Essential Cell Biology
... • Cell-Surface Receptors Fall into Three Main Classes • Ion-channel–coupled Receptors Convert Chemical Signals into Electrical Ones ...
... • Cell-Surface Receptors Fall into Three Main Classes • Ion-channel–coupled Receptors Convert Chemical Signals into Electrical Ones ...
Silica nanoparticles enhance autophagic activity, disturb endothelial
... Currently, study on the biological behavior of ENMs in endothelial cells is important for safety evaluation of ENMs. In the 2013 OECD final report entitled “Safety of Manufactured Nanomaterials”, the transformation, degradation and persistence of ENMs have received the highest priority, and the degr ...
... Currently, study on the biological behavior of ENMs in endothelial cells is important for safety evaluation of ENMs. In the 2013 OECD final report entitled “Safety of Manufactured Nanomaterials”, the transformation, degradation and persistence of ENMs have received the highest priority, and the degr ...
Cue-Signal-Response Analysis of TNF-Induced
... PETER K. SORGER,1,2 and DOUGLAS A. LAUFFENBURGER1,2 ...
... PETER K. SORGER,1,2 and DOUGLAS A. LAUFFENBURGER1,2 ...
Perifosine, an oral bioactive novel alkylphospholipid
... Adherence of MM cells to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) augments MM cell growth and protects against Dex-induced apoptosis,11,29 but perifosine induces apoptosis even of MM cells adherent to BMSCs. Finally, perifosine inhibits human MM cell growth and prolongs host survival in a murine model of h ...
... Adherence of MM cells to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) augments MM cell growth and protects against Dex-induced apoptosis,11,29 but perifosine induces apoptosis even of MM cells adherent to BMSCs. Finally, perifosine inhibits human MM cell growth and prolongs host survival in a murine model of h ...
Lesson Plans for the Animal Cell
... cell membrane - the thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell. It is represented by the plastic bag. centrosome - a small body located near the nucleus - it has a dense center and radiating tubules. This is where microtubules are made. During cell division (mitosis), the centrosome divid ...
... cell membrane - the thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell. It is represented by the plastic bag. centrosome - a small body located near the nucleus - it has a dense center and radiating tubules. This is where microtubules are made. During cell division (mitosis), the centrosome divid ...
Reverse Engineering Models of Cell Cycle Regulation
... In order to achieve balanced growth and division, the state of the master regulator must be sensitive to the cell’s mass-to-DNA ratio. Hence, in Figure 2, we interpret the horizontal axis as cell size. At cell division, cell size is reset birth size = 0.5*(division size). If birth size is less than ...
... In order to achieve balanced growth and division, the state of the master regulator must be sensitive to the cell’s mass-to-DNA ratio. Hence, in Figure 2, we interpret the horizontal axis as cell size. At cell division, cell size is reset birth size = 0.5*(division size). If birth size is less than ...
PowerPoint 프레젠테이션
... • The uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation is a means of generating heat to maintain body temperature in hibernating animals, in some newborn animals, and in mammals adapted to cold. • brown adipose tissue: specialized for nonshivering thermogenesis • UCP-1 (thermogenin): uncoupling protein in in ...
... • The uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation is a means of generating heat to maintain body temperature in hibernating animals, in some newborn animals, and in mammals adapted to cold. • brown adipose tissue: specialized for nonshivering thermogenesis • UCP-1 (thermogenin): uncoupling protein in in ...
Preface The plant cell cycle in context
... The first few years of molecular cloning studies of the plant cell cycle thus identified many of the plant cell cycle regulators through DNA homology or conserved function, a process completed when the Arabidopsis genome sequence became available. The use of these approaches tended to emphasize cons ...
... The first few years of molecular cloning studies of the plant cell cycle thus identified many of the plant cell cycle regulators through DNA homology or conserved function, a process completed when the Arabidopsis genome sequence became available. The use of these approaches tended to emphasize cons ...
chapter07_section02_JKedit
... Structures within a eukaryotic cell that perform important cellular functions are known as organelles. Cell biologists divide the eukaryotic cell into two major parts: the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The Cytoplasm is the portion of the cell outside the nucleus. Slide 3 of 49 End Show ...
... Structures within a eukaryotic cell that perform important cellular functions are known as organelles. Cell biologists divide the eukaryotic cell into two major parts: the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The Cytoplasm is the portion of the cell outside the nucleus. Slide 3 of 49 End Show ...
Morphological classification of plant cell deaths
... reasons. First, rigid cell walls preclude the necessity for breakdown of the plant cells into apoptotic bodies. Second, there are no phagocytic cells. A considerable number of articles describing ‘plant apoptosis’ or ‘apoptotic-like programmed cell ...
... reasons. First, rigid cell walls preclude the necessity for breakdown of the plant cells into apoptotic bodies. Second, there are no phagocytic cells. A considerable number of articles describing ‘plant apoptosis’ or ‘apoptotic-like programmed cell ...
PDF - The Journal of Cell Biology
... -6, respectively, which function as NT receptors and promote neuronal survival, circuit connectivity, and structural synaptic plasticity (Weber et al., 2003; Zhu et al., 2008; McIlroy et al., 2013; Sutcliffe et al., 2013; Ward et al., 2015; McLaughlin et al., 2016). Tolls belong to the Toll receptor ...
... -6, respectively, which function as NT receptors and promote neuronal survival, circuit connectivity, and structural synaptic plasticity (Weber et al., 2003; Zhu et al., 2008; McIlroy et al., 2013; Sutcliffe et al., 2013; Ward et al., 2015; McLaughlin et al., 2016). Tolls belong to the Toll receptor ...
For unknown reasons, p21 expression induces different effects in
... differentiation state triggered by shortening and/or dysfunction of telomeres (9). This phenotype is characterized by an irreversible growth arrest, as well as distinctive morphological changes and markers (10,11). Senescence is also a tumour suppressor mechanism that prevents emergence of transform ...
... differentiation state triggered by shortening and/or dysfunction of telomeres (9). This phenotype is characterized by an irreversible growth arrest, as well as distinctive morphological changes and markers (10,11). Senescence is also a tumour suppressor mechanism that prevents emergence of transform ...
Autophagy_Marc
... cellular components through the actions of lysosomes . The breakdown of cellular components promotes cellular survival during starvation by maintaining cellular energy levels. Autophagy allows the degradation and recycling of cellular components. During this process, targeted cytoplasmic constituent ...
... cellular components through the actions of lysosomes . The breakdown of cellular components promotes cellular survival during starvation by maintaining cellular energy levels. Autophagy allows the degradation and recycling of cellular components. During this process, targeted cytoplasmic constituent ...
Reverse Engineering Models of Cell Cycle Regulation
... In order to achieve balanced growth and division, the state of the master regulator must be sensitive to the cell’s mass-to-DNA ratio. Hence, in Figure 2, we interpret the horizontal axis as cell size. At cell division, cell size is reset birth size = 0.5*(division size). If birth size is less than ...
... In order to achieve balanced growth and division, the state of the master regulator must be sensitive to the cell’s mass-to-DNA ratio. Hence, in Figure 2, we interpret the horizontal axis as cell size. At cell division, cell size is reset birth size = 0.5*(division size). If birth size is less than ...
Я-Amyloid-Induced Synthesis of the Ganglioside Gd3 Is a Requisite
... higher than in control cultures, 16 hr after the addition of AP(25–35) (Fig. 1 A,B). In Figure 2 A,B,D, double-fluorescence analysis of GD3 ( green) and nuclear chromatin (red) showed few neurons expressing GD3 in control cultures or in cultures exposed to the reverse peptide AP(35–25). Nearly all ...
... higher than in control cultures, 16 hr after the addition of AP(25–35) (Fig. 1 A,B). In Figure 2 A,B,D, double-fluorescence analysis of GD3 ( green) and nuclear chromatin (red) showed few neurons expressing GD3 in control cultures or in cultures exposed to the reverse peptide AP(35–25). Nearly all ...
Separate metabolic pathways leading to DNA fragmentation and
... MicrococcalNucleaseInducesDNA FragmentationwithoutChromatin Condensation in IsolatedNuclei. It has been shown previously that the DNA hddering pattern induced during apoptosis by endonuclease activation can be mimicked by the addition of micrococcal nuclease to isolated thymocyte nuclei (31). We iso ...
... MicrococcalNucleaseInducesDNA FragmentationwithoutChromatin Condensation in IsolatedNuclei. It has been shown previously that the DNA hddering pattern induced during apoptosis by endonuclease activation can be mimicked by the addition of micrococcal nuclease to isolated thymocyte nuclei (31). We iso ...
Murine Siva-1 and Siva-2, alternate splice forms of the mouse Siva
... receptor cytoplasmic tail appears to be critical for signal transduction. Several novel and important intracellular signaling molecules that associate with the cytoplasmic tails of various TNFR family members have been cloned and characterized. They can broadly be divided into three groups, the ®rst ...
... receptor cytoplasmic tail appears to be critical for signal transduction. Several novel and important intracellular signaling molecules that associate with the cytoplasmic tails of various TNFR family members have been cloned and characterized. They can broadly be divided into three groups, the ®rst ...
Lesson Overview
... In many cells, the smooth ER contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks, including the synthesis of membrane lipids and the detoxification of drugs. ...
... In many cells, the smooth ER contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks, including the synthesis of membrane lipids and the detoxification of drugs. ...
A Role for Mitochondria in the Establishment and
... PM support the notion that mitochondria can be primary intracellular targets for the initiation of changes in cell function (Fujie et al., 1993; Smith et al., 2000). ...
... PM support the notion that mitochondria can be primary intracellular targets for the initiation of changes in cell function (Fujie et al., 1993; Smith et al., 2000). ...
Chapter 1 Literature Review
... evaluate the biological reactions to metal ions potentially released from prosthetic implants. Cells were incubated with different metals (Ni2+, Co2+, Cr3+ and Fe2+) and the following results were reported: The production of IL-1β, Il-6 and TNF-α, as well as DNA binding of NF-κB was enhanced by all ...
... evaluate the biological reactions to metal ions potentially released from prosthetic implants. Cells were incubated with different metals (Ni2+, Co2+, Cr3+ and Fe2+) and the following results were reported: The production of IL-1β, Il-6 and TNF-α, as well as DNA binding of NF-κB was enhanced by all ...
A comparison between nuclear dismantling during plant and animal
... PCD and, thus, it has been proposed that cell death in plants does not take place by the process of apoptosis; however, the degree of conservation of plant and animal cell death programmes is at the moment a matter of debate [4]. The notion that plants seem to have evolved different mechanisms for P ...
... PCD and, thus, it has been proposed that cell death in plants does not take place by the process of apoptosis; however, the degree of conservation of plant and animal cell death programmes is at the moment a matter of debate [4]. The notion that plants seem to have evolved different mechanisms for P ...
Separate Metabolic Pathways Leading to DNA Fragmentation
... MicrococcalNucleaseInducesDNA FragmentationwithoutChromatin Condensation in IsolatedNuclei. It has been shown previously that the DNA hddering pattern induced during apoptosis by endonuclease activation can be mimicked by the addition of micrococcal nuclease to isolated thymocyte nuclei (31). We iso ...
... MicrococcalNucleaseInducesDNA FragmentationwithoutChromatin Condensation in IsolatedNuclei. It has been shown previously that the DNA hddering pattern induced during apoptosis by endonuclease activation can be mimicked by the addition of micrococcal nuclease to isolated thymocyte nuclei (31). We iso ...
The role of vacuole in plant cell death
... Most mature plant cells have vacuoles that occupy a large part of the cell volume. This feature is unique to plant cells. There are two types of vacuoles, lytic vacuoles and protein storage vacuoles.1 Lytic vacuoles contain hydrolytic enzymes to degrade cellular materials that are no longer required ...
... Most mature plant cells have vacuoles that occupy a large part of the cell volume. This feature is unique to plant cells. There are two types of vacuoles, lytic vacuoles and protein storage vacuoles.1 Lytic vacuoles contain hydrolytic enzymes to degrade cellular materials that are no longer required ...
Apoptosis
Apoptosis (/ˌæpəˈtoʊsɪs/; from Ancient Greek ἀπό apo, ""by, from, of, since, than"" and πτῶσις ptōsis, ""fall"") is the process of programmed cell death that may occur in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology) and death. These changes include blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, chromosomal DNA fragmentation, and global mRNA decay.In contrast to necrosis, which is a form of traumatic cell death that results from acute cellular injury, apoptosis is a highly regulated and controlled process that confers advantages during an organism's lifecycle. For example, the separation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the digits undergo apoptosis. Unlike necrosis, apoptosis produces cell fragments called apoptotic bodies that phagocytic cells are able to engulf and quickly remove before the contents of the cell can spill out onto surrounding cells and cause damage.Between 50 and 70 billion cells die each day due to apoptosis in the average human adult. For an average child between the ages of 8 and 14, approximately 20 billion to 30 billion cells die a day.Research in and around apoptosis has increased substantially since the early 1990s. In addition to its importance as a biological phenomenon, defective apoptotic processes have been implicated in a wide variety of diseases. Excessive apoptosis causes atrophy, whereas an insufficient amount results in uncontrolled cell proliferation, such as cancer.Some factors like Fas receptor, caspases (C-cysteine rich, asp- aspartic acid moiety containing, ase – proteases) etc. promote apoptosis, while members of Bcl-2 inhibit apoptosis.