A quantitative description of the mouse piriform cortex
... Schüz & Palm 1989). By this measure, assuming that layer 1a occupies half the width of layer 1, the number of synapses under 1 mm2 is 85 million (since width of layer 1a in the APC is .17 mm, Figure 1). Given 2000 (or 3700) glomeruli and 41,000 neurons under 1 mm2 of cortical surface, the mean numbe ...
... Schüz & Palm 1989). By this measure, assuming that layer 1a occupies half the width of layer 1, the number of synapses under 1 mm2 is 85 million (since width of layer 1a in the APC is .17 mm, Figure 1). Given 2000 (or 3700) glomeruli and 41,000 neurons under 1 mm2 of cortical surface, the mean numbe ...
Parallel Evolution of Cortical Areas Involved in Skilled Hand Use
... forelimb morphology such as wings and hooves. Likewise, the human hand is a derivation of the forelimb that allows us to perform remarkable feats of manual precision (Mountcastle, 2005a). Interestingly, wings, hooves, and hands evolved independently from each other, but all originated from this high ...
... forelimb morphology such as wings and hooves. Likewise, the human hand is a derivation of the forelimb that allows us to perform remarkable feats of manual precision (Mountcastle, 2005a). Interestingly, wings, hooves, and hands evolved independently from each other, but all originated from this high ...
Treatment of Thalamic Pain by Chronic Motor Cortex Stimulation
... moved to the correct position by using this response. After checking that the stimulating electrode had been placed on the motor cortex by recording the V-iu of the somatosensory evoked potentials, the electrode was connected to a transmitter which was implanted in the subcutaneous area of the anter ...
... moved to the correct position by using this response. After checking that the stimulating electrode had been placed on the motor cortex by recording the V-iu of the somatosensory evoked potentials, the electrode was connected to a transmitter which was implanted in the subcutaneous area of the anter ...
From Nerve Cells to Cognition: The Internal
... perceptual and motor processes. From these microelectrode studies we have been able to see that the mechanisms of perception are much the same in humans, monkeys, and even simpler animals. These cellular studies in monkeys also made it possible to identify the importance of different combinations of ...
... perceptual and motor processes. From these microelectrode studies we have been able to see that the mechanisms of perception are much the same in humans, monkeys, and even simpler animals. These cellular studies in monkeys also made it possible to identify the importance of different combinations of ...
the central nervous system
... which rapidly differentiates into the CNS • The neural tube develops constrictions that divide the three primary brain vesicles: – Prosencephalon (forebrain) – Mesencephalon (midbrain) – Rhombencephalon (hindbrain) ...
... which rapidly differentiates into the CNS • The neural tube develops constrictions that divide the three primary brain vesicles: – Prosencephalon (forebrain) – Mesencephalon (midbrain) – Rhombencephalon (hindbrain) ...
Developmental mechanics of the primate cerebral cortex
... unequal cellular density (Richman et al. 1975), or other mechanical interactions of brain structures, such as friction of the cortical sheet with underlying subcortical structures (His 1874) or the association of the cortical plate with the sub-plate during development (Armstrong et al. 1995). Howev ...
... unequal cellular density (Richman et al. 1975), or other mechanical interactions of brain structures, such as friction of the cortical sheet with underlying subcortical structures (His 1874) or the association of the cortical plate with the sub-plate during development (Armstrong et al. 1995). Howev ...
2-2
... • The network model postulates the memory and knowledge are represented by distributed, interactive, and overlapping networks of neurons in association cortex. Such networks are cognits. • They constitute the basic units of memory or knowledge. The association cortex of post-rolandic region contains ...
... • The network model postulates the memory and knowledge are represented by distributed, interactive, and overlapping networks of neurons in association cortex. Such networks are cognits. • They constitute the basic units of memory or knowledge. The association cortex of post-rolandic region contains ...
The evolution of brains from early mammals to humans
... The large size and complex organization of the human brain makes it unique among primate brains. In particular, the neocortex constitutes about 80% of the brain, and this cortex is subdivided into a large number of functionally specialized regions, the cortical areas. Such a brain mediates accomplis ...
... The large size and complex organization of the human brain makes it unique among primate brains. In particular, the neocortex constitutes about 80% of the brain, and this cortex is subdivided into a large number of functionally specialized regions, the cortical areas. Such a brain mediates accomplis ...
On the computational architecture of the neocortex
... and the remaining neurons all project directly to the cortex with no collaterals (with one exception: see discussion of R E thalamus below). Thus, except for the R E nucleus, the nuclei in the thalamus are not directly connected to each other. Where does the thalamus get its input? Some nuclei in th ...
... and the remaining neurons all project directly to the cortex with no collaterals (with one exception: see discussion of R E thalamus below). Thus, except for the R E nucleus, the nuclei in the thalamus are not directly connected to each other. Where does the thalamus get its input? Some nuclei in th ...
On the computational architecture of the neocortex
... and the remaining neurons all project directly to the cortex with no collaterals (with one exception: see discussion of R E thalamus below). Thus, except for the R E nucleus, the nuclei in the thalamus are not directly connected to each other. Where does the thalamus get its input? Some nuclei in th ...
... and the remaining neurons all project directly to the cortex with no collaterals (with one exception: see discussion of R E thalamus below). Thus, except for the R E nucleus, the nuclei in the thalamus are not directly connected to each other. Where does the thalamus get its input? Some nuclei in th ...
Object Shape Differences Reflected by Somatosensory Cortical
... Group 1. This group engaged in two different conditions. In one they discriminated ellipsoids in the round set, and in the other they discriminated ellipsoids in the oblong set. The subjects were unaware of the ellipsoids being divided into two sets. The subjects discriminated the oblongness of elli ...
... Group 1. This group engaged in two different conditions. In one they discriminated ellipsoids in the round set, and in the other they discriminated ellipsoids in the oblong set. The subjects were unaware of the ellipsoids being divided into two sets. The subjects discriminated the oblongness of elli ...
Cerebral cortex and the clinical expression of
... a progressive movement disorder dominated by neostriatal pathology represent.The availability of novel neuroimaging methods has enabled us to evaluate cerebral cortical changes in HD, which we have found to occur early and to be topographically selective. What is less clear, however, is how these ch ...
... a progressive movement disorder dominated by neostriatal pathology represent.The availability of novel neuroimaging methods has enabled us to evaluate cerebral cortical changes in HD, which we have found to occur early and to be topographically selective. What is less clear, however, is how these ch ...
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A22254 Touch [version 2.0 ].
... thus opening stretch-sensitive ion channels, and increasing Na+ and Ca2+ conductance. The resulting inward current through these channels produces a local depolarization of the nerve or receptor cell called the receptor potential. The amplitude of the receptor potential is proportional to the amount ...
... thus opening stretch-sensitive ion channels, and increasing Na+ and Ca2+ conductance. The resulting inward current through these channels produces a local depolarization of the nerve or receptor cell called the receptor potential. The amplitude of the receptor potential is proportional to the amount ...
Brain-Behavior Network Central Nervous System Cerebral
... Brain-Behavior Network • Sensory information comes into—and decisions come out of—the central nervous ...
... Brain-Behavior Network • Sensory information comes into—and decisions come out of—the central nervous ...
Microcircuits in visual cortex Kevan AC Martin
... that recent publications on cortical microcircuits maintain this bias of approach and interest. According to the dictum, ‘anatomy tells you what could be, physiology tells you what is’ (JA Movshon, personal communication), in vivo physiology and modeling continue to be the main tools used to solve t ...
... that recent publications on cortical microcircuits maintain this bias of approach and interest. According to the dictum, ‘anatomy tells you what could be, physiology tells you what is’ (JA Movshon, personal communication), in vivo physiology and modeling continue to be the main tools used to solve t ...
Master Thesis - Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Development
... The second model, the protomap model (Rakic. 1988), conversely postulates that cortical arealisation would take place on the basis of information intrinsic to the early cortical primordium. Positional values would be encoded by the graded expression of specific genes whitin the cortical proliferati ...
... The second model, the protomap model (Rakic. 1988), conversely postulates that cortical arealisation would take place on the basis of information intrinsic to the early cortical primordium. Positional values would be encoded by the graded expression of specific genes whitin the cortical proliferati ...
DOC
... axonal processes from serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine neurons whose cell bodies lie in diencephalic, mesencephalic, and metencephalic structures (figure 2.2). THE ROLE OF THE CORTEX IN INFORMATION PROCESSING The medial temporal lobe structures in primates are considered nontopographically or ...
... axonal processes from serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine neurons whose cell bodies lie in diencephalic, mesencephalic, and metencephalic structures (figure 2.2). THE ROLE OF THE CORTEX IN INFORMATION PROCESSING The medial temporal lobe structures in primates are considered nontopographically or ...
Document
... Activity of ChAT in 9 cortical regions as a function of dementia severity Relative to the group without dementia (CDR score=0), the activity of ChAT was significantly reduced (p<0.001 for all) in the CDR 5.0 group only. BA indicates Brodmann area. (Davis et al., 1999) ...
... Activity of ChAT in 9 cortical regions as a function of dementia severity Relative to the group without dementia (CDR score=0), the activity of ChAT was significantly reduced (p<0.001 for all) in the CDR 5.0 group only. BA indicates Brodmann area. (Davis et al., 1999) ...
Brain activity during non-automatic motor production of discrete multi
... TIMEPRESSURE illustrates the importance of this difference since these regions may be associated with any of the cognitive functions present in TIME and in PRESSURE but not MOTOR. The presence of ipsilateral cerebellum among these areas is particularly relevant since it implies that this region is ...
... TIMEPRESSURE illustrates the importance of this difference since these regions may be associated with any of the cognitive functions present in TIME and in PRESSURE but not MOTOR. The presence of ipsilateral cerebellum among these areas is particularly relevant since it implies that this region is ...
Learning: Not Just the Facts, Ma`am, but the
... of getting that reward. Following each choice, they were told whether each option—the one chosen and the two unchosen— would have paid out. Boorman and colleagues focused on the lateral frontopolar cortex (lFPC). Earlier studies indicate that lFPC tracks values of alternative courses of action [14,1 ...
... of getting that reward. Following each choice, they were told whether each option—the one chosen and the two unchosen— would have paid out. Boorman and colleagues focused on the lateral frontopolar cortex (lFPC). Earlier studies indicate that lFPC tracks values of alternative courses of action [14,1 ...
Physiology Ch 55 p667-678 [4-25
... premotor/supplementary motor cortex, and 40% somatosensory cortex -passes through posterior limb of internal capsule brainstem to form pyramids of medulla (pyramidal decussation) and cross over to the other side to descend in lateral corticospinal tracts to terminate on interneurons in intermediat ...
... premotor/supplementary motor cortex, and 40% somatosensory cortex -passes through posterior limb of internal capsule brainstem to form pyramids of medulla (pyramidal decussation) and cross over to the other side to descend in lateral corticospinal tracts to terminate on interneurons in intermediat ...
Topographic Maps are Fundamental to Sensory
... sensory inputs. In addition, correlations based on local coactivations of receptors become less precise in higher levels of sensory systems, reducing the congruence between selection based on activity and chemoselectivity. Thus, small adjustments in relative roles of chemospecificity, neural activit ...
... sensory inputs. In addition, correlations based on local coactivations of receptors become less precise in higher levels of sensory systems, reducing the congruence between selection based on activity and chemoselectivity. Thus, small adjustments in relative roles of chemospecificity, neural activit ...
Neural correlates of consciousness: A definition of the dorsal and
... element of premotor category function. Joint position will be served by the cerebellum.The organization of cerebellar global networks parallels that of the basal ganglia [20]. The afferent limb is a massive corticopontine and mossy fibre system. The efferent reentrant limb is a projection of the dee ...
... element of premotor category function. Joint position will be served by the cerebellum.The organization of cerebellar global networks parallels that of the basal ganglia [20]. The afferent limb is a massive corticopontine and mossy fibre system. The efferent reentrant limb is a projection of the dee ...
Local Field Potential in the Visual System
... The primary visual cortex is the cortical area that receives visual information from the retina via the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, with most projections arriving in the thalamocortical recipient layer 4 and some also in layer 6. From layer 4, which is often referred to as the granul ...
... The primary visual cortex is the cortical area that receives visual information from the retina via the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, with most projections arriving in the thalamocortical recipient layer 4 and some also in layer 6. From layer 4, which is often referred to as the granul ...
Cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex is the cerebrum's (brain) outer layer of neural tissue in humans and other mammals. It is divided into two cortices, along the sagittal plane: the left and right cerebral hemispheres divided by the medial longitudinal fissure. The cerebral cortex plays a key role in memory, attention, perception, awareness, thought, language, and consciousness. The human cerebral cortex is 2 to 4 millimetres (0.079 to 0.157 in) thick.In large mammals, the cerebral cortex is folded, giving a much greater surface area in the confined volume of the skull. A fold or ridge in the cortex is termed a gyrus (plural gyri) and a groove or fissure is termed a sulcus (plural sulci). In the human brain more than two-thirds of the cerebral cortex is buried in the sulci.The cerebral cortex is gray matter, consisting mainly of cell bodies (with astrocytes being the most abundant cell type in the cortex as well as the human brain as a whole) and capillaries. It contrasts with the underlying white matter, consisting mainly of the white myelinated sheaths of neuronal axons. The phylogenetically most recent part of the cerebral cortex, the neocortex (also called isocortex), is differentiated into six horizontal layers; the more ancient part of the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, has at most three cellular layers. Neurons in various layers connect vertically to form small microcircuits, called cortical columns. Different neocortical regions known as Brodmann areas are distinguished by variations in their cytoarchitectonics (histological structure) and functional roles in sensation, cognition and behavior.