Cell adhesion in plants is under the control of
... TSR domains, we identified a number of proteins containing EGF-like domains. However, only a subset of these contain the conserved C2-X(3-5)-S/T-C3 site that is the described substrate of O-fucosyltransferases (see Fig. 3C, Table S1) (Takeuchi and Haltiwanger, 2014). Interestingly, the list of putat ...
... TSR domains, we identified a number of proteins containing EGF-like domains. However, only a subset of these contain the conserved C2-X(3-5)-S/T-C3 site that is the described substrate of O-fucosyltransferases (see Fig. 3C, Table S1) (Takeuchi and Haltiwanger, 2014). Interestingly, the list of putat ...
The Mechanisms of hsp27 Antibody-Mediated Apoptosis in Retinal
... Mannheim, Germany) was used to identif y apoptotic cells in human retina. Briefly, after deparaffinization, 4-m-thick sections of the human retina were incubated with a mixture of fluorescein-labeled nucleotides and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase for 1 hr. The slides were examined using a fl ...
... Mannheim, Germany) was used to identif y apoptotic cells in human retina. Briefly, after deparaffinization, 4-m-thick sections of the human retina were incubated with a mixture of fluorescein-labeled nucleotides and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase for 1 hr. The slides were examined using a fl ...
Protection of Retinal Ganglion Cells from Natural and Axotomy
... whole mounts that were stained with cresyl violet, and we compared this total with the number of ganglion cell axons determined by Williams and colleagues (1990) at P0. We find that the total number of cells in the RGC layer at P1 (115,000; Table 1) is approximately equal to the number of fibers in ...
... whole mounts that were stained with cresyl violet, and we compared this total with the number of ganglion cell axons determined by Williams and colleagues (1990) at P0. We find that the total number of cells in the RGC layer at P1 (115,000; Table 1) is approximately equal to the number of fibers in ...
Cardioprotective Effects of Erythropoietin in Rats Subjected to
... apoptosis, these enzymes are inactivated. As translocase and floppase are inactivated, scramblase, an enzyme that equilibrates the membrane lipids on the inner and outer leaflet of the cell membrane, is activated. This combination of enzyme inactivation and activation results in the rapid appearance ...
... apoptosis, these enzymes are inactivated. As translocase and floppase are inactivated, scramblase, an enzyme that equilibrates the membrane lipids on the inner and outer leaflet of the cell membrane, is activated. This combination of enzyme inactivation and activation results in the rapid appearance ...
Cell-cycle regulation
... The exclamation figure denotes the active kinase complex, the large arrow indicates time. ...
... The exclamation figure denotes the active kinase complex, the large arrow indicates time. ...
Cell migration: mechanisms of rear detachment and the formation of
... Cell migration is central to many biological and pathological processes, including embryogenesis, tissue repair and regeneration as well as cancer and the inflammatory response. In general, cell migration can be usefully conceptualized as a cyclic process. The initial response of a cell to a migrati ...
... Cell migration is central to many biological and pathological processes, including embryogenesis, tissue repair and regeneration as well as cancer and the inflammatory response. In general, cell migration can be usefully conceptualized as a cyclic process. The initial response of a cell to a migrati ...
Gene expression, oxidative stress and apoptotic changes in rabbit
... eimeriosis might be due to the cellular defence systems being overwhelmed by excessive formation of reactive compounds, and that this is suggestive of oxidative stress (Eraslan et al. 2004, Ahmed and Hassan 2007, Çam et al. 2008). The increases in MDA and NO and decreases in CAT and GSH observed in ...
... eimeriosis might be due to the cellular defence systems being overwhelmed by excessive formation of reactive compounds, and that this is suggestive of oxidative stress (Eraslan et al. 2004, Ahmed and Hassan 2007, Çam et al. 2008). The increases in MDA and NO and decreases in CAT and GSH observed in ...
Intercellular adhesion, signalling and the cytoskeleton
... in Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells18. At the initial stages of calcium-induced intercellular adhesion, E-cadherin, βcatenin and α-catenin organize into distinct aggregates, referred to as ‘puncta’18,19. These cadherin–catenin complexes are linked to the cytoskeleton through thin bu ...
... in Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells18. At the initial stages of calcium-induced intercellular adhesion, E-cadherin, βcatenin and α-catenin organize into distinct aggregates, referred to as ‘puncta’18,19. These cadherin–catenin complexes are linked to the cytoskeleton through thin bu ...
A Vacuolar Processing Enzyme, dVPE, Is Involved in Seed Coat
... integuments of developing wild-type seeds at the torpedoshaped-embryo stages. At first, cells in the ii2 layer started shrinkage and plasmolysis (Figure 6A). The plasma membrane and tonoplast are partially disrupted (indicated by an asterisk in Figure 6A). At this stage, cells in the ii1 and ii3 lay ...
... integuments of developing wild-type seeds at the torpedoshaped-embryo stages. At first, cells in the ii2 layer started shrinkage and plasmolysis (Figure 6A). The plasma membrane and tonoplast are partially disrupted (indicated by an asterisk in Figure 6A). At this stage, cells in the ii1 and ii3 lay ...
The many ways to age for a single yeast cell
... necrosis (Allen et al., 2006). Importantly, early death during ageing combined with a high mutation frequency, all linked to superoxide as a regulator (Fabrizio et al., 2004a, 2004b), seems to favour the adaptation to and growth in a constantly changing environment (adaptive regrowth), ...
... necrosis (Allen et al., 2006). Importantly, early death during ageing combined with a high mutation frequency, all linked to superoxide as a regulator (Fabrizio et al., 2004a, 2004b), seems to favour the adaptation to and growth in a constantly changing environment (adaptive regrowth), ...
Functional Characterization of a Mitochondrial Ser/Thr Protein
... 5.2. PP2Cm deficiency on mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation and respiration 5.3. PP2Cm deficiency on mitochondria permeability transition pore regulation (Weiss et al., 2003) 6. Mitochondrial Phosphatase in Cell Death Regulation Acknowledgments References ...
... 5.2. PP2Cm deficiency on mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation and respiration 5.3. PP2Cm deficiency on mitochondria permeability transition pore regulation (Weiss et al., 2003) 6. Mitochondrial Phosphatase in Cell Death Regulation Acknowledgments References ...
Imaging ER-to-Golgi transport: towards a
... et al., 2006). This simple but elegant approach revealed that each cisterna initially labelled by the cis-Golgi marker (green) changed colour to the trans-Golgi marker (red), suggesting that Golgi cisternae mature over time (Losev et al., 2006; Matsuura-Tokita et al., 2006). These results are consis ...
... et al., 2006). This simple but elegant approach revealed that each cisterna initially labelled by the cis-Golgi marker (green) changed colour to the trans-Golgi marker (red), suggesting that Golgi cisternae mature over time (Losev et al., 2006; Matsuura-Tokita et al., 2006). These results are consis ...
Cell shape determination in Escherichia coli
... It has been proposed [37] that a change in growth rate may be sensed as a change in cytoplasmic turgor pressure, hence a change in the stress placed on the cell envelope. The stress theory of morphogenesis is discussed in detail by Harold in this issue. It should be emphasized, however, that there ...
... It has been proposed [37] that a change in growth rate may be sensed as a change in cytoplasmic turgor pressure, hence a change in the stress placed on the cell envelope. The stress theory of morphogenesis is discussed in detail by Harold in this issue. It should be emphasized, however, that there ...
THE PLAY ABOUT A PLANT CELL, AN ANIMAL CELL, AND A
... Cell Membrane: I do what I have to do. It is my job, you know, to keep things in that aren’t on the exit list?!?!? Oxy: Oh I am so sorry I should…probably… get going. Cell Membrane: So soon?????? Oxy: Well maybe there is time for one more question? Cell Membrane: Sure! Oxy: What’s this colorless, je ...
... Cell Membrane: I do what I have to do. It is my job, you know, to keep things in that aren’t on the exit list?!?!? Oxy: Oh I am so sorry I should…probably… get going. Cell Membrane: So soon?????? Oxy: Well maybe there is time for one more question? Cell Membrane: Sure! Oxy: What’s this colorless, je ...
Programmed Cell Death in Floral Organs: How and Why do Flowers
... van Doorn and Woltering (2005) have recently categorized plant PCD into three types: apoptotic, autophagic and neither apoptotic nor autophagic. In animal cells four types of apoptosis have been described (Orrenius et al., 2003), three of which involve cytochrome c release from the mitochondrion con ...
... van Doorn and Woltering (2005) have recently categorized plant PCD into three types: apoptotic, autophagic and neither apoptotic nor autophagic. In animal cells four types of apoptosis have been described (Orrenius et al., 2003), three of which involve cytochrome c release from the mitochondrion con ...
Cell Cycle - University of Bath
... competency for cell cycle progression. Other cell cyclerelated regulatory loops involve chromosome condensation, spindle assembly, metabolism and assembly of CDK1 (cdc2) (a key protein kinase in cell cycle regulation) and assembly/disassembly of DNA replication factor complexes (replicators and pote ...
... competency for cell cycle progression. Other cell cyclerelated regulatory loops involve chromosome condensation, spindle assembly, metabolism and assembly of CDK1 (cdc2) (a key protein kinase in cell cycle regulation) and assembly/disassembly of DNA replication factor complexes (replicators and pote ...
Bio 226: Cell and Molecular Biology
... Size & shape depends on cell # & cell size Decide which way to divide & which way to elongate • Periclinal = perpendicular to surface: get longer • Anticlinal = parallel to surface: add more layers Now must decide which way to elongate: which walls to stretch ...
... Size & shape depends on cell # & cell size Decide which way to divide & which way to elongate • Periclinal = perpendicular to surface: get longer • Anticlinal = parallel to surface: add more layers Now must decide which way to elongate: which walls to stretch ...
Commentary in EMBO Journal
... integral part of the larger waste recycling strategy. Autophagy, the process of cellular “self-digestion”, was initially described by Christian de Duve, was outlined in molecular terms primarily by Yoshinori Ohsumi and colleagues, and was initially characterized as a cellular strategy for maintainin ...
... integral part of the larger waste recycling strategy. Autophagy, the process of cellular “self-digestion”, was initially described by Christian de Duve, was outlined in molecular terms primarily by Yoshinori Ohsumi and colleagues, and was initially characterized as a cellular strategy for maintainin ...
Paclitaxel-induced microtubule stabilization causes mitotic block
... S. cerevisiae proliferation to decreased microtubule dynamics. For example, we found that a β-tubulin C354S mutant proliferated at a rate equivalent to that of the wild-type strain, even though microtubule dynamics in the mutant were decreased by 73% to 98%, depending on the stage in the cell cycle ...
... S. cerevisiae proliferation to decreased microtubule dynamics. For example, we found that a β-tubulin C354S mutant proliferated at a rate equivalent to that of the wild-type strain, even though microtubule dynamics in the mutant were decreased by 73% to 98%, depending on the stage in the cell cycle ...
S1 Topic 8 The Basic Structure of a Cell
... The teacher checks the answers. He/she may ask students to take turns to come out and put the answers on the blackboard and have the class to check whether those answers are correct. In this way, students may be more cautious about their spelling. ...
... The teacher checks the answers. He/she may ask students to take turns to come out and put the answers on the blackboard and have the class to check whether those answers are correct. In this way, students may be more cautious about their spelling. ...
Flat file for auto loading into the CBO 1.0 version. Individual sections
... cells that contain half the number of chromosomes as the diploid cell. Meiotic division occurs during the formation of gametes from diploid organisms and at the beginning of haplophase in those organisms that alternate between diploid and haploid ...
... cells that contain half the number of chromosomes as the diploid cell. Meiotic division occurs during the formation of gametes from diploid organisms and at the beginning of haplophase in those organisms that alternate between diploid and haploid ...
Cytokinesis in flowering plants: cellular process
... sex-specific genetic regulation [32,33]. The male and female gametophytic divisions occur normally in all cytokinesis mutants analyzed — knolle, keule, stud, tes and cyd, implying that other as yet unidentified components are involved. Endosperm cellularisation is a unique kind of cytokinesis (revie ...
... sex-specific genetic regulation [32,33]. The male and female gametophytic divisions occur normally in all cytokinesis mutants analyzed — knolle, keule, stud, tes and cyd, implying that other as yet unidentified components are involved. Endosperm cellularisation is a unique kind of cytokinesis (revie ...
7.2 powerpoint
... In many cells, the smooth ER contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks, including the synthesis of membrane lipids and the detoxification of drugs. ...
... In many cells, the smooth ER contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks, including the synthesis of membrane lipids and the detoxification of drugs. ...
Apigenin
... Plant-derived flavonoids are inhibitors of various intracellular processes, notably phosphorylation pathways, and potential inhibitors of cellular autoimmunity. In this study, the inhibiting effects of various flavonoids on antigen-specific proliferation and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production b ...
... Plant-derived flavonoids are inhibitors of various intracellular processes, notably phosphorylation pathways, and potential inhibitors of cellular autoimmunity. In this study, the inhibiting effects of various flavonoids on antigen-specific proliferation and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production b ...
Slide 1
... fresh serum capable of lysing antibody (Ab)-coated cells. • This activity is destroyed (inactivated) by heating serum at 56 degrees C for 30 minutes. ...
... fresh serum capable of lysing antibody (Ab)-coated cells. • This activity is destroyed (inactivated) by heating serum at 56 degrees C for 30 minutes. ...
Apoptosis
Apoptosis (/ˌæpəˈtoʊsɪs/; from Ancient Greek ἀπό apo, ""by, from, of, since, than"" and πτῶσις ptōsis, ""fall"") is the process of programmed cell death that may occur in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology) and death. These changes include blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, chromosomal DNA fragmentation, and global mRNA decay.In contrast to necrosis, which is a form of traumatic cell death that results from acute cellular injury, apoptosis is a highly regulated and controlled process that confers advantages during an organism's lifecycle. For example, the separation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the digits undergo apoptosis. Unlike necrosis, apoptosis produces cell fragments called apoptotic bodies that phagocytic cells are able to engulf and quickly remove before the contents of the cell can spill out onto surrounding cells and cause damage.Between 50 and 70 billion cells die each day due to apoptosis in the average human adult. For an average child between the ages of 8 and 14, approximately 20 billion to 30 billion cells die a day.Research in and around apoptosis has increased substantially since the early 1990s. In addition to its importance as a biological phenomenon, defective apoptotic processes have been implicated in a wide variety of diseases. Excessive apoptosis causes atrophy, whereas an insufficient amount results in uncontrolled cell proliferation, such as cancer.Some factors like Fas receptor, caspases (C-cysteine rich, asp- aspartic acid moiety containing, ase – proteases) etc. promote apoptosis, while members of Bcl-2 inhibit apoptosis.