Max and inhibitory c-Myc mutants induce erythroid di
... In373 is unable to bind DNA (Figure 1b, lane 4), whereas tMyc forms a distinct homodimeric complex (Figure 1b, lane 3). In this experimental design, Max (6 ng) was mixed with an excess of tMyc (600 ng) so that tMyc-tMyc homodimers and tMyc-Max heterodimers are readily detected on EMSA (Figure 1b, la ...
... In373 is unable to bind DNA (Figure 1b, lane 4), whereas tMyc forms a distinct homodimeric complex (Figure 1b, lane 3). In this experimental design, Max (6 ng) was mixed with an excess of tMyc (600 ng) so that tMyc-tMyc homodimers and tMyc-Max heterodimers are readily detected on EMSA (Figure 1b, la ...
complement
... If Ag/Ab complexes are formed , complement will be fixed by these complexes & some of the complement will be consumed by these complexes so : Not all RBCs of the indicator system will be lysed & the test is POSITIVE ...
... If Ag/Ab complexes are formed , complement will be fixed by these complexes & some of the complement will be consumed by these complexes so : Not all RBCs of the indicator system will be lysed & the test is POSITIVE ...
Arabidopsis R-SNARE Proteins VAMP721 and VAMP722 Are
... fusion of Golgi-derived vesicles gives rise to the cell plate [3]. After the cell plate eventually fuses with the parental plasma membrane, two individual cells are separated by a new cell wall [4,5]. The maturation of the cell plate to a rigid cell wall is activated by vesicle fusion, a process med ...
... fusion of Golgi-derived vesicles gives rise to the cell plate [3]. After the cell plate eventually fuses with the parental plasma membrane, two individual cells are separated by a new cell wall [4,5]. The maturation of the cell plate to a rigid cell wall is activated by vesicle fusion, a process med ...
Androgens Down-Regulate bcl-2 Protooncogene Expression in ZR
... HE ANDROGEN receptor is expressed in 50 –90% of breast tumors (1–3). Androgens or androgenic compounds, such as testosterone propionate (4 – 6), fluoxymesterone (7–9), and calusterone (10), have been shown to inhibit breast cancer growth in a proportion of women comparable to that achieved with othe ...
... HE ANDROGEN receptor is expressed in 50 –90% of breast tumors (1–3). Androgens or androgenic compounds, such as testosterone propionate (4 – 6), fluoxymesterone (7–9), and calusterone (10), have been shown to inhibit breast cancer growth in a proportion of women comparable to that achieved with othe ...
A role for actin in regulating apoptosis/programmed cell death
... During apoptosis/PCD driven by the intrinsic pathway, the reception of an apoptotic stimulus leads to an increase in the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane, allowing proapoptotic molecules such as cytochrome c, AIF1 (apoptosisinducing factor 1) and Endo G (endonuclease G) to be release ...
... During apoptosis/PCD driven by the intrinsic pathway, the reception of an apoptotic stimulus leads to an increase in the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane, allowing proapoptotic molecules such as cytochrome c, AIF1 (apoptosisinducing factor 1) and Endo G (endonuclease G) to be release ...
- ORCA - Cardiff University
... state (for example, the reactive oxygen species; Franklin, 2011), DNA damage (Sperka et al., 2012), ER stress (Puthalakath et al., 2007) and growth factor deprivation (Deckwerth et al., 1998; Putcha et al., 2003; Bredesen et al., 2005), or activation of the p75NTR neurotrophin receptor by pro-neurot ...
... state (for example, the reactive oxygen species; Franklin, 2011), DNA damage (Sperka et al., 2012), ER stress (Puthalakath et al., 2007) and growth factor deprivation (Deckwerth et al., 1998; Putcha et al., 2003; Bredesen et al., 2005), or activation of the p75NTR neurotrophin receptor by pro-neurot ...
Definition of a p53 transactivation function-deficient mutant
... colony formation assay performed with H1299 (Figure 1) and Saos-2 (data not shown) cell lines, which are both p537/7, M22/23 displays a phenotype which is intermediate between the inactive tumor-derived mutant, D281G, and p53 wild-type (p53 WT). This assay enables growth suppression in its most gene ...
... colony formation assay performed with H1299 (Figure 1) and Saos-2 (data not shown) cell lines, which are both p537/7, M22/23 displays a phenotype which is intermediate between the inactive tumor-derived mutant, D281G, and p53 wild-type (p53 WT). This assay enables growth suppression in its most gene ...
Adenovirus Overrides Cellular Checkpoints for Protein Translation
... caused by inactivating mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2. In addition, the genetic cancer syndrome Peutz-Jeghers disease is caused by inactivating mutations in LKB1, a protein kinase that activates AMPK in response to increased cellular AMP/ATP ratios, such as occurs on nutrient withdrawal (Fig. 2). ...
... caused by inactivating mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2. In addition, the genetic cancer syndrome Peutz-Jeghers disease is caused by inactivating mutations in LKB1, a protein kinase that activates AMPK in response to increased cellular AMP/ATP ratios, such as occurs on nutrient withdrawal (Fig. 2). ...
Stress signaling from the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum
... sacs called the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Approximately one-third of all cellular proteins are translocated into the lumen of the ER where post-translational modification, folding, and oligomerization occurs. The ER provides a unique oxidizing compartment for the folding of membrane and secretory ...
... sacs called the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Approximately one-third of all cellular proteins are translocated into the lumen of the ER where post-translational modification, folding, and oligomerization occurs. The ER provides a unique oxidizing compartment for the folding of membrane and secretory ...
Geranylgeranylated Proteins are Involved in the Regulation of
... reduced apoptosis (18, 19), increased cell proliferation (18, 19), and an adverse clinical outcome (15, 17). Rac-1, Cdc42, and RhoA have been implicated in the regulation of cell cycle progression through G1 phase of the cell cycle. Constitutively activated mutants of Rac-1, Cdc42, and RhoA caused G ...
... reduced apoptosis (18, 19), increased cell proliferation (18, 19), and an adverse clinical outcome (15, 17). Rac-1, Cdc42, and RhoA have been implicated in the regulation of cell cycle progression through G1 phase of the cell cycle. Constitutively activated mutants of Rac-1, Cdc42, and RhoA caused G ...
Cell Death Suppressor, Arabidopsis BI
... Alterations in cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) have been implicated in apoptosis control mechanisms. The anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 reduces Ca2+ efflux through the ER membrane (Lam et al., 1994). A rapid increase in [Ca2+]cyt is a common response to pathogen challenge in plant cells (Blume et al., 2000) ...
... Alterations in cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) have been implicated in apoptosis control mechanisms. The anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 reduces Ca2+ efflux through the ER membrane (Lam et al., 1994). A rapid increase in [Ca2+]cyt is a common response to pathogen challenge in plant cells (Blume et al., 2000) ...
Activity-based probes that target diverse cysteine protease families
... These results suggest that if intermediate forms of legumain exist, they either are not catalytically active or are rapidly processed to the final 38-kDa form. Thus, our results suggest that a single cleaved form of human legumain is the predominant mature, active form in tissues and cells. Previous ...
... These results suggest that if intermediate forms of legumain exist, they either are not catalytically active or are rapidly processed to the final 38-kDa form. Thus, our results suggest that a single cleaved form of human legumain is the predominant mature, active form in tissues and cells. Previous ...
Idh paper revised II - G3: Genes | Genomes | Genetics
... initiator caspase dronc (Cakouros et al. 2004). In contrast, hid is not regulated directly by the ecdysone-receptor complex, but is activated by the immediate response genes BR-C and E74A (Jiang et al. 2000). This activation of rpr, dronc, and hid, ...
... initiator caspase dronc (Cakouros et al. 2004). In contrast, hid is not regulated directly by the ecdysone-receptor complex, but is activated by the immediate response genes BR-C and E74A (Jiang et al. 2000). This activation of rpr, dronc, and hid, ...
Essential embryonic roles of the CKI-1 cyclin
... Smith and Rothman, 1998; Rose and Kemphues, 1998; Labouesse and Mango, 1999), the factors that respond to specification cues and cause cells to divide and arrest division at the appropriate time have been largely unexplored. Here we report the embryonic function of the C. elegans cki-1 and cki-2 gen ...
... Smith and Rothman, 1998; Rose and Kemphues, 1998; Labouesse and Mango, 1999), the factors that respond to specification cues and cause cells to divide and arrest division at the appropriate time have been largely unexplored. Here we report the embryonic function of the C. elegans cki-1 and cki-2 gen ...
Viral Strategies in Modulation of NF
... cogenes (c-Myc) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-xL)29. The persistent activity of Tax results in the constitutive activation of NF-κB, which leads to the initiation and/or maintenance of the malignant phenotype58. Interactions between the IKK complex and the viral protein lead to chronic IKK activat ...
... cogenes (c-Myc) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-xL)29. The persistent activity of Tax results in the constitutive activation of NF-κB, which leads to the initiation and/or maintenance of the malignant phenotype58. Interactions between the IKK complex and the viral protein lead to chronic IKK activat ...
The caspase-cleaved DAP5 protein supports internal ribosome entry
... site (IRES) elements in their 5⬘ untranslated regions (UTRs). Furthermore, each of these IRES elements suffices to maintain the translation of a reporter gene in dying cells, whereas the cap-dependent translation mode is abrogated severely. These IRESs are referred to in this work as ‘‘death IRESs,’ ...
... site (IRES) elements in their 5⬘ untranslated regions (UTRs). Furthermore, each of these IRES elements suffices to maintain the translation of a reporter gene in dying cells, whereas the cap-dependent translation mode is abrogated severely. These IRESs are referred to in this work as ‘‘death IRESs,’ ...
Dictyostelium cytokinesis: from molecules to mechanics
... expansion model (Uyeda et al., 2000) and the mechanical lens model (Weber, 2001). We will focus our discussion around the equatorial force-generation model. We direct the reader to these other articles for slightly different views of the mechanics of cytokinesis. In the equatorial force-generation mo ...
... expansion model (Uyeda et al., 2000) and the mechanical lens model (Weber, 2001). We will focus our discussion around the equatorial force-generation model. We direct the reader to these other articles for slightly different views of the mechanics of cytokinesis. In the equatorial force-generation mo ...
Dr. Parker`s CV - Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine
... are being translated and which open reading frames (ORFs) are being decoded at different times post-infection examining three different human viruses – influenza A virus (IAV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), and mammalian orthoreovirus (REOV). Recently developed and novel approaches based on next g ...
... are being translated and which open reading frames (ORFs) are being decoded at different times post-infection examining three different human viruses – influenza A virus (IAV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), and mammalian orthoreovirus (REOV). Recently developed and novel approaches based on next g ...
Linköping University Post Print
... prevented LMP, indicating a mechanistic importance of Bax’s lysosomal location. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated downregulation of Bim was found to prevent TRAIL-induced LMP [50]. Bim was activated upon TRAIL treatment and colocalized with Bax in lysosomes, suggesting that it may trigger Bax-mediated LMP ...
... prevented LMP, indicating a mechanistic importance of Bax’s lysosomal location. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated downregulation of Bim was found to prevent TRAIL-induced LMP [50]. Bim was activated upon TRAIL treatment and colocalized with Bax in lysosomes, suggesting that it may trigger Bax-mediated LMP ...
Document
... form of ATP. However, mitochondria also have roles outside of energy regulation: they are involved in calcium signaling and intermediary metabolism, and they regulate the extrinsic apoptotic pathway following cell insult. Recent studies show that mitochondria are implicated in many diseases includin ...
... form of ATP. However, mitochondria also have roles outside of energy regulation: they are involved in calcium signaling and intermediary metabolism, and they regulate the extrinsic apoptotic pathway following cell insult. Recent studies show that mitochondria are implicated in many diseases includin ...
Energy, genes and evolution: introduction to an evolutionary synthesis
... whole zoo of proteins in the mitochondrial outer membrane has been shown to induce or inhibit apoptosis, making mitochondria the hub of cellular life and death [10]. It is no longer eccentric to view mitochondrial bioenergetics as central to apoptosis, autophagy, epigenetics and genomic stability, p ...
... whole zoo of proteins in the mitochondrial outer membrane has been shown to induce or inhibit apoptosis, making mitochondria the hub of cellular life and death [10]. It is no longer eccentric to view mitochondrial bioenergetics as central to apoptosis, autophagy, epigenetics and genomic stability, p ...
introduction to an evolutionary synthesis
... whole zoo of proteins in the mitochondrial outer membrane has been shown to induce or inhibit apoptosis, making mitochondria the hub of cellular life and death [10]. It is no longer eccentric to view mitochondrial bioenergetics as central to apoptosis, autophagy, epigenetics and genomic stability, p ...
... whole zoo of proteins in the mitochondrial outer membrane has been shown to induce or inhibit apoptosis, making mitochondria the hub of cellular life and death [10]. It is no longer eccentric to view mitochondrial bioenergetics as central to apoptosis, autophagy, epigenetics and genomic stability, p ...
Death of developing neurons: New insights and implications for
... state (for example, the reactive oxygen species; Franklin, 2011), DNA damage (Sperka et al., 2012), ER stress (Puthalakath et al., 2007) and growth factor deprivation (Deckwerth et al., 1998; Putcha et al., 2003; Bredesen et al., 2005), or activation of the p75NTR neurotrophin receptor by pro-neurot ...
... state (for example, the reactive oxygen species; Franklin, 2011), DNA damage (Sperka et al., 2012), ER stress (Puthalakath et al., 2007) and growth factor deprivation (Deckwerth et al., 1998; Putcha et al., 2003; Bredesen et al., 2005), or activation of the p75NTR neurotrophin receptor by pro-neurot ...
p53 transcriptional activity is essential for p53dependent apoptosis
... activities. After DNA damage by UV radiation, p53Gln25Ser26 was phosphorylated at Ser18 but was not acetylated at C-terminal sites, and its DNA binding activity did not increase, further supporting a role for p53 acetylation in the activation of sequence-speci®c DNA binding activity. Most importantl ...
... activities. After DNA damage by UV radiation, p53Gln25Ser26 was phosphorylated at Ser18 but was not acetylated at C-terminal sites, and its DNA binding activity did not increase, further supporting a role for p53 acetylation in the activation of sequence-speci®c DNA binding activity. Most importantl ...
Regulation of developmental timing and germ cell proliferation in C
... control cell cycle, apoptosis, cell adhesion, cytoskeletal function, metabolism, and intracellular signaling5,6,9–11 have been identified. Although there is considerable overlap in target genes regulated by all three p53 family members, there is significant variation among the genes identified in in ...
... control cell cycle, apoptosis, cell adhesion, cytoskeletal function, metabolism, and intracellular signaling5,6,9–11 have been identified. Although there is considerable overlap in target genes regulated by all three p53 family members, there is significant variation among the genes identified in in ...
Apoptosis
Apoptosis (/ˌæpəˈtoʊsɪs/; from Ancient Greek ἀπό apo, ""by, from, of, since, than"" and πτῶσις ptōsis, ""fall"") is the process of programmed cell death that may occur in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology) and death. These changes include blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, chromosomal DNA fragmentation, and global mRNA decay.In contrast to necrosis, which is a form of traumatic cell death that results from acute cellular injury, apoptosis is a highly regulated and controlled process that confers advantages during an organism's lifecycle. For example, the separation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the digits undergo apoptosis. Unlike necrosis, apoptosis produces cell fragments called apoptotic bodies that phagocytic cells are able to engulf and quickly remove before the contents of the cell can spill out onto surrounding cells and cause damage.Between 50 and 70 billion cells die each day due to apoptosis in the average human adult. For an average child between the ages of 8 and 14, approximately 20 billion to 30 billion cells die a day.Research in and around apoptosis has increased substantially since the early 1990s. In addition to its importance as a biological phenomenon, defective apoptotic processes have been implicated in a wide variety of diseases. Excessive apoptosis causes atrophy, whereas an insufficient amount results in uncontrolled cell proliferation, such as cancer.Some factors like Fas receptor, caspases (C-cysteine rich, asp- aspartic acid moiety containing, ase – proteases) etc. promote apoptosis, while members of Bcl-2 inhibit apoptosis.