PowerPoint 프레젠테이션
... The viral envelope protein (Env) of HIV binds CD4 first, undergoes a conformational change, then binds one of two chemokine receptors (CCR5 and CXCR4) and enters cells by fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. Uncoating of the viral capsid releases the pre-integration complex, which is routed t ...
... The viral envelope protein (Env) of HIV binds CD4 first, undergoes a conformational change, then binds one of two chemokine receptors (CCR5 and CXCR4) and enters cells by fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. Uncoating of the viral capsid releases the pre-integration complex, which is routed t ...
Antibodies
... microorganisms, eg, bacteria and viruses, to mucous membranes. Each secretory IgA molecule consists of two H2L2 units plus one molecule each of J (joining) chain and secretory component. The ...
... microorganisms, eg, bacteria and viruses, to mucous membranes. Each secretory IgA molecule consists of two H2L2 units plus one molecule each of J (joining) chain and secretory component. The ...
Immunopathology
... Type II hypersensitivity • Involves IgG or IgM antibodies that react with fixed antigen on cells or tissue components • Mechanisms of damage: – cell lysis (complement, MAC) – inflammation (complement activation) – block normal cell function – stimulate excessive cell function ...
... Type II hypersensitivity • Involves IgG or IgM antibodies that react with fixed antigen on cells or tissue components • Mechanisms of damage: – cell lysis (complement, MAC) – inflammation (complement activation) – block normal cell function – stimulate excessive cell function ...
The Immune System
... • A small amount of dead or modified pathogen is injected into the body to produce an immune response without symptoms of the infection. • Your body develops antibodies and memory cells against the pathogen (measles, polio, tetanus, diphtheria, etc). ...
... • A small amount of dead or modified pathogen is injected into the body to produce an immune response without symptoms of the infection. • Your body develops antibodies and memory cells against the pathogen (measles, polio, tetanus, diphtheria, etc). ...
Figure-17 This diagram illustrates the various effector mechanism
... immunologically distinct population of parasites (a,b,c,d); protection is not afforded by antibody against any of the preceding variants. There is a strong tendency for new variants to appear in the same order in different hosts. Variation does not occur in immunologically compromised animals (that ...
... immunologically distinct population of parasites (a,b,c,d); protection is not afforded by antibody against any of the preceding variants. There is a strong tendency for new variants to appear in the same order in different hosts. Variation does not occur in immunologically compromised animals (that ...
B. Are the main cells involved in acute inflammation
... D all above 3 Haptens are the molecules that A possess antigenicity C possess immunogenicity B are large protein D can induce the production of antibody 4 The first immunoglobulin class produced in a primary response to an antigen is A IgA B IgG C IgM D IgE 5 The most abundant immunoglobulin class i ...
... D all above 3 Haptens are the molecules that A possess antigenicity C possess immunogenicity B are large protein D can induce the production of antibody 4 The first immunoglobulin class produced in a primary response to an antigen is A IgA B IgG C IgM D IgE 5 The most abundant immunoglobulin class i ...
Lec. 2 Antigens, Immunogens, Epitopes, and Haptens
... -B cell receptors can discriminate epitopes whether they are: 1-free soluble molecules. 2-Surface-bound molecules. 3-Degraded fragments. -T cell receptors can bind only to epitopes which integrated with host cell surface molecules. ...
... -B cell receptors can discriminate epitopes whether they are: 1-free soluble molecules. 2-Surface-bound molecules. 3-Degraded fragments. -T cell receptors can bind only to epitopes which integrated with host cell surface molecules. ...
Response of Immune System to Disease
... INDIRECT ELISA (enzyme – linked immunoabsorbant assay) • Used to detect infection by testing patients’ blood serum for the presence or absence of antibodies against a particular pathogen • Presence of antibodies indicates the individual has been infected and that their body has launched an immune r ...
... INDIRECT ELISA (enzyme – linked immunoabsorbant assay) • Used to detect infection by testing patients’ blood serum for the presence or absence of antibodies against a particular pathogen • Presence of antibodies indicates the individual has been infected and that their body has launched an immune r ...
Immunity to infection
... • Antibody combats these tricks by neutralizing the toxins, and by overcoming the antiphagocytic nature of the capsules by opsonizing them with immunoglobulin G (IgG) and C3b. • Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) have receptors for microorganisms, such as the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which when acti ...
... • Antibody combats these tricks by neutralizing the toxins, and by overcoming the antiphagocytic nature of the capsules by opsonizing them with immunoglobulin G (IgG) and C3b. • Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) have receptors for microorganisms, such as the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which when acti ...
Immunology Overview
... before they can cause symptoms. – Innate immunity reduces the number of invading organisms. So, the dose of microorganisms needed to cause symptomatic infection may be hundreds or thousands of microorganisms. – Still, some microorganisms do evade our ...
... before they can cause symptoms. – Innate immunity reduces the number of invading organisms. So, the dose of microorganisms needed to cause symptomatic infection may be hundreds or thousands of microorganisms. – Still, some microorganisms do evade our ...
Lecture 7 Host Defense Against Infection
... Located in serosa, under epithelial surfaces and adjacent to blood vessels, nerves and glands Capable of phagocytosis Process and present antigen using MHC class I or II receptors LPS can directly induce release of mast cell mediators Complement (C3a and C5a) induce mast cells to release mediators ...
... Located in serosa, under epithelial surfaces and adjacent to blood vessels, nerves and glands Capable of phagocytosis Process and present antigen using MHC class I or II receptors LPS can directly induce release of mast cell mediators Complement (C3a and C5a) induce mast cells to release mediators ...
MICR 201 Microbiology for Health Related Sciences
... was injected into patients IgG antibodies and soluble allergen form complexes that lodge in basement membranes Complement activation and inflammation ...
... was injected into patients IgG antibodies and soluble allergen form complexes that lodge in basement membranes Complement activation and inflammation ...
Complement system
The complement system is a part of the immune system that helps or complements the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens from an organism. It is part of the innate immune system, which is not adaptable and does not change over the course of an individual's lifetime. However, it can be recruited and brought into action by the adaptive immune system.The complement system consists of a number of small proteins found in the blood, in general synthesized by the liver, and normally circulating as inactive precursors (pro-proteins). When stimulated by one of several triggers, proteases in the system cleave specific proteins to release cytokines and initiate an amplifying cascade of further cleavages. The end-result of this activation cascade is massive amplification of the response and activation of the cell-killing membrane attack complex. Over 30 proteins and protein fragments make up the complement system, including serum proteins, serosal proteins, and cell membrane receptors. They account for about 5% of the globulin fraction of blood serum and can serve as opsonins.Three biochemical pathways activate the complement system: the classical complement pathway, the alternative complement pathway, and the lectin pathway.