermost mitochondrial compartment, the aqueous matrix [55,56]. The nucleoids are distributed throughout the mitochondrial network. In humans, the mtDNA encodes 13 proteins, which are essential for the function of OXPHOS. An important and still not conclusively answered question is w ...
... located in the innermost mitochondrial compartment, the aqueous matrix [55,56]. The nucleoids are distributed throughout the mitochondrial network. In humans, the mtDNA encodes 13 proteins, which are essential for the function of OXPHOS. An important and still not conclusively answered question is w ...
the Golgi Apparatus as the central station of the
... apparatus results in functional polarity and vectorial traffic. During this journey, the lipids and proteins passing through the Golgi undergo several sequential modifications determined by the molecular composition of the enzymes unevenly distributed in the cisternae (Roth, 1997; Varki, 1998). In c ...
... apparatus results in functional polarity and vectorial traffic. During this journey, the lipids and proteins passing through the Golgi undergo several sequential modifications determined by the molecular composition of the enzymes unevenly distributed in the cisternae (Roth, 1997; Varki, 1998). In c ...
Identification of Hedgehog Pathway Components by RNAi in
... kinases and phosphatases, and subsequently 43% of predicted Drosophila genes. Two gene products reported to function in Wingless ( Wg) signaling were identified as Hh pathway components: a cell surface protein (Dally-like protein) required for Hh signal reception, and casein kinase 1␣, a candidate tu ...
... kinases and phosphatases, and subsequently 43% of predicted Drosophila genes. Two gene products reported to function in Wingless ( Wg) signaling were identified as Hh pathway components: a cell surface protein (Dally-like protein) required for Hh signal reception, and casein kinase 1␣, a candidate tu ...
Activation of clinically used anthracyclines by the formaldehyde
... neoplastic diseases. The major clinically used anthracyclines consist of doxorubicin, daunorubicin, idarubicin, and epirubicin. Doxorubicin is a broad-spectrum antitumor antibiotic, and the tumors most commonly responsive to this drug include breast and esophageal carcinomas, osteosarcoma, soft tiss ...
... neoplastic diseases. The major clinically used anthracyclines consist of doxorubicin, daunorubicin, idarubicin, and epirubicin. Doxorubicin is a broad-spectrum antitumor antibiotic, and the tumors most commonly responsive to this drug include breast and esophageal carcinomas, osteosarcoma, soft tiss ...
The unfolded protein response: controlling cell fate
... the transcription of genes encoding proteins involved in protein folding, ER-associated degradation (ERAD), protein quality control and phospholipid synthesis. IRE1α also degrades certain mRNAs through regulated IRE1‑dependent decay (RIDD) and induces ‘alarm stress pathways’, including those driven ...
... the transcription of genes encoding proteins involved in protein folding, ER-associated degradation (ERAD), protein quality control and phospholipid synthesis. IRE1α also degrades certain mRNAs through regulated IRE1‑dependent decay (RIDD) and induces ‘alarm stress pathways’, including those driven ...
Understanding P53-Mdm2 Interactions: Future Prospect of Anti
... accumulates in the nuclei of cancer cells and binds tightly to the simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigens [3]. It was further noted that the P53 protein was overexpressed not only in SV40 transformed cells but also in carcinoma cell lines.The three compact, globular portionsin P53 are termed as “do ...
... accumulates in the nuclei of cancer cells and binds tightly to the simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigens [3]. It was further noted that the P53 protein was overexpressed not only in SV40 transformed cells but also in carcinoma cell lines.The three compact, globular portionsin P53 are termed as “do ...
Apoptosis
Apoptosis (/ˌæpəˈtoʊsɪs/; from Ancient Greek ἀπό apo, ""by, from, of, since, than"" and πτῶσις ptōsis, ""fall"") is the process of programmed cell death that may occur in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology) and death. These changes include blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, chromosomal DNA fragmentation, and global mRNA decay.In contrast to necrosis, which is a form of traumatic cell death that results from acute cellular injury, apoptosis is a highly regulated and controlled process that confers advantages during an organism's lifecycle. For example, the separation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the digits undergo apoptosis. Unlike necrosis, apoptosis produces cell fragments called apoptotic bodies that phagocytic cells are able to engulf and quickly remove before the contents of the cell can spill out onto surrounding cells and cause damage.Between 50 and 70 billion cells die each day due to apoptosis in the average human adult. For an average child between the ages of 8 and 14, approximately 20 billion to 30 billion cells die a day.Research in and around apoptosis has increased substantially since the early 1990s. In addition to its importance as a biological phenomenon, defective apoptotic processes have been implicated in a wide variety of diseases. Excessive apoptosis causes atrophy, whereas an insufficient amount results in uncontrolled cell proliferation, such as cancer.Some factors like Fas receptor, caspases (C-cysteine rich, asp- aspartic acid moiety containing, ase – proteases) etc. promote apoptosis, while members of Bcl-2 inhibit apoptosis.