p53 Pathway in Renal Cell Carcinoma Is Repressed by a Dominant
... fails to activate transcription. The cell-cell fusion experiments indicate that this repression is determined by a dominant mechanism that seems to be a characteristic of normal RCC progenitors, cells of normal kidney epithelium. None of the most common p53-regulatory factors was found responsible f ...
... fails to activate transcription. The cell-cell fusion experiments indicate that this repression is determined by a dominant mechanism that seems to be a characteristic of normal RCC progenitors, cells of normal kidney epithelium. None of the most common p53-regulatory factors was found responsible f ...
The Forces Behind Cell Movement
... AF is exposed to a concentration of monomeric actin that is above its critical concentration, the filament end binds monomers and grows by polymerization. Conversely, when the concentration is below the critical concentration, monomers detach from the filament end, and the filament shrinks by depoly ...
... AF is exposed to a concentration of monomeric actin that is above its critical concentration, the filament end binds monomers and grows by polymerization. Conversely, when the concentration is below the critical concentration, monomers detach from the filament end, and the filament shrinks by depoly ...
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... Both, peroxisomes and mitochondria are very dynamic organelles. They show high plasticity and are able to adopt various shapes depending on the cell’s requirements. Their number and morphology can change according to the metabolic needs of the cell and/or the physiopathological environment. ...
... Both, peroxisomes and mitochondria are very dynamic organelles. They show high plasticity and are able to adopt various shapes depending on the cell’s requirements. Their number and morphology can change according to the metabolic needs of the cell and/or the physiopathological environment. ...
Multiple post-translational modifications regulate E
... Regulation of E-cadherin transport stress or apoptosis (supplementary material Fig. S1A). O-GlcNAcylation of E-cadherin was examined by binding to WGA a lectin that binds with high affinity to O-GlcNAc, but with low affinity also binds to N-linked glycans (Natsuka et al., 2005). To permit unambiguou ...
... Regulation of E-cadherin transport stress or apoptosis (supplementary material Fig. S1A). O-GlcNAcylation of E-cadherin was examined by binding to WGA a lectin that binds with high affinity to O-GlcNAc, but with low affinity also binds to N-linked glycans (Natsuka et al., 2005). To permit unambiguou ...
Fig. 1 - The Journal of Cell Biology
... Tim23 pore. A surprising and still unresolved observation is that a loss of Tim50 leads to robust import defects for matrix proteins, but has a much lesser effect on precursors sorted into the inner membrane (Geissler et al., 2002). To assess the function of Tim50 in protein transport, we isolated m ...
... Tim23 pore. A surprising and still unresolved observation is that a loss of Tim50 leads to robust import defects for matrix proteins, but has a much lesser effect on precursors sorted into the inner membrane (Geissler et al., 2002). To assess the function of Tim50 in protein transport, we isolated m ...
Intracellular calcium: friend or foe?
... ghost-cell fusion and release from micropinocytotic vesicles [2, 22, 33, 44, 451. Others have also developed methods based on reversible cell swelling and special permeabilization media [46,47]. In contrast, the fluorescent indicators invented by Tsien (Fig. 1)are added to cells as their membrane pe ...
... ghost-cell fusion and release from micropinocytotic vesicles [2, 22, 33, 44, 451. Others have also developed methods based on reversible cell swelling and special permeabilization media [46,47]. In contrast, the fluorescent indicators invented by Tsien (Fig. 1)are added to cells as their membrane pe ...
Mitochondrial Dynamics and the ER: The Plant Perspective
... FIGURE 2 | Overexpression of MELL1 affects mitochondrial shape and association with the ER. (A) 3D Reconstructions of z-stacks of confocal planes from transfected moss protoplasts. Left panel: protoplast of a stably transformed mtEOS line (background bg) showing normal size and distribution of mitoc ...
... FIGURE 2 | Overexpression of MELL1 affects mitochondrial shape and association with the ER. (A) 3D Reconstructions of z-stacks of confocal planes from transfected moss protoplasts. Left panel: protoplast of a stably transformed mtEOS line (background bg) showing normal size and distribution of mitoc ...
Diapositive 1
... Figure S6. Caspases mediated cleavage of rodent Par-4, at residue D123, is required for its full proapoptotic activities. (A) HCT116 cells transfected either with the GFP-tagged constructs rat Par4 (wild type, D123A mutant, left panel) or with the Myc-tagged constructs human Par-4 (wild type, D131A ...
... Figure S6. Caspases mediated cleavage of rodent Par-4, at residue D123, is required for its full proapoptotic activities. (A) HCT116 cells transfected either with the GFP-tagged constructs rat Par4 (wild type, D123A mutant, left panel) or with the Myc-tagged constructs human Par-4 (wild type, D131A ...
HIV-1 Transactivator of Transcription Protein Induces Mitochondrial
... higher concentrations in the extracellular space in brain parenchyma relative to other HIV gene products. Tat is often described as pleiotropic because of its diverse effects in the periphery and the CNS. In keeping with this, Tat exerts transcriptional control over numerous cellular genes in a vari ...
... higher concentrations in the extracellular space in brain parenchyma relative to other HIV gene products. Tat is often described as pleiotropic because of its diverse effects in the periphery and the CNS. In keeping with this, Tat exerts transcriptional control over numerous cellular genes in a vari ...
Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-like Protein Mediates Necrosis
... apoptosis induced by TNF-a plus Smac mimetic in non-RIP3-expressing Panc-1 cells, even at 5 mM concentration (Figure S1B). Because FADD null Jurkat cells cannot activate caspase-8 in response to extrinsic apoptosis signals and therefore undergo necrosis when treated with TNF-a alone, they were used ...
... apoptosis induced by TNF-a plus Smac mimetic in non-RIP3-expressing Panc-1 cells, even at 5 mM concentration (Figure S1B). Because FADD null Jurkat cells cannot activate caspase-8 in response to extrinsic apoptosis signals and therefore undergo necrosis when treated with TNF-a alone, they were used ...
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... Four lines of evidence suggest that hair follicles prematurely enter catagen in K17-null mouse skin. First, routine histology conducted at P14 shows that wild-type hair follicles are in anagen, as evidenced by their maximal length and bell-shaped bulb region (Fig. 1B). In contrast, K17-null hair fol ...
... Four lines of evidence suggest that hair follicles prematurely enter catagen in K17-null mouse skin. First, routine histology conducted at P14 shows that wild-type hair follicles are in anagen, as evidenced by their maximal length and bell-shaped bulb region (Fig. 1B). In contrast, K17-null hair fol ...
Transport functions and physiological significance of 76 kDa Ral
... Ling, 1994; Sharom et al., 1993). Excellent review articles on the role of Pgp in drug resistance, its structure and the proposed mechanisms of primary active transport are available (Ambudkar et al., 1999; van Veen et al., 2000; Sauna et al., 2001). MRP (MRP1 or ABCC1), originally cloned (Cole et a ...
... Ling, 1994; Sharom et al., 1993). Excellent review articles on the role of Pgp in drug resistance, its structure and the proposed mechanisms of primary active transport are available (Ambudkar et al., 1999; van Veen et al., 2000; Sauna et al., 2001). MRP (MRP1 or ABCC1), originally cloned (Cole et a ...
CELL MOTILITY: Spatial and Temporal Regulation of
... probably owing to the actin cytoskeleton [reviewed in (9)]. The dense cytoplasmic meshwork of actin filaments excludes larger tracers as well as intracellular organelles from regions of the cell, including lamellipodia and pseudopodia (14), and accounts for most of the diffusional constraint within ...
... probably owing to the actin cytoskeleton [reviewed in (9)]. The dense cytoplasmic meshwork of actin filaments excludes larger tracers as well as intracellular organelles from regions of the cell, including lamellipodia and pseudopodia (14), and accounts for most of the diffusional constraint within ...
Lats kinase is involved in the intestinal apical
... in the fly, the Hpo pathway regulates differentiation of the polar follicle cell (PFC). Mutations in the core Hpo pathway genes in the PFC lead to a misoriented mitotic spindle, a multilayered epithelium and abnormal cell polarity, consistent with the Hpo pathway being involved in the regulation of ...
... in the fly, the Hpo pathway regulates differentiation of the polar follicle cell (PFC). Mutations in the core Hpo pathway genes in the PFC lead to a misoriented mitotic spindle, a multilayered epithelium and abnormal cell polarity, consistent with the Hpo pathway being involved in the regulation of ...
Control of the Cell Cycle in Early Embryos
... cycle and arrest at the G2/M border of meiosis I. In clams, fertilization provides the extracellular signal that breaks this cell cycle arrest and initiates a series of rapid cell division cycles. In this paper, we consider two aspects of this process: the rapid, one-time activation of a member of t ...
... cycle and arrest at the G2/M border of meiosis I. In clams, fertilization provides the extracellular signal that breaks this cell cycle arrest and initiates a series of rapid cell division cycles. In this paper, we consider two aspects of this process: the rapid, one-time activation of a member of t ...
Golgi-SNARE GS28 potentiates cisplatin
... protein α) and CITED2 {CBP [CREB (cAMP-response-elementbinding protein)-binding protein]/p300-interacting transactivator, with glutamate/aspartate-rich C-terminal domain 2}, as being consistently overexpressed in cisplatin-resistant cells [12–14]. Notably, the products of these two ‘chemoresistance’ ...
... protein α) and CITED2 {CBP [CREB (cAMP-response-elementbinding protein)-binding protein]/p300-interacting transactivator, with glutamate/aspartate-rich C-terminal domain 2}, as being consistently overexpressed in cisplatin-resistant cells [12–14]. Notably, the products of these two ‘chemoresistance’ ...
Muscle precursor cells isolated from aged rats exhibit
... response to TNF-α that can be abolished with overexpression of a mutant IKK-β. We next decided to determine if age was associated with differential expression levels of key molecules involved in canonical NF-κB signaling. Increased TNF-α-induced apoptosis in human T cells was associated with increas ...
... response to TNF-α that can be abolished with overexpression of a mutant IKK-β. We next decided to determine if age was associated with differential expression levels of key molecules involved in canonical NF-κB signaling. Increased TNF-α-induced apoptosis in human T cells was associated with increas ...
FasL gene knock-down therapy enhances the
... T-cell death and suggested that FasL expression inhibition could enhance the survival of activated glioma-infiltrating T-cells. Stable FasL Knock-down Decreases Tumor Growth In Vivo by a T-cell Dependent Mechanism The finding that FasL knock-down can enhance T-cell survival in glioma:T-cell cocultur ...
... T-cell death and suggested that FasL expression inhibition could enhance the survival of activated glioma-infiltrating T-cells. Stable FasL Knock-down Decreases Tumor Growth In Vivo by a T-cell Dependent Mechanism The finding that FasL knock-down can enhance T-cell survival in glioma:T-cell cocultur ...
Up-regulation of junctophilin-2 prevents ER stress and apoptosis in
... Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death, and reperfusion which can restore blood flow is the primary therapy. However, reperfusion can induce further damage to cardiomyocytes, a condition described as ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. I/R is now recognized as a combination determining ...
... Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death, and reperfusion which can restore blood flow is the primary therapy. However, reperfusion can induce further damage to cardiomyocytes, a condition described as ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. I/R is now recognized as a combination determining ...
Plant Cytokinesis Is Orchestrated by the Sequential Action of the
... The TRAPPII complex is required for cell plate biogenesis, and the exocyst is required for cell plate maturation. The TRAPPII complex sorts plasma membrane proteins, including exocyst subunits, at the cell plate throughout cytokinesis. We show that the two tethering complexes physically interact and ...
... The TRAPPII complex is required for cell plate biogenesis, and the exocyst is required for cell plate maturation. The TRAPPII complex sorts plasma membrane proteins, including exocyst subunits, at the cell plate throughout cytokinesis. We show that the two tethering complexes physically interact and ...
The Role of Mitochondria in Cholestatic Liver Injury
... with other cells, a continuous synthesis of ATP is most important. Disorders affecting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and hepatocellular metabolism directly influence fatty acid oxidation, which results in impaired bile flow, cell death, and fibrogenesis.(15) Oxidative repair enzym ...
... with other cells, a continuous synthesis of ATP is most important. Disorders affecting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and hepatocellular metabolism directly influence fatty acid oxidation, which results in impaired bile flow, cell death, and fibrogenesis.(15) Oxidative repair enzym ...
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... The understanding of the structural aspects of the plant cell wall has been inspired and guided by biochemical analysis. In our study, simple measurements of the sugar composition of cell walls from the protoplasts suggested gradual changes in the proportion of cell wall polysaccharides, such as pec ...
... The understanding of the structural aspects of the plant cell wall has been inspired and guided by biochemical analysis. In our study, simple measurements of the sugar composition of cell walls from the protoplasts suggested gradual changes in the proportion of cell wall polysaccharides, such as pec ...
Temporal and Spatial Distribution of DNA Topoisomerase II Alters
... and segregation, resulting in polyploidity.5 Topo II is the direct target of certain classes of antitumor agents. Etoposide and doxorubicin interact with topo II to inhibit the religation step of the enzyme, thereby stabilizing cleavable enzyme-DNA complexes that lead to DNA double-strand breaks and ...
... and segregation, resulting in polyploidity.5 Topo II is the direct target of certain classes of antitumor agents. Etoposide and doxorubicin interact with topo II to inhibit the religation step of the enzyme, thereby stabilizing cleavable enzyme-DNA complexes that lead to DNA double-strand breaks and ...
Asymmetric cell division and axis formation in the embryo
... 2. The one-cell stage embryo: establishment of the anterior-posterior axis 2.1. Breaking the symmetry In C. elegans, formation of the AP axis is initiated after fertilization, which takes place when a mature oocyte traverses the spermatheca and encounters a sperm cell. The newly fertilized zygote th ...
... 2. The one-cell stage embryo: establishment of the anterior-posterior axis 2.1. Breaking the symmetry In C. elegans, formation of the AP axis is initiated after fertilization, which takes place when a mature oocyte traverses the spermatheca and encounters a sperm cell. The newly fertilized zygote th ...
FGF1 inhibits p53-dependent apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via an
... stimuli: the addition of death factors (TNF, TGFb, Fas ligand), the absence of survival factors (fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), IGF-I, and neurotrophins), genotoxic stresses and activation of the oncosuppressor p53. Whatever the original death signal, most apoptotic pathways converge on activation ...
... stimuli: the addition of death factors (TNF, TGFb, Fas ligand), the absence of survival factors (fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), IGF-I, and neurotrophins), genotoxic stresses and activation of the oncosuppressor p53. Whatever the original death signal, most apoptotic pathways converge on activation ...
Apoptosis
Apoptosis (/ˌæpəˈtoʊsɪs/; from Ancient Greek ἀπό apo, ""by, from, of, since, than"" and πτῶσις ptōsis, ""fall"") is the process of programmed cell death that may occur in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology) and death. These changes include blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, chromosomal DNA fragmentation, and global mRNA decay.In contrast to necrosis, which is a form of traumatic cell death that results from acute cellular injury, apoptosis is a highly regulated and controlled process that confers advantages during an organism's lifecycle. For example, the separation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the digits undergo apoptosis. Unlike necrosis, apoptosis produces cell fragments called apoptotic bodies that phagocytic cells are able to engulf and quickly remove before the contents of the cell can spill out onto surrounding cells and cause damage.Between 50 and 70 billion cells die each day due to apoptosis in the average human adult. For an average child between the ages of 8 and 14, approximately 20 billion to 30 billion cells die a day.Research in and around apoptosis has increased substantially since the early 1990s. In addition to its importance as a biological phenomenon, defective apoptotic processes have been implicated in a wide variety of diseases. Excessive apoptosis causes atrophy, whereas an insufficient amount results in uncontrolled cell proliferation, such as cancer.Some factors like Fas receptor, caspases (C-cysteine rich, asp- aspartic acid moiety containing, ase – proteases) etc. promote apoptosis, while members of Bcl-2 inhibit apoptosis.