Corticofugal modulation of functional connectivity within the auditory
... cortical areas may modulate the gain of transmission of tactile signalling through the thalamus (Ghosh et al., 1994) and visual-dependent complex balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs exerted on the LGN principal cells can induce correlated firing under control of cortical feedback (Sillito et ...
... cortical areas may modulate the gain of transmission of tactile signalling through the thalamus (Ghosh et al., 1994) and visual-dependent complex balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs exerted on the LGN principal cells can induce correlated firing under control of cortical feedback (Sillito et ...
~ Pergamon
... emotional processes. The cellular features which contribute to the functional specialization of its subsectors are poorly understood. In this study we determined the distribution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase-positive neurons in structurally and functionally distinct pref ...
... emotional processes. The cellular features which contribute to the functional specialization of its subsectors are poorly understood. In this study we determined the distribution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase-positive neurons in structurally and functionally distinct pref ...
NIH Public Access
... hindbrain (rhombencephalon). In order to accomplish this, the neurons produced by neural progenitor cells begin a process of migration that results in the anatomical development of the cortex, which primarily occurs during the fetal period. ...
... hindbrain (rhombencephalon). In order to accomplish this, the neurons produced by neural progenitor cells begin a process of migration that results in the anatomical development of the cortex, which primarily occurs during the fetal period. ...
Inhibitory interneurons in the piriform cortex
... of the piriform cortex. A, Ventrolateral aspect of the rat brain, showing the olfactory bulb (OB), lateral olfactory tract (LOT), and the locations of the anterior and posterior piriform cortex (aPC and pPC, respectively), which are approximately demarcated by the dashed line. rf, rhinal fissure. A ...
... of the piriform cortex. A, Ventrolateral aspect of the rat brain, showing the olfactory bulb (OB), lateral olfactory tract (LOT), and the locations of the anterior and posterior piriform cortex (aPC and pPC, respectively), which are approximately demarcated by the dashed line. rf, rhinal fissure. A ...
Transsylvian and Transinsular Approach
... superior cerebellar arteries (SCA) can be visualized. Perforating arteries from the basilar. MA. and PCoA arteries are alsa well visualized. On December 12. 1987. we first used (13) a transsylvian approach in a patient with capsular hemiparesis (degree. 0-3) and motor dysphasia. due to a microinfarc ...
... superior cerebellar arteries (SCA) can be visualized. Perforating arteries from the basilar. MA. and PCoA arteries are alsa well visualized. On December 12. 1987. we first used (13) a transsylvian approach in a patient with capsular hemiparesis (degree. 0-3) and motor dysphasia. due to a microinfarc ...
Auditory Brain Development in Children With Hearing Loss– Part One
... their hearing as adults, and received a CI after a variable We have yet to develop a full understanding of exactly how range of duration of deafness (1 to 48 years). As shown in and where auditory objects are represented in the brain. DeFigure 3, a broad area of activation was seen in the auditory r ...
... their hearing as adults, and received a CI after a variable We have yet to develop a full understanding of exactly how range of duration of deafness (1 to 48 years). As shown in and where auditory objects are represented in the brain. DeFigure 3, a broad area of activation was seen in the auditory r ...
The limbic system. A maze on the essentials: memory, learning and
... behavior. He described the "Papez Circuit", which connects the hippocampus with the thalamus, through the cingulate gyrus. (Figure 2) Today, the limbic system is considered a set of structures interconnected among themselves and with other areas, in the brain and in the body. It is located in the me ...
... behavior. He described the "Papez Circuit", which connects the hippocampus with the thalamus, through the cingulate gyrus. (Figure 2) Today, the limbic system is considered a set of structures interconnected among themselves and with other areas, in the brain and in the body. It is located in the me ...
Analogues of simple and complex cells in rhesus monkey auditory
... visual simple cells are really characterized by the existence of adjacent excitatory bands that respond with a firing-rate increase to a light stimulus being turned on or off, rather than by the existence or absence of inhibitory sidebands. Complex cells, by contrast, have OFF responses but no inhibi ...
... visual simple cells are really characterized by the existence of adjacent excitatory bands that respond with a firing-rate increase to a light stimulus being turned on or off, rather than by the existence or absence of inhibitory sidebands. Complex cells, by contrast, have OFF responses but no inhibi ...
Segregation and convergence of specialised pathways in
... At the level of cortical area V2, the various visual inputs to the cortex have reorganised to form 3 distinct channels. Anatomically these are embodied in the thick and thin dark stripes, and paler interstripes characteristic of cytochrome oxidase architecture. Do the outputs of these compartments r ...
... At the level of cortical area V2, the various visual inputs to the cortex have reorganised to form 3 distinct channels. Anatomically these are embodied in the thick and thin dark stripes, and paler interstripes characteristic of cytochrome oxidase architecture. Do the outputs of these compartments r ...
The cortical language circuit: from auditory perception to sentence
... Figure 1. The cortical language circuit (schematic view of the left hemisphere). The major gyri involved in language processing are colorcoded. In the frontal cortex, four language-related regions are labeled: three cytoarchitectonically defined Brodmann [39] areas (BA 47, 45, 44), the premotor cort ...
... Figure 1. The cortical language circuit (schematic view of the left hemisphere). The major gyri involved in language processing are colorcoded. In the frontal cortex, four language-related regions are labeled: three cytoarchitectonically defined Brodmann [39] areas (BA 47, 45, 44), the premotor cort ...
accepted manuscript - Radboud Repository
... ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Caret (Van Essen and Dierker, 2007). The remaining regions in the CoCoMac database were semantically linked to these 9 maps using previously developed algebraic and machine-learning techniques (Stephan et al., 2000; Bezgin et al., 2008). We analysed neural connectivity using sev ...
... ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Caret (Van Essen and Dierker, 2007). The remaining regions in the CoCoMac database were semantically linked to these 9 maps using previously developed algebraic and machine-learning techniques (Stephan et al., 2000; Bezgin et al., 2008). We analysed neural connectivity using sev ...
Developmental Changes Revealed by Immunohistochemical
... vimentin (clone Vim 3B4; Boehringer-Mannheim; 1:40). These antibodies all cross-reacted with their human counterpart protein antigens, consistent with the strong amino acid sequence conservation exhibited by these proteins. Antibody directed against GFAP was a rabbit anti-human polyclonal antibody ( ...
... vimentin (clone Vim 3B4; Boehringer-Mannheim; 1:40). These antibodies all cross-reacted with their human counterpart protein antigens, consistent with the strong amino acid sequence conservation exhibited by these proteins. Antibody directed against GFAP was a rabbit anti-human polyclonal antibody ( ...
Cortex, Cognition and the Cell: New Insights into the Pyramidal
... the Soul, Francis Crick refined the view that these qualities are determined solely by cortical cells and circuitry. Put simply, cognition is nothing more, or less, than a biological function. Accepting this to be the case, it should be possible to identify the mechanisms that subserve cognitive pro ...
... the Soul, Francis Crick refined the view that these qualities are determined solely by cortical cells and circuitry. Put simply, cognition is nothing more, or less, than a biological function. Accepting this to be the case, it should be possible to identify the mechanisms that subserve cognitive pro ...
Horizontal Interactions in Cat Striate Cortex: 1. Anatomical Substrate
... labelled terminals become organized in individual 300 to 350 pm wide clusters with a centre-to-centre spacing of about 500 pm. During the first three postnatal weeks the horizontal connections increase their span to up to 10.5 mm and the spacing between individual patches increases to about 700 prn. ...
... labelled terminals become organized in individual 300 to 350 pm wide clusters with a centre-to-centre spacing of about 500 pm. During the first three postnatal weeks the horizontal connections increase their span to up to 10.5 mm and the spacing between individual patches increases to about 700 prn. ...
Review Historical aspects of the anatomy of the reticular formation
... olivary complex among others. These tracts were connected to the corpora quadrigemina. He considered that these fibres came from the rostral region of the anterior grey column of the spinal cord. The rudimentary and imprecise descriptions by Reil and Burdach could be interpreted as an outline of wha ...
... olivary complex among others. These tracts were connected to the corpora quadrigemina. He considered that these fibres came from the rostral region of the anterior grey column of the spinal cord. The rudimentary and imprecise descriptions by Reil and Burdach could be interpreted as an outline of wha ...
Heterogeneity of GABAergic Cells in Cat Visual Cortex
... Quantitative analysis. Three nontreated cats were used for measuring the laminar distribution of positive neurons in areas 17, 18, and 19. In ...
... Quantitative analysis. Three nontreated cats were used for measuring the laminar distribution of positive neurons in areas 17, 18, and 19. In ...
Dendritic Morphology of Pyramidal Neurons in the
... critical to determine what features of pyramidal neuron morphology in humans have been uniquely modified in evolution since the last common ancestor shared with great apes. In the current study, we used rapid Golgi staining to quantify differences in the neuromorphology of supragranular pyramidal neu ...
... critical to determine what features of pyramidal neuron morphology in humans have been uniquely modified in evolution since the last common ancestor shared with great apes. In the current study, we used rapid Golgi staining to quantify differences in the neuromorphology of supragranular pyramidal neu ...
A cellular mechanism for cortical associations: an organizing
... robustly triggered by coincident input to opposite poles of the neuron, is exquisitely matched to the large- and fine-scale architecture of the cortex, and is tightly controlled by local microcircuits of inhibitory neurons targeting subcellular compartments. This article explores the experimental ev ...
... robustly triggered by coincident input to opposite poles of the neuron, is exquisitely matched to the large- and fine-scale architecture of the cortex, and is tightly controlled by local microcircuits of inhibitory neurons targeting subcellular compartments. This article explores the experimental ev ...
Distributed Modular Architectures Linking Basal Ganglia
... basal ganglia, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex and the specialized properties of certain cell types within each of those structures. namely. striatal spiny neurons, cerebellar Purkinje cells, and neocortical pyramidal cells. In our model, striatal spiny neurons of the basal ganglia function in conte ...
... basal ganglia, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex and the specialized properties of certain cell types within each of those structures. namely. striatal spiny neurons, cerebellar Purkinje cells, and neocortical pyramidal cells. In our model, striatal spiny neurons of the basal ganglia function in conte ...
Measuring Cortical Thickness - McConnell Brain Imaging Centre
... 3. These columns are further often organised into hypercolumns which combine all of the different functional columns for one area (such as one part of the visual field). The cortex has a laminar organisation, organised into six separate layers throughout the neocortex, fewer in the allocortex [12, 1 ...
... 3. These columns are further often organised into hypercolumns which combine all of the different functional columns for one area (such as one part of the visual field). The cortex has a laminar organisation, organised into six separate layers throughout the neocortex, fewer in the allocortex [12, 1 ...
Recounting the impact of Hubel and Wiesel
... and surround organization of these cells (Kuffler, 1953). More importantly they built on the Kuffler procedure of finding the stimulus required to activate each of the neurons encountered. The central point of their initial finding in 1959 (Hubel & Wiesel, 1959) was that oriented slits of light were ...
... and surround organization of these cells (Kuffler, 1953). More importantly they built on the Kuffler procedure of finding the stimulus required to activate each of the neurons encountered. The central point of their initial finding in 1959 (Hubel & Wiesel, 1959) was that oriented slits of light were ...
Kenedy,Dehay Cell-cycle control and cortical development
... Primate-specific features of corticogenesis. The organization, developmental timing and relative dimensions of the germinal and postmitotic compartments of the primate cortex differ from those of rodents34 (FIG. 1). In the monkey, cortical neurons are produced over a 60-day period from E40 to E100 ( ...
... Primate-specific features of corticogenesis. The organization, developmental timing and relative dimensions of the germinal and postmitotic compartments of the primate cortex differ from those of rodents34 (FIG. 1). In the monkey, cortical neurons are produced over a 60-day period from E40 to E100 ( ...
Cell-cycle control and cortical development - Stem
... Primate-specific features of corticogenesis. The organization, developmental timing and relative dimensions of the germinal and postmitotic compartments of the primate cortex differ from those of rodents34 (FIG. 1). In the monkey, cortical neurons are produced over a 60-day period from E40 to E100 ( ...
... Primate-specific features of corticogenesis. The organization, developmental timing and relative dimensions of the germinal and postmitotic compartments of the primate cortex differ from those of rodents34 (FIG. 1). In the monkey, cortical neurons are produced over a 60-day period from E40 to E100 ( ...
David H. Hubel - Nobel Lecture
... The going was rough. We had only the equipment for retinal stimulation and recording that had been designed a few years before by Talbot and Kuffler (3). A piece of apparatus resembling a small cyclotron held the anesthetized and paralyzed cat with its head facing almost directly upwards. A modified ...
... The going was rough. We had only the equipment for retinal stimulation and recording that had been designed a few years before by Talbot and Kuffler (3). A piece of apparatus resembling a small cyclotron held the anesthetized and paralyzed cat with its head facing almost directly upwards. A modified ...
US Copyright Law
... pictures, it is important to utilize conventions for describing the relations of regions. In general, the terms we use were derived from those used by anatomists to describe similar relations in the body as a whole; therefore, the brain's orientation with respect to the body determines the coordinat ...
... pictures, it is important to utilize conventions for describing the relations of regions. In general, the terms we use were derived from those used by anatomists to describe similar relations in the body as a whole; therefore, the brain's orientation with respect to the body determines the coordinat ...
Cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex is the cerebrum's (brain) outer layer of neural tissue in humans and other mammals. It is divided into two cortices, along the sagittal plane: the left and right cerebral hemispheres divided by the medial longitudinal fissure. The cerebral cortex plays a key role in memory, attention, perception, awareness, thought, language, and consciousness. The human cerebral cortex is 2 to 4 millimetres (0.079 to 0.157 in) thick.In large mammals, the cerebral cortex is folded, giving a much greater surface area in the confined volume of the skull. A fold or ridge in the cortex is termed a gyrus (plural gyri) and a groove or fissure is termed a sulcus (plural sulci). In the human brain more than two-thirds of the cerebral cortex is buried in the sulci.The cerebral cortex is gray matter, consisting mainly of cell bodies (with astrocytes being the most abundant cell type in the cortex as well as the human brain as a whole) and capillaries. It contrasts with the underlying white matter, consisting mainly of the white myelinated sheaths of neuronal axons. The phylogenetically most recent part of the cerebral cortex, the neocortex (also called isocortex), is differentiated into six horizontal layers; the more ancient part of the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, has at most three cellular layers. Neurons in various layers connect vertically to form small microcircuits, called cortical columns. Different neocortical regions known as Brodmann areas are distinguished by variations in their cytoarchitectonics (histological structure) and functional roles in sensation, cognition and behavior.