Viral Exanthems - American Academy of Dermatology
... exposure to onset of symptoms Patients are contagious from 1-2 days before onset of symptoms (3-5 days before the rash) to 4 days after appearance of the rash Immunocompromised patients can be contagious for the duration of the illness ...
... exposure to onset of symptoms Patients are contagious from 1-2 days before onset of symptoms (3-5 days before the rash) to 4 days after appearance of the rash Immunocompromised patients can be contagious for the duration of the illness ...
Nonspecific Viral Exanthems - American Academy of Dermatology
... Estimated incubation period from exposure to onset of rash usually between 1-2 weeks Individuals with erythema infectiosum are most infectious before onset of the rash ...
... Estimated incubation period from exposure to onset of rash usually between 1-2 weeks Individuals with erythema infectiosum are most infectious before onset of the rash ...
Likelihood Ratio Tests for Detecting Positive Selection and
... tree, weighted appropriately according to their relative likelihoods of occurrence. Furthermore, in a likelihood model, it is straightforward to take into account the transition/transversion rate bias and nonuniform codon usage, factors that are not properly accommodated in approximate methods of pa ...
... tree, weighted appropriately according to their relative likelihoods of occurrence. Furthermore, in a likelihood model, it is straightforward to take into account the transition/transversion rate bias and nonuniform codon usage, factors that are not properly accommodated in approximate methods of pa ...
20 years and 22 papers with Bernard Moret
... • The state at the root is randomly drawn from {A,C,T,G} (nucleotides) • If a site (position) changes on an edge, it changes with equal probability to each of the remaining states. • The evolutionary process is Markovian. The different sites are assumed to evolve independently and identically down t ...
... • The state at the root is randomly drawn from {A,C,T,G} (nucleotides) • If a site (position) changes on an edge, it changes with equal probability to each of the remaining states. • The evolutionary process is Markovian. The different sites are assumed to evolve independently and identically down t ...
Restricted Biological Agents
... We will help familiarize you with what restrictions apply to the agents in your lab and how to incorporate the export control requirements into your research program. ...
... We will help familiarize you with what restrictions apply to the agents in your lab and how to incorporate the export control requirements into your research program. ...
On the rapidity of antibiotic resistance evolution facilitated by a
... antibiotic resistance. One is the mere size of bacterial populations: a tuberculosis cavity, for instance, can contain 10 7 –10 9 bacilli (3). This situation is exacerbated by mutator strains, which have over-all increased mutation rates (4), and stress-induced elevation of mutation rates (5). The s ...
... antibiotic resistance. One is the mere size of bacterial populations: a tuberculosis cavity, for instance, can contain 10 7 –10 9 bacilli (3). This situation is exacerbated by mutator strains, which have over-all increased mutation rates (4), and stress-induced elevation of mutation rates (5). The s ...
OrthoMaM: a database of orthologous genomic markers for
... We focused on orthologous exons rather than on fulllength transcripts in order to provide biologists with single continuous fragments potentially amplifiable from genomic DNA. Working with RNA extraction followed by RT-PCR would require a quality of tissue preservation that is not achieved in the va ...
... We focused on orthologous exons rather than on fulllength transcripts in order to provide biologists with single continuous fragments potentially amplifiable from genomic DNA. Working with RNA extraction followed by RT-PCR would require a quality of tissue preservation that is not achieved in the va ...
The 6 th National Scientific Conference on HIV/AIDS Outline
... HIV is a retrovirus and belongs to the sub-family of lentiviruses. HIV type 1 and HIV type 2 can both cause AIDS although the latter causes a milder and slower disease. ...
... HIV is a retrovirus and belongs to the sub-family of lentiviruses. HIV type 1 and HIV type 2 can both cause AIDS although the latter causes a milder and slower disease. ...
Assortative Mating in Genetic Algorithms for Dynamic Problems
... Results suggest that the mutation rate parameter interacts with the mating strategy. Optimal mutation rates are different for each strategy; thus, fair comparisons can not be performed without selecting the optimal mutation rate for each case. When considering offline performance, on all explored scena ...
... Results suggest that the mutation rate parameter interacts with the mating strategy. Optimal mutation rates are different for each strategy; thus, fair comparisons can not be performed without selecting the optimal mutation rate for each case. When considering offline performance, on all explored scena ...
Symbiosis, Evolvability and Modularity
... importance of symbiotic inheritance. But first a few words on the others, beginning with anti-outlaw criteria. The problem of defection was first noted in the context of group selective explanations of altruism (Sober and Wilson 1998), and it has subsequently been applied to the evolution of multi-c ...
... importance of symbiotic inheritance. But first a few words on the others, beginning with anti-outlaw criteria. The problem of defection was first noted in the context of group selective explanations of altruism (Sober and Wilson 1998), and it has subsequently been applied to the evolution of multi-c ...
Determining the epitope dominance on the capsid of a SAT2 fmdv by mutational analysis, P.A.Opperman
... Opperman, P.A., Theron, J. and F.F. Maree ...
... Opperman, P.A., Theron, J. and F.F. Maree ...
WHO guidelines for investigation of human cases of avian influenza
... frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference ...
... frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference ...
Lichens—a new source or yet unknown host of herbaceous plant
... algal species but no virus has been found in Trebouxia or in Trentepohlia (Chlorophyta, Pleurastrophyceae, Pleurastrales), the most common green lichen photobionts. On the other hand, dsDNA viruses infecting related Chlorella algae are well known from freshwater phytoplankton. However, high-molecula ...
... algal species but no virus has been found in Trebouxia or in Trentepohlia (Chlorophyta, Pleurastrophyceae, Pleurastrales), the most common green lichen photobionts. On the other hand, dsDNA viruses infecting related Chlorella algae are well known from freshwater phytoplankton. However, high-molecula ...
notes
... Geographical structure is the non-random mating of individuals with respect to location. Among species, it is probably ubiquitous. In humans it is obvious – someone from England is more likely to mate with someone else from England than they are with someone from China. Even within England, you are ...
... Geographical structure is the non-random mating of individuals with respect to location. Among species, it is probably ubiquitous. In humans it is obvious – someone from England is more likely to mate with someone else from England than they are with someone from China. Even within England, you are ...
Depth-stratified functional and taxonomic niche
... to increase cyanophage fitness (Bragg and Chisholm, 2008), and commonly constitutes a large fraction of total psbA genes in marine microbial metagenomes (Sharon et al., 2007). Beyond elevating cyanophage fitness, these viral psbA gene copies alter the evolutionary trajectory of globally distributed ...
... to increase cyanophage fitness (Bragg and Chisholm, 2008), and commonly constitutes a large fraction of total psbA genes in marine microbial metagenomes (Sharon et al., 2007). Beyond elevating cyanophage fitness, these viral psbA gene copies alter the evolutionary trajectory of globally distributed ...
... The influenza virus is an orthomyxovirus that is classified antigenically as type A, B or C.1 Type A influenza virus is further subtyped according to two kinds of proteins on its surface: haemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N).1 Among the many subtypes of type A viruses, influenza A(H1N1) and A(H3 ...
Weekly issue 1 - Eurosurveillance
... Early detections of influenza A(H1N1)2009 virus were first reported in weeks 40–42 from cases in the community. Indicators of clinical activity began to rise in week 47 crossing the traditional baseline threshold level indicating generalised influenza activity in the community in week 49, and have c ...
... Early detections of influenza A(H1N1)2009 virus were first reported in weeks 40–42 from cases in the community. Indicators of clinical activity began to rise in week 47 crossing the traditional baseline threshold level indicating generalised influenza activity in the community in week 49, and have c ...
Losos_Seeing - Harvard University
... light of phylogeny” (MacLeod, 2001, p.237; see also, e.g., Grandcolas et al., 1997; Johnson, 2003; Society of Systematic Biology website, 2010). Whereas a phylogenetic perspective on evolution was nearly entirely absent prior to the 1980’s, it is now ubiquitous. Phylogenetic analyses are now an inte ...
... light of phylogeny” (MacLeod, 2001, p.237; see also, e.g., Grandcolas et al., 1997; Johnson, 2003; Society of Systematic Biology website, 2010). Whereas a phylogenetic perspective on evolution was nearly entirely absent prior to the 1980’s, it is now ubiquitous. Phylogenetic analyses are now an inte ...
Epidemiology of hepatitis B
... live around the globe. HCV also has a global epidemiological distribution with highest rates of prevalence in Africa. Blood products and bodily fluids are reported as the major sources of ...
... live around the globe. HCV also has a global epidemiological distribution with highest rates of prevalence in Africa. Blood products and bodily fluids are reported as the major sources of ...
Tamiflu: To Stockpile or Not to Stockpile
... potential exposure is to birds) and/or will be available in the event of a pandemic (if the potential exposure is to infected patients). 2. The Working Group believes that it is appropriate for SC offices to explore local options for ensuring access to health care services during a pandemic, includ ...
... potential exposure is to birds) and/or will be available in the event of a pandemic (if the potential exposure is to infected patients). 2. The Working Group believes that it is appropriate for SC offices to explore local options for ensuring access to health care services during a pandemic, includ ...
Ellen Sebastian - Viral Genomics: Applications to HIV Treatment
... Clearly, the HIV genome is simpler than any eukaryotic genome. This might lend the impression that genomic study of HIV, and its applications to treatment, is also simple. However, HIV genomics is complicated by two factors: variability and evolution. HIV’s genome is highly variable across different ...
... Clearly, the HIV genome is simpler than any eukaryotic genome. This might lend the impression that genomic study of HIV, and its applications to treatment, is also simple. However, HIV genomics is complicated by two factors: variability and evolution. HIV’s genome is highly variable across different ...
Chapter 26 Lecture Notes: Population Genetics I. Introduction A
... 3. Inbreeding – mating between related individuals occurs more frequently than predicted by chance (decreases heterozygosity) a) Measured in terms of the coefficient of inbreeding (F) b) Analysis using pedigrees c) In a closed population, founded by a small number of individuals, there will be a dec ...
... 3. Inbreeding – mating between related individuals occurs more frequently than predicted by chance (decreases heterozygosity) a) Measured in terms of the coefficient of inbreeding (F) b) Analysis using pedigrees c) In a closed population, founded by a small number of individuals, there will be a dec ...
Adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV - E-revistas
... significant threat to the health of humans (Tick-borne encephalitis virus, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus) or livestock (African swine fever virus, Nairobi sheep disease virus) (7). All stages of their replication cycle depend on support by host-encoded factors (8). During their replication ...
... significant threat to the health of humans (Tick-borne encephalitis virus, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus) or livestock (African swine fever virus, Nairobi sheep disease virus) (7). All stages of their replication cycle depend on support by host-encoded factors (8). During their replication ...
Quasispecies evolution of a hypervariable region of the feline
... Following inoculation of cat Oscar with FCV, virus was isolated from the oropharynx up to 39 days p.i. Comparison of the 2 day p.i. virus (Fig. 1 b) with the infecting isolate (5th passage LS015, Fig. 1 a) showed they were very similar, the 2 day p.i. virus containing one synonymous nucleotide subst ...
... Following inoculation of cat Oscar with FCV, virus was isolated from the oropharynx up to 39 days p.i. Comparison of the 2 day p.i. virus (Fig. 1 b) with the infecting isolate (5th passage LS015, Fig. 1 a) showed they were very similar, the 2 day p.i. virus containing one synonymous nucleotide subst ...
Beatty, Lewontin, draft 20 June Richard Lewontin Richard Lewontin
... One reason for the impasse, he argued, is that population genetic theory is not “empirically sufficient.” For example, it includes parameters that cannot be measured directly, or with sufficient accuracy to distinguish clearly between alternative causal accounts. This reflects Lewontin’s more genera ...
... One reason for the impasse, he argued, is that population genetic theory is not “empirically sufficient.” For example, it includes parameters that cannot be measured directly, or with sufficient accuracy to distinguish clearly between alternative causal accounts. This reflects Lewontin’s more genera ...
Viral phylodynamics
Viral phylodynamics is defined as the study of how epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes act and potentially interact to shape viral phylogenies.Since the coining of the term in 2004, research on viral phylodynamics has focused on transmission dynamics in an effort to shed light on how these dynamics impact viral genetic variation. Transmission dynamics can be considered at the level of cells within an infected host, individual hosts within a population, or entire populations of hosts.Many viruses, especially RNA viruses, rapidly accumulate genetic variation because of short generation times and high mutation rates.Patterns of viral genetic variation are therefore heavily influenced by how quickly transmission occurs and by which entities transmit to one another.Patterns of viral genetic variation will also be affected by selection acting on viral phenotypes.Although viruses can differ with respect to many phenotypes, phylodynamic studies have to date tended to focus on a limited number of viral phenotypes.These include virulence phenotypes, phenotypes associated with viral transmissibility, cell or tissue tropism phenotypes, and antigenic phenotypes that can facilitate escape from host immunity.Due to the impact that transmission dynamics and selection can have on viral genetic variation, viral phylogenies can therefore be used to investigate important epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes, such as epidemic spread, spatio-temporal dynamics including metapopulation dynamics, zoonotic transmission, tissue tropism, and antigenic drift.The quantitative investigation of these processes through the consideration of viral phylogenies is the central aim of viral phylodynamics.