The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection (ch. 1-2)
... be affected, as under domesticity, and the structure of the offspring rendered in some degree plastic. Hence almost every part of the body would tend to vary from the typical form in slight degrees, and in no determinate way, and therefore without selection the free crossing of these small variation ...
... be affected, as under domesticity, and the structure of the offspring rendered in some degree plastic. Hence almost every part of the body would tend to vary from the typical form in slight degrees, and in no determinate way, and therefore without selection the free crossing of these small variation ...
lecture15
... O: average midoffspring value for the entire population O*: average midoffspring value for the selected individuals ...
... O: average midoffspring value for the entire population O*: average midoffspring value for the selected individuals ...
English_Virus dan peranannya2005-01
... healthy tobacco plant and it was infected. It can be cncluded that the cause of this pest is because the size of it is smaller than that of bacteria so that it can slip out from the filter. Martinus W. Beijerinck( Belanda,1897) stated that yelow pest causing agents can breed in creatures. Wendel ...
... healthy tobacco plant and it was infected. It can be cncluded that the cause of this pest is because the size of it is smaller than that of bacteria so that it can slip out from the filter. Martinus W. Beijerinck( Belanda,1897) stated that yelow pest causing agents can breed in creatures. Wendel ...
Phylogenetic Motif Detection by Expectation
... of the sequences that match them. One recent study [7] enumerated spaced hexamers that were both preferentially conserved (in multiple sequence alignments) and statistically enriched. Another method, FootPrinter, [8] identifies sequences (with mismatches) with few changes over an evolutionary tree. ...
... of the sequences that match them. One recent study [7] enumerated spaced hexamers that were both preferentially conserved (in multiple sequence alignments) and statistically enriched. Another method, FootPrinter, [8] identifies sequences (with mismatches) with few changes over an evolutionary tree. ...
Problems of Macroevolution (Molecular Evolution, Phenotype
... loci over a period of relatively few generations. First, it is clear that the simple Mendelian "traits" which have served as model loci in the development of evolutionary theory in the Twentieth Century are not typical of those usually dealt with in considering long-term transformations, which are g ...
... loci over a period of relatively few generations. First, it is clear that the simple Mendelian "traits" which have served as model loci in the development of evolutionary theory in the Twentieth Century are not typical of those usually dealt with in considering long-term transformations, which are g ...
Walking pneumonia - The Cabrini Code
... Common organisms: S Aureus & gramnegative bacteria Affects the walls of the bronchioles Spread centrifugally via tracheobronchial tree to many foci @ the same time Margins are fluffy & indistinct Produces exudate that fills the bronchi No air bronchograms present May be assoc w atelectasis ...
... Common organisms: S Aureus & gramnegative bacteria Affects the walls of the bronchioles Spread centrifugally via tracheobronchial tree to many foci @ the same time Margins are fluffy & indistinct Produces exudate that fills the bronchi No air bronchograms present May be assoc w atelectasis ...
Influenza Planning Checklist
... measures to be implemented, medical treatment, and directions for notifying infection control. ...
... measures to be implemented, medical treatment, and directions for notifying infection control. ...
Clinical Course of HIV Infection
... HIV is a “retrovirus”, meaning: • replication occurs from RNA to DNA using the enzyme Reverse Transcriptase • DNA created is then integrated into the host cell genome (T lymphocyte) • further HIV virus (RNA and proteins) are then produced using this DNA complex ...
... HIV is a “retrovirus”, meaning: • replication occurs from RNA to DNA using the enzyme Reverse Transcriptase • DNA created is then integrated into the host cell genome (T lymphocyte) • further HIV virus (RNA and proteins) are then produced using this DNA complex ...
Chapter16_Section02_jkedit
... For example, a lizard population is normally brown, but has mutations that produce red and black forms. Red lizards are more visible to predators, so they will be less likely to survive and reproduce. Therefore, the allele for red color will become rare. ...
... For example, a lizard population is normally brown, but has mutations that produce red and black forms. Red lizards are more visible to predators, so they will be less likely to survive and reproduce. Therefore, the allele for red color will become rare. ...
71 an evolutionary approach to geometrical place problems
... consists of their ability to obtain multiple solutions in a single run, due to their capacity of dealing with a population of solutions. In this paper we propose an evolutionary approach for solving geometrical place problems. Geometrical place problems arise in many practical situations (usually in ...
... consists of their ability to obtain multiple solutions in a single run, due to their capacity of dealing with a population of solutions. In this paper we propose an evolutionary approach for solving geometrical place problems. Geometrical place problems arise in many practical situations (usually in ...
Role of mutator alleles in adaptive evolution
... of a finite population, oscillating between 108 and 1010 cells, showed stochastic behaviour (Fig. 3a). Mutators with 10- and 100-fold effects reached a frequency of above 50% in a fraction of the trials (19 and 7% respectively). On average the fitness of populations with a high frequency of mutators ...
... of a finite population, oscillating between 108 and 1010 cells, showed stochastic behaviour (Fig. 3a). Mutators with 10- and 100-fold effects reached a frequency of above 50% in a fraction of the trials (19 and 7% respectively). On average the fitness of populations with a high frequency of mutators ...
The Value of Hierarchical Bayes Models on Genetic Evaluation of
... challenging and demands the effort of several research groups. Bayesian statistics, in this context, provide a set of flexible tools and a general framework to tackle this task (Sorensen and Gianola, 2002). Hierarchical Bayes models (HBMs) can handle virtually any level of complexity that is present ...
... challenging and demands the effort of several research groups. Bayesian statistics, in this context, provide a set of flexible tools and a general framework to tackle this task (Sorensen and Gianola, 2002). Hierarchical Bayes models (HBMs) can handle virtually any level of complexity that is present ...
Evolving Strategies in HIV Diagnosis and Treatment
... “It has also become clear that finding the cause of an infectious disease is the alpha but not the omega of its eradication.” R.C. Gallo MD and Luc Montagnier MD (“The Discovery of HIV as the Cause of AIDS”, NEJM 2003; 349: 24) ...
... “It has also become clear that finding the cause of an infectious disease is the alpha but not the omega of its eradication.” R.C. Gallo MD and Luc Montagnier MD (“The Discovery of HIV as the Cause of AIDS”, NEJM 2003; 349: 24) ...
Swine Influenza A/H1N1
... Evidence suggests that when the pandemic affects the local area there will be a period of 1-2 weeks when a large number of people will be suffering from acute influenza (modelling shows that while at a national level the peak activity may last for up to 6 weeks, at a local level it is likely to be m ...
... Evidence suggests that when the pandemic affects the local area there will be a period of 1-2 weeks when a large number of people will be suffering from acute influenza (modelling shows that while at a national level the peak activity may last for up to 6 weeks, at a local level it is likely to be m ...
Guidance for the management of influenza
... 1.2. Influenza is a highly infectious illness transmitted through the respiratory route by aerosols or contact. 1.3. Influenza occurs most often in winter and usually peaks between December and March in the northern hemisphere. Illness resembling influenza may be caused by several different viruses; ...
... 1.2. Influenza is a highly infectious illness transmitted through the respiratory route by aerosols or contact. 1.3. Influenza occurs most often in winter and usually peaks between December and March in the northern hemisphere. Illness resembling influenza may be caused by several different viruses; ...
Herpes simplex virus latency-associated transcript gene function
... Sawtell, 1997; Sawtell and Thompson, 1992) and rabbit (Perng et al, 2000b) latency models. A small deletion in the LAT promoter alone can cause a reduction in the number of latently infected cells, indicating that the transcription of the LATs is crucial for establishing latency (Sawtell and Thompso ...
... Sawtell, 1997; Sawtell and Thompson, 1992) and rabbit (Perng et al, 2000b) latency models. A small deletion in the LAT promoter alone can cause a reduction in the number of latently infected cells, indicating that the transcription of the LATs is crucial for establishing latency (Sawtell and Thompso ...
Corporation>
... meningitis Bacterial meningitis is one of the most potentially serious infection ,in infants and older children . Associated with a high rate of acute complications and risk of long-term morbidity. The etiology of meningitis in the neonate and the treatment are generally distinct from in olde ...
... meningitis Bacterial meningitis is one of the most potentially serious infection ,in infants and older children . Associated with a high rate of acute complications and risk of long-term morbidity. The etiology of meningitis in the neonate and the treatment are generally distinct from in olde ...
Evolutionary Computing and Autonomic Computing: Shared Problems, Shared Solutions?
... The combined application of variation and selection generally leads to improving fitness values in consecutive populations. It is easy (although somewhat misleading) to see such a process as if the evolution is optimising, or at least “approximising”, by approaching optimal values closer and closer ...
... The combined application of variation and selection generally leads to improving fitness values in consecutive populations. It is easy (although somewhat misleading) to see such a process as if the evolution is optimising, or at least “approximising”, by approaching optimal values closer and closer ...
Vertical transmission of HCV: first case report in Lahore, Pakistan
... The burden of HCV in pregnant women and neonates is not accurately documented. Literature suggests that worldwide prevalence of HCV infection ranges between 3-10%. Vertical transmission is the leading cause of pediatric HCV infection and associated liver diseases [1]. Meta-analysis of studies show t ...
... The burden of HCV in pregnant women and neonates is not accurately documented. Literature suggests that worldwide prevalence of HCV infection ranges between 3-10%. Vertical transmission is the leading cause of pediatric HCV infection and associated liver diseases [1]. Meta-analysis of studies show t ...
Causes, consequences and solutions of
... Phylogenetic analysis is used to recover the evolutionary history of species, genes or proteins. Understanding phylogenetic relationships between organisms is a prerequisite of almost any evolutionary study, as contemporary species all share a common history through their ancestry. Moreover, it is i ...
... Phylogenetic analysis is used to recover the evolutionary history of species, genes or proteins. Understanding phylogenetic relationships between organisms is a prerequisite of almost any evolutionary study, as contemporary species all share a common history through their ancestry. Moreover, it is i ...
Contrasting Temporal Bayesian Network Models for Analyzing HIV
... structures or belong to the same class. It is also interesting to compare two or more mutational patterns to see if they share the same mutational pathways, which at the end will help to reduce the possibility of drug resistance. To combat HIV infection several antiretroviral (ARV) drugs belonging t ...
... structures or belong to the same class. It is also interesting to compare two or more mutational patterns to see if they share the same mutational pathways, which at the end will help to reduce the possibility of drug resistance. To combat HIV infection several antiretroviral (ARV) drugs belonging t ...
Redalyc.Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of Avian Infectious
... understanding how the five main forces of evolutionary change mutation, High phenotypic variability recombination, natural selection, genetic drift, Recombination IBV and migration - interact to shape the genetic structure of populations. These same forces are also essential to understand RNA viruse ...
... understanding how the five main forces of evolutionary change mutation, High phenotypic variability recombination, natural selection, genetic drift, Recombination IBV and migration - interact to shape the genetic structure of populations. These same forces are also essential to understand RNA viruse ...
Chicago Department of Public Health
... Noroviruses are a group of viruses that cause the “stomach flu,” or gastroenteritis in people. The term norovirus was recently approved as the official name for this group of viruses. Several other names have been used for noroviruses, including: Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) caliciviruses (beca ...
... Noroviruses are a group of viruses that cause the “stomach flu,” or gastroenteritis in people. The term norovirus was recently approved as the official name for this group of viruses. Several other names have been used for noroviruses, including: Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) caliciviruses (beca ...
Modelling Genetic Variations using Fragmentation
... thus avoid label switching problems. The partitions of FCPs evolve via a series of events, each of which involves either two clusters merging into one, or one cluster splitting into two. We will see that FCPs are natural models for the mosaic structure of SNP data since they can flexibly accommodate ...
... thus avoid label switching problems. The partitions of FCPs evolve via a series of events, each of which involves either two clusters merging into one, or one cluster splitting into two. We will see that FCPs are natural models for the mosaic structure of SNP data since they can flexibly accommodate ...
Plant Virus RNAs. Coordinated Recruitment of Conserved Host
... several host proteins that are implicated in translation and replication of viral RNA (Nouiery et al., 2003). Some are also involved in the replication of a doublestranded RNA virus from the yeast itself (Chong et al., 2004), raising the possibility that common mechanisms might be at play in these v ...
... several host proteins that are implicated in translation and replication of viral RNA (Nouiery et al., 2003). Some are also involved in the replication of a doublestranded RNA virus from the yeast itself (Chong et al., 2004), raising the possibility that common mechanisms might be at play in these v ...
Viral phylodynamics
Viral phylodynamics is defined as the study of how epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes act and potentially interact to shape viral phylogenies.Since the coining of the term in 2004, research on viral phylodynamics has focused on transmission dynamics in an effort to shed light on how these dynamics impact viral genetic variation. Transmission dynamics can be considered at the level of cells within an infected host, individual hosts within a population, or entire populations of hosts.Many viruses, especially RNA viruses, rapidly accumulate genetic variation because of short generation times and high mutation rates.Patterns of viral genetic variation are therefore heavily influenced by how quickly transmission occurs and by which entities transmit to one another.Patterns of viral genetic variation will also be affected by selection acting on viral phenotypes.Although viruses can differ with respect to many phenotypes, phylodynamic studies have to date tended to focus on a limited number of viral phenotypes.These include virulence phenotypes, phenotypes associated with viral transmissibility, cell or tissue tropism phenotypes, and antigenic phenotypes that can facilitate escape from host immunity.Due to the impact that transmission dynamics and selection can have on viral genetic variation, viral phylogenies can therefore be used to investigate important epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes, such as epidemic spread, spatio-temporal dynamics including metapopulation dynamics, zoonotic transmission, tissue tropism, and antigenic drift.The quantitative investigation of these processes through the consideration of viral phylogenies is the central aim of viral phylodynamics.