Connections Between the Retrosplenial Cortex and the
... area C A I , and a small number of nonpyramidal neurons at the border of stratum radiatum and stratum moleculare, predominantly in area C A I (Fig. 6D). A dense cluster of neurons in the dorsal (septal) one-third of the subiculum (Fig. 6A) also projects to Rgb, as does a band of neurons in the deep ...
... area C A I , and a small number of nonpyramidal neurons at the border of stratum radiatum and stratum moleculare, predominantly in area C A I (Fig. 6D). A dense cluster of neurons in the dorsal (septal) one-third of the subiculum (Fig. 6A) also projects to Rgb, as does a band of neurons in the deep ...
Mitotic Spindle Regulation by Nde1 Controls Cerebral
... was much more pronounced in superficial cortical layers, which are formed near the end of neurogenesis (Caviness et al., 1995; Rakic, 1978; Rakic and Caviness, 1995), whereas the earlier-born, deeper cortical layers were of normal to very slightly reduced thickness (Figure 3A). The upper border of t ...
... was much more pronounced in superficial cortical layers, which are formed near the end of neurogenesis (Caviness et al., 1995; Rakic, 1978; Rakic and Caviness, 1995), whereas the earlier-born, deeper cortical layers were of normal to very slightly reduced thickness (Figure 3A). The upper border of t ...
Rule-Selection and Action-Selection have a Shared
... The regulation of human behavior is critical to our success as individuals and as a species. It is widely thought to depend on a hierarchy of cognitive and motor processes (Norman and Shallice 1980) that are often associated with the frontal lobes. In this hierarchy, actions are subordinate to the r ...
... The regulation of human behavior is critical to our success as individuals and as a species. It is widely thought to depend on a hierarchy of cognitive and motor processes (Norman and Shallice 1980) that are often associated with the frontal lobes. In this hierarchy, actions are subordinate to the r ...
Development of GAP-43 mRNA in the macaque cerebral cortex
... representative growth-associated protein that increases in accordance with axonal elongation. The amounts of mRNA, protein, and phosphorylation of GAP-43 increase during regeneration after injury and also during normal development of the central and the peripheral nervous systems Žfor review, see w6 ...
... representative growth-associated protein that increases in accordance with axonal elongation. The amounts of mRNA, protein, and phosphorylation of GAP-43 increase during regeneration after injury and also during normal development of the central and the peripheral nervous systems Žfor review, see w6 ...
Author`s personal copy
... [19,20]. Closer scrutiny reveals that these principles may not hold in these areas. In this review, we explore the extent to which these organizational principles generalize (or fail to generalize) beyond sensory and motor cortex to other associative areas of the brain, including the parietal cortex ...
... [19,20]. Closer scrutiny reveals that these principles may not hold in these areas. In this review, we explore the extent to which these organizational principles generalize (or fail to generalize) beyond sensory and motor cortex to other associative areas of the brain, including the parietal cortex ...
The rhinal cortices: a wall of inhibition between the
... chamber (EC, external capsule and WM, white matter). The continuous and dashed horizontal lines in the inset on the left depict the cortical region utilized for horizontal sections. (B) Synaptic responses to electrical stimuli (100 ms; 1.4 times the threshold intensity) applied in the neocortex at m ...
... chamber (EC, external capsule and WM, white matter). The continuous and dashed horizontal lines in the inset on the left depict the cortical region utilized for horizontal sections. (B) Synaptic responses to electrical stimuli (100 ms; 1.4 times the threshold intensity) applied in the neocortex at m ...
The functional asymmetry of auditory cortex is reflected
... characterize synaptic inputs, we added caged glutamate to the fluid bathing the slice and photoreleased at the focal spot of an ultraviolet laser beam (see Online Methods and Fig. 1b, left). Photorelease of caged glutamate near the patched neuron evoked a large, short-latency ‘direct response’ (Fig. ...
... characterize synaptic inputs, we added caged glutamate to the fluid bathing the slice and photoreleased at the focal spot of an ultraviolet laser beam (see Online Methods and Fig. 1b, left). Photorelease of caged glutamate near the patched neuron evoked a large, short-latency ‘direct response’ (Fig. ...
Otxl and Otx2 Define Layers and Regions in Developing Cerebral
... of pattern in addition to lamination. Each of these structures is also divided along the plane tangential to the pial surface into functionally distinct areas or regions. The cerebral cortex is composed of areas that subserve functions ranging from the processing of incoming sensory information to t ...
... of pattern in addition to lamination. Each of these structures is also divided along the plane tangential to the pial surface into functionally distinct areas or regions. The cerebral cortex is composed of areas that subserve functions ranging from the processing of incoming sensory information to t ...
Mapping Retinotopic Structure in Mouse Visual Cortex with Optical
... functionally (Dräger, 1975; Wagor et al., 1980) distinct areas. Mouse primary visual cortex seems to lack any obvious parcellation into functional domains, such as ocular dominance or orientation columns, which are a prominent feature in the visual cortex of many higher mammals (Hubel and Wiesel, 1 ...
... functionally (Dräger, 1975; Wagor et al., 1980) distinct areas. Mouse primary visual cortex seems to lack any obvious parcellation into functional domains, such as ocular dominance or orientation columns, which are a prominent feature in the visual cortex of many higher mammals (Hubel and Wiesel, 1 ...
The dual-pathway model of auditory signal
... not have heavy connections with the core, and connections with the ventral medial geniculate are minimal, indicating that the belt may mediates auditory information flows from the core to the parabelt and even higher order cortical areas[21]. Based on differences in connections, the parabelt has bee ...
... not have heavy connections with the core, and connections with the ventral medial geniculate are minimal, indicating that the belt may mediates auditory information flows from the core to the parabelt and even higher order cortical areas[21]. Based on differences in connections, the parabelt has bee ...
Imaging the premotor areas Nathalie Picard* and Peter L Strick
... area 6, and the pre-SMA in the rostral portion (Figure 1a; reviewed in [2,4]). The SMA and pre-SMA are equivalent to fields F3 and F6 described by Matelli et al. [5]. In humans, the level of the anterior commissure (VCA line) [6] marks the border between the two areas. The division of medial area 6 ...
... area 6, and the pre-SMA in the rostral portion (Figure 1a; reviewed in [2,4]). The SMA and pre-SMA are equivalent to fields F3 and F6 described by Matelli et al. [5]. In humans, the level of the anterior commissure (VCA line) [6] marks the border between the two areas. The division of medial area 6 ...
DSP-4 (N-(2-Chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine)
... equal numbers of cells capable of being driven by either eye, to a skewed distribution in which most cells respond only or most strongly to the nondeprived eye (for reviews see Movshon and Van Sluyters, 1981; Sherman and Spear, 1982). Kasamatsu and Pettigrew (1976, 1979) have proposed that this muta ...
... equal numbers of cells capable of being driven by either eye, to a skewed distribution in which most cells respond only or most strongly to the nondeprived eye (for reviews see Movshon and Van Sluyters, 1981; Sherman and Spear, 1982). Kasamatsu and Pettigrew (1976, 1979) have proposed that this muta ...
Organization of the primary somatosensory cortex and wing
... In the present study, a total of 221 electrode penetrations were made in Wve animals to deWne the organization of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Recording depths ranged from 50 to 250 m relative to the onset of neuronal activity at the cortical surface. Hence, the recording sites were locat ...
... In the present study, a total of 221 electrode penetrations were made in Wve animals to deWne the organization of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Recording depths ranged from 50 to 250 m relative to the onset of neuronal activity at the cortical surface. Hence, the recording sites were locat ...
A Computer Simulation of Olfactory Cortex with Functional
... patterns for dissimilar stimuli; an effect we refer to as accomodation. To test this in the model, we presented it with a random input stimulus A for 1 trial. It was then presented with a random input stimulus B (non-overlapping input fibers). The amount of overlap in the cortical responses for thes ...
... patterns for dissimilar stimuli; an effect we refer to as accomodation. To test this in the model, we presented it with a random input stimulus A for 1 trial. It was then presented with a random input stimulus B (non-overlapping input fibers). The amount of overlap in the cortical responses for thes ...
Development and function of human cerebral cortex neural networks
... highly specific manner during mouse embryonic development, initiating at ∼E16 and increasing in its frequency, before subsiding by the first week after birth (Corlew et al., 2004). Synchronised bursts in the cortex have been shown to be dependent on glutamatergic synaptic activity (Robinson et al., ...
... highly specific manner during mouse embryonic development, initiating at ∼E16 and increasing in its frequency, before subsiding by the first week after birth (Corlew et al., 2004). Synchronised bursts in the cortex have been shown to be dependent on glutamatergic synaptic activity (Robinson et al., ...
This article was originally published in the
... The cingulate cortex has been described as a neural interface between emotion, sensation, and action. This idea is strongly supported by the presence of anatomical connections linking the cingulate cortex with brain areas closely associated with each of these functions. The centrality of motivationa ...
... The cingulate cortex has been described as a neural interface between emotion, sensation, and action. This idea is strongly supported by the presence of anatomical connections linking the cingulate cortex with brain areas closely associated with each of these functions. The centrality of motivationa ...
Cortical Maps - White Rose Research Online
... a second feature has good coverage with respect to the first, e.g., for each orientation, all spatial frequencies will tend to be represented (Nauhaus and others, 2012). Topological map patterns have been described as reflecting an optimal trade-off between continuity and coverage constraints (Swind ...
... a second feature has good coverage with respect to the first, e.g., for each orientation, all spatial frequencies will tend to be represented (Nauhaus and others, 2012). Topological map patterns have been described as reflecting an optimal trade-off between continuity and coverage constraints (Swind ...
Cognitive Ability is Associated with Altered
... circuits. There is little evidence that genetic lesions associated with cortical circuit disorders alter cognition in register with developmental changes in relevant cortical regions. We therefore focused on changes that reflect 2 developmental anomalies in the LgDel frontal cortex. First, disrupted ...
... circuits. There is little evidence that genetic lesions associated with cortical circuit disorders alter cognition in register with developmental changes in relevant cortical regions. We therefore focused on changes that reflect 2 developmental anomalies in the LgDel frontal cortex. First, disrupted ...
Distribution of neurons in functional areas of the mouse cerebral
... Examining the distribution of neurons across functional areas requires well-established criteria for identifying and isolating these areas. Such criteria have been established in the most widely used mouse brain atlas, in which the cerebral cortex has been segmented by careful comparison of cytoarch ...
... Examining the distribution of neurons across functional areas requires well-established criteria for identifying and isolating these areas. Such criteria have been established in the most widely used mouse brain atlas, in which the cerebral cortex has been segmented by careful comparison of cytoarch ...
An Intracranial EEG Study of the Neural Dynamics of Musical
... cortex. However, while that study provided evidence of valence processing in all 3 regions, it did not examine how they might interact. Indeed, in this regard, it has been suggested that oscillations in the theta band bring about integration and synchronization of long-range activity within the emot ...
... cortex. However, while that study provided evidence of valence processing in all 3 regions, it did not examine how they might interact. Indeed, in this regard, it has been suggested that oscillations in the theta band bring about integration and synchronization of long-range activity within the emot ...
Role of Cerebral Cortex in Voluntary Movements
... This work was supported in part by NIH grant NS16262 and NSF grant BNS-8216608. This paper was presented as part of the Motor Control instructional course at the Fifty-Ninth Annual Conference of the American Physical Therapy ...
... This work was supported in part by NIH grant NS16262 and NSF grant BNS-8216608. This paper was presented as part of the Motor Control instructional course at the Fifty-Ninth Annual Conference of the American Physical Therapy ...
ARCHITECTONICS AND STRUCTURE OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX
... The German school of architectonics at first did not lay great emphasis upon the plan of stratification. As indicated by the Vogts (1919, p. 300),1260 Vogt and Brodmann, after careful study of the literature, selected a cytoarchitectonic diagram, which happened to be that of Bevan-Lewis (cf. Brodman ...
... The German school of architectonics at first did not lay great emphasis upon the plan of stratification. As indicated by the Vogts (1919, p. 300),1260 Vogt and Brodmann, after careful study of the literature, selected a cytoarchitectonic diagram, which happened to be that of Bevan-Lewis (cf. Brodman ...
Schwartz
... paroxysmal discharges implies a direct functional interaction between the normal cortical architecture and the genesis of epileptiform events. One of the fundamental organizing principals of the neocortex is that neurons with similar response properties are organized into columnar modules. These fun ...
... paroxysmal discharges implies a direct functional interaction between the normal cortical architecture and the genesis of epileptiform events. One of the fundamental organizing principals of the neocortex is that neurons with similar response properties are organized into columnar modules. These fun ...
Separate neural subsystems within `Wernicke`s area`
... established (Binder et al., 1996), nor is the claim for anatomical asymmetry universally accepted (Westbury et al., 1999). In contrast, functional neuroimaging studies of speech perception have drawn attention to the role of lateral auditory projections in speech processing (Binder et al., 1996, 200 ...
... established (Binder et al., 1996), nor is the claim for anatomical asymmetry universally accepted (Westbury et al., 1999). In contrast, functional neuroimaging studies of speech perception have drawn attention to the role of lateral auditory projections in speech processing (Binder et al., 1996, 200 ...
敌獳湯⌠ⴷ8
... most of its afferent input from the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem and is thus also called the vestibulocerebellum. Anatomically, it consists mainly of the flocculus and nodulus (flocculonodular lobe). The paleocerebellum (next oldest portion of the cerebellum, after the archicerebellum) receive ...
... most of its afferent input from the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem and is thus also called the vestibulocerebellum. Anatomically, it consists mainly of the flocculus and nodulus (flocculonodular lobe). The paleocerebellum (next oldest portion of the cerebellum, after the archicerebellum) receive ...
Cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex is the cerebrum's (brain) outer layer of neural tissue in humans and other mammals. It is divided into two cortices, along the sagittal plane: the left and right cerebral hemispheres divided by the medial longitudinal fissure. The cerebral cortex plays a key role in memory, attention, perception, awareness, thought, language, and consciousness. The human cerebral cortex is 2 to 4 millimetres (0.079 to 0.157 in) thick.In large mammals, the cerebral cortex is folded, giving a much greater surface area in the confined volume of the skull. A fold or ridge in the cortex is termed a gyrus (plural gyri) and a groove or fissure is termed a sulcus (plural sulci). In the human brain more than two-thirds of the cerebral cortex is buried in the sulci.The cerebral cortex is gray matter, consisting mainly of cell bodies (with astrocytes being the most abundant cell type in the cortex as well as the human brain as a whole) and capillaries. It contrasts with the underlying white matter, consisting mainly of the white myelinated sheaths of neuronal axons. The phylogenetically most recent part of the cerebral cortex, the neocortex (also called isocortex), is differentiated into six horizontal layers; the more ancient part of the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, has at most three cellular layers. Neurons in various layers connect vertically to form small microcircuits, called cortical columns. Different neocortical regions known as Brodmann areas are distinguished by variations in their cytoarchitectonics (histological structure) and functional roles in sensation, cognition and behavior.