Biochemical Journal
... Abbreviations used: Ago2, Argonaute 2; ARE, AU-rich element; ASK1, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1; ATF, activating transcription factor; BAF60, BRG1-associated factor 60; CDK, cyclin-dependent kinase; C/EBP, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein; c-IAP1/2, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1/2; CREB, c ...
... Abbreviations used: Ago2, Argonaute 2; ARE, AU-rich element; ASK1, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1; ATF, activating transcription factor; BAF60, BRG1-associated factor 60; CDK, cyclin-dependent kinase; C/EBP, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein; c-IAP1/2, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1/2; CREB, c ...
A GH3-like Domain in Reaper Is Required for Mitochondrial
... cells, this may not be the case in vertebrates. Indeed, XIAP knockout mice do not exhibit any overt phenotypes (21). Although this could well indicate some functional redundancy among the IAPs, it may also reflect a requirement for additional events in the activation of caspases and cell death in ve ...
... cells, this may not be the case in vertebrates. Indeed, XIAP knockout mice do not exhibit any overt phenotypes (21). Although this could well indicate some functional redundancy among the IAPs, it may also reflect a requirement for additional events in the activation of caspases and cell death in ve ...
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of sex differences in renal
... ischemic injury. These studies have shown that these interventions decrease the production of JNK and p38 caused by the ischemic insult while I/R induced production of ERK is not affected. Hence, providing further evidence that it maybe the balance between ERK and JNK/p38 which is the determinant of ...
... ischemic injury. These studies have shown that these interventions decrease the production of JNK and p38 caused by the ischemic insult while I/R induced production of ERK is not affected. Hence, providing further evidence that it maybe the balance between ERK and JNK/p38 which is the determinant of ...
Molecular evolution of the p53 network in reptiles
... unknown mechanism. Studies delving into this relationship between p53 and lifespan have focused on one of the pathways within the multi-pathway p53 network. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) network is a nutrient sensing molecular pathway that influences organismal aging. Inhibition of this n ...
... unknown mechanism. Studies delving into this relationship between p53 and lifespan have focused on one of the pathways within the multi-pathway p53 network. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) network is a nutrient sensing molecular pathway that influences organismal aging. Inhibition of this n ...
Treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia with all
... Fortunately, great benefit was brought to these patients as well as to those newly diagnosed by application of ATO, a breakthrough also first reported in China. Arsenic is a common, natural substance that exists in organic and inorganic forms. The organic arsenicals consist of an arsenic atom in its ...
... Fortunately, great benefit was brought to these patients as well as to those newly diagnosed by application of ATO, a breakthrough also first reported in China. Arsenic is a common, natural substance that exists in organic and inorganic forms. The organic arsenicals consist of an arsenic atom in its ...
Nucleation and Dynamics of Golgi-derived Microtubules
... of Golgi integrity, cell polarity and motility, as well as cell type-specific functions, including neurite outgrowth/branching. Here, we discuss possible models describing the formation and dynamics of Golgi-derived MTs. How Golgi-derived MTs are formed is not fully understood. A widely discussed mo ...
... of Golgi integrity, cell polarity and motility, as well as cell type-specific functions, including neurite outgrowth/branching. Here, we discuss possible models describing the formation and dynamics of Golgi-derived MTs. How Golgi-derived MTs are formed is not fully understood. A widely discussed mo ...
Current Status and Future Prospectives of C1 Domain Ligands as
... targeting the C1 domain provides the possibility of developing PKC activators. Third, the PKC regulatory domain may have biological functions independent of catalytic activity [2729], and the C1 domain can act as a protein-interaction module [30]. Fourth, targeting the C1 domain provides a way to ta ...
... targeting the C1 domain provides the possibility of developing PKC activators. Third, the PKC regulatory domain may have biological functions independent of catalytic activity [2729], and the C1 domain can act as a protein-interaction module [30]. Fourth, targeting the C1 domain provides a way to ta ...
Decision making by p53: life, death and cancer
... the product of a pivotal tumor-suppressor gene, whose inactivation is implicated in a high percentage of individual cases of human cancer.1 Since then, p53 has become the focus of intensive research, basic as well as clinical. This has led to an unprecedented wealth of knowledge about p53, its bioch ...
... the product of a pivotal tumor-suppressor gene, whose inactivation is implicated in a high percentage of individual cases of human cancer.1 Since then, p53 has become the focus of intensive research, basic as well as clinical. This has led to an unprecedented wealth of knowledge about p53, its bioch ...
Shh signalling and cell death in limb development
... Fewer cells expressed Shh and the most proximal part of the domain was missing in the majority of manipulated limb buds. Control beads had no effect on Shh expression (n=12) (Fig. 1J). To investigate whether this effect was stage dependent we implanted Shh beads posteriorly in later stage embryos (s ...
... Fewer cells expressed Shh and the most proximal part of the domain was missing in the majority of manipulated limb buds. Control beads had no effect on Shh expression (n=12) (Fig. 1J). To investigate whether this effect was stage dependent we implanted Shh beads posteriorly in later stage embryos (s ...
Exosome Biogenesis, Regulation, and Function in Viral Infection
... of mechanisms sustaining packaging of membrane-bound and soluble material to these vesicles and the understanding of the underlying processes directing MVBs for degradation or fusion with the plasma membrane. The investigation into the formation and roles of exosomes in viral infection is in its ear ...
... of mechanisms sustaining packaging of membrane-bound and soluble material to these vesicles and the understanding of the underlying processes directing MVBs for degradation or fusion with the plasma membrane. The investigation into the formation and roles of exosomes in viral infection is in its ear ...
Endosomes/Lysosomes in Macrophages Fusion between
... Akiko Shiratsuchi,*† Ikuko Watanabe,† Osamu Takeuchi,‡ Shizuo Akira,‡ and Yoshinobu Nakanishi2*† ...
... Akiko Shiratsuchi,*† Ikuko Watanabe,† Osamu Takeuchi,‡ Shizuo Akira,‡ and Yoshinobu Nakanishi2*† ...
Effects of various oxidants and antioxidants on the p38
... protein HSP27 [16, 26, 27]. In various cell types, phosphorylation of HSP27 is associated with stabilisation of the actin cytoskeleton, protecting cells against damage [28–30] and with its binding to cell proteins leading to prevention of their degradation [31]. In our previous studies [16, 17], the ...
... protein HSP27 [16, 26, 27]. In various cell types, phosphorylation of HSP27 is associated with stabilisation of the actin cytoskeleton, protecting cells against damage [28–30] and with its binding to cell proteins leading to prevention of their degradation [31]. In our previous studies [16, 17], the ...
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... An essential step in the determination of structure-function relationships at a molecular level is to investigate the intrinsic properties of isolated proteins, via molecular biology, biochemical and structural approaches [1–3]. However, it is also necessary to study protein function in an integrate ...
... An essential step in the determination of structure-function relationships at a molecular level is to investigate the intrinsic properties of isolated proteins, via molecular biology, biochemical and structural approaches [1–3]. However, it is also necessary to study protein function in an integrate ...
Bax cleavage is mediated by calpain during drug-induced
... shown in vitro, along with caspase-9 and the human homolog of CED-4 in the presence of ATP, to be critical for activating the zymogen form of caspase-3 in the cytosol initiating the execution phase of the apoptotic cascade (Li et al., 1997). The anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2 is located in the membra ...
... shown in vitro, along with caspase-9 and the human homolog of CED-4 in the presence of ATP, to be critical for activating the zymogen form of caspase-3 in the cytosol initiating the execution phase of the apoptotic cascade (Li et al., 1997). The anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2 is located in the membra ...
Does the baculovirus sulfhydryl oxidase Ac92 associate with and
... Ac92 could have an inhibitory function. Prevent apoptosis Prevent cell cycle arrest ...
... Ac92 could have an inhibitory function. Prevent apoptosis Prevent cell cycle arrest ...
The Role of PME-1 in Cancer: Therapeutic Implications
... favorable outcome in colorectal cancer (CRC) (III) ................... 84 5.8.1. Protein expression analysis of PME-1 in TYKS rectal cancer cohort ...............................................................84 5.8.2. High PME-1 expression predicts better survival of the ...
... favorable outcome in colorectal cancer (CRC) (III) ................... 84 5.8.1. Protein expression analysis of PME-1 in TYKS rectal cancer cohort ...............................................................84 5.8.2. High PME-1 expression predicts better survival of the ...
Glutamate Decreases Mitochondrial Size and Movement in Primary
... In this study we have made use of mt-eYFP to label neuronal mitochondria. Using calcium phosphate we routinely obtained 1–2% transfection efficiency. With this efficiency the density of transfected cells was such that typically a single labeled cell was present per field, although sometimes addition ...
... In this study we have made use of mt-eYFP to label neuronal mitochondria. Using calcium phosphate we routinely obtained 1–2% transfection efficiency. With this efficiency the density of transfected cells was such that typically a single labeled cell was present per field, although sometimes addition ...
The variability of autophagy and cell death susceptibility
... however, specific organelles can be surrounded with the help of recognition proteins such as SQSTM1/p62 during selective autophagy.4 Subsequent docking and fusion with lysosomes occurs with the formation of an autolysosome, a process first proposed by de Duve and Wattiaux.5 Exposed to lysosomal hydr ...
... however, specific organelles can be surrounded with the help of recognition proteins such as SQSTM1/p62 during selective autophagy.4 Subsequent docking and fusion with lysosomes occurs with the formation of an autolysosome, a process first proposed by de Duve and Wattiaux.5 Exposed to lysosomal hydr ...
Significance of hydrolytic enzymes expressed during xylem
... their secondary walls and fulfill their structural purpose decades and centuries after their death. ...
... their secondary walls and fulfill their structural purpose decades and centuries after their death. ...
Article Title Authors Author affiliation Correspondence information
... a “housekeeper”, providing “waste management and treatment” services that remove injured cellular components which might become toxic. Such cellular maintenance is important, especially in resting cells and terminally differentiated cells where injured ...
... a “housekeeper”, providing “waste management and treatment” services that remove injured cellular components which might become toxic. Such cellular maintenance is important, especially in resting cells and terminally differentiated cells where injured ...
c-Myc Overexpression Increases Cell Size and Impairs Cartilage
... that occasionally led to interdigital chondrogenesis. In contrast, c-myc overexpression did not interfere with other processes, such as muscle differentiation. Although based on overexpression experiments, our results suggest that endogenous c-Myc may be implicated in the control of cell size and sk ...
... that occasionally led to interdigital chondrogenesis. In contrast, c-myc overexpression did not interfere with other processes, such as muscle differentiation. Although based on overexpression experiments, our results suggest that endogenous c-Myc may be implicated in the control of cell size and sk ...
The versatility of mitochondrial calcium signals: From stimulation of
... the lipid phosphatidyl-inositol 4,5-diphosphate or growth factors receptors (also causing the production of IP3 through the activation of phospholipase C) [2]. An alternative route for raising [Ca2+]c depends on the opening of various classes of plasma membrane Ca2+ channels [3]. The concerted actio ...
... the lipid phosphatidyl-inositol 4,5-diphosphate or growth factors receptors (also causing the production of IP3 through the activation of phospholipase C) [2]. An alternative route for raising [Ca2+]c depends on the opening of various classes of plasma membrane Ca2+ channels [3]. The concerted actio ...
- ResearchOnline@JCU
... apoptosis, and passive processes such as necrosis (Gates et al., 1992) (for reviews of apoptosis see Elmore, 2007 and apoptotic pathways of lower invertebrates see Zmasek et al., 2007). Despite intense study over the last 10 years, the exact point of thermal damage in Symbiodinium has not been compr ...
... apoptosis, and passive processes such as necrosis (Gates et al., 1992) (for reviews of apoptosis see Elmore, 2007 and apoptotic pathways of lower invertebrates see Zmasek et al., 2007). Despite intense study over the last 10 years, the exact point of thermal damage in Symbiodinium has not been compr ...
Title Molecular Pathways: The Role of Primary Cilia in Cancer
... The details of the dynamic regulation of entry and exit of Hh pathway proteins into and out of the cilia are just now being unraveled. There are three Gli proteins (Gli1, Gli2 and Gli3) encoded by distinct genes. These Gli proteins are post-translationally processed into repressor (with the exceptio ...
... The details of the dynamic regulation of entry and exit of Hh pathway proteins into and out of the cilia are just now being unraveled. There are three Gli proteins (Gli1, Gli2 and Gli3) encoded by distinct genes. These Gli proteins are post-translationally processed into repressor (with the exceptio ...
Lysosomal Function and Dysfunction
... detecting morphogen gradients, remodeling intracellular components during cell differentiation, and participating in cell demise, either by directly inducing cathepsin-dependent cell death or by degrading apoptotic cells. The Roles of Lysosomes in Programmed Cell Death: Lysosomal Membrane Permeabili ...
... detecting morphogen gradients, remodeling intracellular components during cell differentiation, and participating in cell demise, either by directly inducing cathepsin-dependent cell death or by degrading apoptotic cells. The Roles of Lysosomes in Programmed Cell Death: Lysosomal Membrane Permeabili ...
Apoptosis
Apoptosis (/ˌæpəˈtoʊsɪs/; from Ancient Greek ἀπό apo, ""by, from, of, since, than"" and πτῶσις ptōsis, ""fall"") is the process of programmed cell death that may occur in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology) and death. These changes include blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, chromosomal DNA fragmentation, and global mRNA decay.In contrast to necrosis, which is a form of traumatic cell death that results from acute cellular injury, apoptosis is a highly regulated and controlled process that confers advantages during an organism's lifecycle. For example, the separation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the digits undergo apoptosis. Unlike necrosis, apoptosis produces cell fragments called apoptotic bodies that phagocytic cells are able to engulf and quickly remove before the contents of the cell can spill out onto surrounding cells and cause damage.Between 50 and 70 billion cells die each day due to apoptosis in the average human adult. For an average child between the ages of 8 and 14, approximately 20 billion to 30 billion cells die a day.Research in and around apoptosis has increased substantially since the early 1990s. In addition to its importance as a biological phenomenon, defective apoptotic processes have been implicated in a wide variety of diseases. Excessive apoptosis causes atrophy, whereas an insufficient amount results in uncontrolled cell proliferation, such as cancer.Some factors like Fas receptor, caspases (C-cysteine rich, asp- aspartic acid moiety containing, ase – proteases) etc. promote apoptosis, while members of Bcl-2 inhibit apoptosis.