- Stem-cell and Brain Research Institute
... It is generally agreed that information flow through the cortex is constrained by a hierarchical architecture. Recent experimental evidence suggests that projections descending the hierarchy and targeting the primary visual cortex (area V1) may play an essential role in perceptual processes. We have ...
... It is generally agreed that information flow through the cortex is constrained by a hierarchical architecture. Recent experimental evidence suggests that projections descending the hierarchy and targeting the primary visual cortex (area V1) may play an essential role in perceptual processes. We have ...
11. The front-end visual system - LGN and cortex
... and vice versa. The optic nerve splits half its fibers in the optic chiasm on its way to the LGN, from where an extensive bundle projects to the primary visual cortex V1. From [Zeki 1993]. ...
... and vice versa. The optic nerve splits half its fibers in the optic chiasm on its way to the LGN, from where an extensive bundle projects to the primary visual cortex V1. From [Zeki 1993]. ...
Prefrontal abilities
... sulci are far more complex in the human than in other mammalian species, greatly increasing the extent of cortical surface. Some of the complex gyral patterns appear mechanical, designed to fit the increasingly large cortical surface into a finite, fixed container, the skull. Brain gyration is not e ...
... sulci are far more complex in the human than in other mammalian species, greatly increasing the extent of cortical surface. Some of the complex gyral patterns appear mechanical, designed to fit the increasingly large cortical surface into a finite, fixed container, the skull. Brain gyration is not e ...
Cerebellum
... The principal input to the spinocerebellum is somatosensory information from the spinal cord through the spinocerebellar tracts. The spinocerebellum also receives information from auditory, visual and vestibular systems. These afferent projections are somatotopically organized. The body is mapped i ...
... The principal input to the spinocerebellum is somatosensory information from the spinal cord through the spinocerebellar tracts. The spinocerebellum also receives information from auditory, visual and vestibular systems. These afferent projections are somatotopically organized. The body is mapped i ...
Transcripts/01_15 11
... (except olfaction) is relayed to the cortex via the thalamus. The recurring theme is that almost everything on its way to the cortex goes through the thalamus, not just sensory but other things as well. ii. Motor: The descending motor pathways and the corticospinal tract don’t go through the thalamu ...
... (except olfaction) is relayed to the cortex via the thalamus. The recurring theme is that almost everything on its way to the cortex goes through the thalamus, not just sensory but other things as well. ii. Motor: The descending motor pathways and the corticospinal tract don’t go through the thalamu ...
The columnar organization of the neocortex
... neocortex. Columnar defining factors in homotypical areas are generated, in part, within the cortex itself. The set of all modules composing such an entity may be fractionated into different modular subsets by different extrinsic connections. Linkages between them and subsets in other large entities ...
... neocortex. Columnar defining factors in homotypical areas are generated, in part, within the cortex itself. The set of all modules composing such an entity may be fractionated into different modular subsets by different extrinsic connections. Linkages between them and subsets in other large entities ...
Williams Syndrome Neuronal Size and Neuronal-Packing Density in Primary Visual Cortex
... receptive field size, sensitivity to color and light contrast, and timing properties. The parvo system is ideally suited for form, texture, and color analysis, while magno processes larger sections of space and appears better designed to calculate spatial location and motion. Anatomically, the magno ...
... receptive field size, sensitivity to color and light contrast, and timing properties. The parvo system is ideally suited for form, texture, and color analysis, while magno processes larger sections of space and appears better designed to calculate spatial location and motion. Anatomically, the magno ...
NEURO PresentationWORKING students B
... Function of the Basal Ganglia? • not much is known about the specific functions of each of these structures • thought to function in timing and scaling of motion and in the initiation of motion • most information comes from the result of damage to these structures and the resulting clinical abnorma ...
... Function of the Basal Ganglia? • not much is known about the specific functions of each of these structures • thought to function in timing and scaling of motion and in the initiation of motion • most information comes from the result of damage to these structures and the resulting clinical abnorma ...
Laminar Differences in Dendritic Structure of Pyramidal Neurons in
... participate in are likely to be characterized by different functional capabilities. Structural differences between cortical layers have been traditionally reported using either the Golgi method or intracellular labeling, but the structure of pyramidal cells has not previously been systematically ana ...
... participate in are likely to be characterized by different functional capabilities. Structural differences between cortical layers have been traditionally reported using either the Golgi method or intracellular labeling, but the structure of pyramidal cells has not previously been systematically ana ...
Cortical remodelling induced by activity of ventral tegmental
... Keck Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA ...
... Keck Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA ...
"Touch". In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS)
... This information is translated into a pulse (action potential) code that is conveyed to the central nervous system by the peripheral nerves. See also: Action Potentials: Generation and Propagation; Sensory Transduction Mechanisms The mechanoreceptors of the skin, like other somatic sense organs, com ...
... This information is translated into a pulse (action potential) code that is conveyed to the central nervous system by the peripheral nerves. See also: Action Potentials: Generation and Propagation; Sensory Transduction Mechanisms The mechanoreceptors of the skin, like other somatic sense organs, com ...
Transcripts/2_9 2
... ii. With removal of 3b and 1 in monkeys, deficits in fine touch b. Areas 2 and 3a i. Proprioceptive input from muscle spindle and Golgi tendon (also some cutaneous input from cortex) ii. Should know where these are located, 3a in front of 3b and area 2 is behind area 1, so straddling the cutaneous a ...
... ii. With removal of 3b and 1 in monkeys, deficits in fine touch b. Areas 2 and 3a i. Proprioceptive input from muscle spindle and Golgi tendon (also some cutaneous input from cortex) ii. Should know where these are located, 3a in front of 3b and area 2 is behind area 1, so straddling the cutaneous a ...
Functional Anatomy, Physiology and Clinical Aspects of Basal Ganglia
... 5. Anterior cingulate circuit The anterior cingulate circuit (limbic loop) is important in behavior control and adaptation of behaviours after making a mistake (ibid.). The damage of this circuit results in emotional disorders especially deep apathy and lack of spontaneity. Lowered mood is accompani ...
... 5. Anterior cingulate circuit The anterior cingulate circuit (limbic loop) is important in behavior control and adaptation of behaviours after making a mistake (ibid.). The damage of this circuit results in emotional disorders especially deep apathy and lack of spontaneity. Lowered mood is accompani ...
er81 is expressed in a subpopulation of layer 5
... cortical cell types are determined in the ventricular zone just before the final proliferation (McConnell and Kaznowski, 1991). The neurons with the same ‘birthday’ in the ventricular zone are more or less distributed in similar laminar locations (Angevine and Sidman, 1961; Rakic, 1972). On the othe ...
... cortical cell types are determined in the ventricular zone just before the final proliferation (McConnell and Kaznowski, 1991). The neurons with the same ‘birthday’ in the ventricular zone are more or less distributed in similar laminar locations (Angevine and Sidman, 1961; Rakic, 1972). On the othe ...
Heart-brain communication Veen, Frederik Martin van der
... (A5 cell group and Kölliker Fuse nucleus) and hypothalamus (paraventricular nucleus). From the perspective of the baroreflex one of the ventral medullary parts, the earlier mentioned RVLM, is most important. The many afferents coming from the NTS makes this center the most important sympathetic part ...
... (A5 cell group and Kölliker Fuse nucleus) and hypothalamus (paraventricular nucleus). From the perspective of the baroreflex one of the ventral medullary parts, the earlier mentioned RVLM, is most important. The many afferents coming from the NTS makes this center the most important sympathetic part ...
cerebellum student copy 2010
... The Neocerebellar Cortex projects ( sends its efferents ) to the Dentate Nucleus & from there to the Ventrolateral Nucleus of the Thalamus . Projections of Spinocerebellar Cortex : The medial part of the Spinocerebellum ( Vermis ) projects to the Fastigial Nuclei & from there to the brainstem . ...
... The Neocerebellar Cortex projects ( sends its efferents ) to the Dentate Nucleus & from there to the Ventrolateral Nucleus of the Thalamus . Projections of Spinocerebellar Cortex : The medial part of the Spinocerebellum ( Vermis ) projects to the Fastigial Nuclei & from there to the brainstem . ...
Physiology of the Striate Cortex
... • Map of the visual field onto a target structure (retina, LGN, superior colliculus, striate cortex) - overrepresentation of central visual field • Discrete point of light: Activates many cells in the target structure • Perception: Based on the brain’s interpretation of distributed patterns of activ ...
... • Map of the visual field onto a target structure (retina, LGN, superior colliculus, striate cortex) - overrepresentation of central visual field • Discrete point of light: Activates many cells in the target structure • Perception: Based on the brain’s interpretation of distributed patterns of activ ...
Section 1: Anatomy of the sensorimotor system
... can be divided into rostral (CMAr, area 24c), ventral (CMAv, area 23c) and dorsal (CMAd, area 6c) subregions (Picard and Strick 1996). Different subregions receive inputs from different thalamic nuclei and have reciprocal connections with distinct regions within primary motor cortex and parietal cor ...
... can be divided into rostral (CMAr, area 24c), ventral (CMAv, area 23c) and dorsal (CMAd, area 6c) subregions (Picard and Strick 1996). Different subregions receive inputs from different thalamic nuclei and have reciprocal connections with distinct regions within primary motor cortex and parietal cor ...
Essential circuits of cognition: The brain`s basic operations
... For almost any given region of posterior cortex, there is a corresponding region of anterior cortex (e.g., the frontal eye fields, connected to posterior visual cortical areas), as well as corresponding regions of striatum, pallidum and thalamus, connected in register. These complementary cortical a ...
... For almost any given region of posterior cortex, there is a corresponding region of anterior cortex (e.g., the frontal eye fields, connected to posterior visual cortical areas), as well as corresponding regions of striatum, pallidum and thalamus, connected in register. These complementary cortical a ...
asgn2d -- CEREBRAL CORTEX:
... T F Q2A. is wrinkled by ridges (gyri) and grooves (sulci) to pack more grey matter into the skull T F Q2A. is the outer layer of the front end of the brain T F Q2A. has two lobes, the anterior and the posterior The cerebral cortex is divided into many different areas, each of which is closely associ ...
... T F Q2A. is wrinkled by ridges (gyri) and grooves (sulci) to pack more grey matter into the skull T F Q2A. is the outer layer of the front end of the brain T F Q2A. has two lobes, the anterior and the posterior The cerebral cortex is divided into many different areas, each of which is closely associ ...
MirrorBot Report 6
... easily to take colour information into account, as mentioned further (cf. section 1.2.3.). 1.2. The model The setting of local filters with overlapping receptive fields, using self-organization, has been often modelled (see for example Miikkulainen et al. 1996), but models are most of the time theor ...
... easily to take colour information into account, as mentioned further (cf. section 1.2.3.). 1.2. The model The setting of local filters with overlapping receptive fields, using self-organization, has been often modelled (see for example Miikkulainen et al. 1996), but models are most of the time theor ...
Basal Forebrain Projections to Somatosensory Cortex in
... the cortical cholinergic projection is one neural substrate of this modulation. This hypothesis is based in part on the findings that acetylcholine (ACh) is released in cortex on arousal and sensory stimulation (Celesia and Jasper 1966; Phillis and Chong 1965), and that iontophoretically applied ACh ...
... the cortical cholinergic projection is one neural substrate of this modulation. This hypothesis is based in part on the findings that acetylcholine (ACh) is released in cortex on arousal and sensory stimulation (Celesia and Jasper 1966; Phillis and Chong 1965), and that iontophoretically applied ACh ...
Chapter 2 Functional Neuroanatomy
... neuron. After the neuron fires, there is a period of time when it will not fire again as the neuron ‘‘recovers.’’ ...
... neuron. After the neuron fires, there is a period of time when it will not fire again as the neuron ‘‘recovers.’’ ...
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... Broca,Werniche,Kussmaul) , can be identified with the consciousness formation that can be interpreted as a sort of constant,continous and simultaneous low-noise effect. When the cortex receives sufficient afferent impulses, it is said to be aroused or activated. That is, a critical number of cortica ...
... Broca,Werniche,Kussmaul) , can be identified with the consciousness formation that can be interpreted as a sort of constant,continous and simultaneous low-noise effect. When the cortex receives sufficient afferent impulses, it is said to be aroused or activated. That is, a critical number of cortica ...
Evolutionary roots offreedom
... edge and memory. Naturally, they deal as well with the neural transactions between the organism and the environment that depend on those functions. In the human brain, there are two separate cortical regions with areas of association. One is in the posterior part of the brain, extending over large p ...
... edge and memory. Naturally, they deal as well with the neural transactions between the organism and the environment that depend on those functions. In the human brain, there are two separate cortical regions with areas of association. One is in the posterior part of the brain, extending over large p ...
Cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex is the cerebrum's (brain) outer layer of neural tissue in humans and other mammals. It is divided into two cortices, along the sagittal plane: the left and right cerebral hemispheres divided by the medial longitudinal fissure. The cerebral cortex plays a key role in memory, attention, perception, awareness, thought, language, and consciousness. The human cerebral cortex is 2 to 4 millimetres (0.079 to 0.157 in) thick.In large mammals, the cerebral cortex is folded, giving a much greater surface area in the confined volume of the skull. A fold or ridge in the cortex is termed a gyrus (plural gyri) and a groove or fissure is termed a sulcus (plural sulci). In the human brain more than two-thirds of the cerebral cortex is buried in the sulci.The cerebral cortex is gray matter, consisting mainly of cell bodies (with astrocytes being the most abundant cell type in the cortex as well as the human brain as a whole) and capillaries. It contrasts with the underlying white matter, consisting mainly of the white myelinated sheaths of neuronal axons. The phylogenetically most recent part of the cerebral cortex, the neocortex (also called isocortex), is differentiated into six horizontal layers; the more ancient part of the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, has at most three cellular layers. Neurons in various layers connect vertically to form small microcircuits, called cortical columns. Different neocortical regions known as Brodmann areas are distinguished by variations in their cytoarchitectonics (histological structure) and functional roles in sensation, cognition and behavior.