CHARACTERS AS THE UNITS OF EVOLUTIONARY CHANGE
... gathering information about the external world. Third, these pathways are coordinately regulated, for example through the actions of hormones. These elementary facts from development, biochemistry, and physiology suggest several things. First, rather than paying attention to all the genes in an orga ...
... gathering information about the external world. Third, these pathways are coordinately regulated, for example through the actions of hormones. These elementary facts from development, biochemistry, and physiology suggest several things. First, rather than paying attention to all the genes in an orga ...
Viral Encephalitis I. General Principles
... Immunopathology: As with many viral infections, a substantial proportion of the pathology may actually be caused by the host immune response to the viral infection. During severe encephalitis, an inflammatory reaction is usually prominent in the meninges and in a perivascular distribution within th ...
... Immunopathology: As with many viral infections, a substantial proportion of the pathology may actually be caused by the host immune response to the viral infection. During severe encephalitis, an inflammatory reaction is usually prominent in the meninges and in a perivascular distribution within th ...
C-reactive protein level and microbial aetiology in patients hospitalised with
... An estimated 3 million people in the UK have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the incidence is increasing worldwide [1]. Exacerbations of COPD are associated with increased medication use, prolonged hospital stays and significant mortality rates [2]. Most exacerbations are thought to ...
... An estimated 3 million people in the UK have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the incidence is increasing worldwide [1]. Exacerbations of COPD are associated with increased medication use, prolonged hospital stays and significant mortality rates [2]. Most exacerbations are thought to ...
a demographic framework mapping genes to communities Coulson, T
... Because evolutionary change is measured as differences in the distributions of genotypes and phenotypes either between populations or within a population over time, any framework should be population based (Lande, 1982). Changes to these population-level distributions occur as a result of the births ...
... Because evolutionary change is measured as differences in the distributions of genotypes and phenotypes either between populations or within a population over time, any framework should be population based (Lande, 1982). Changes to these population-level distributions occur as a result of the births ...
2001.Genetica.Carrol.. - University of Kentucky
... The introduced tree differs from the native host in several ways important to the insect, including fruit morphology, seed defensive and nutritive chemistry, and the annual schedule and biomass of seed production. Its seed capsule has a much smaller volume, permitting access to the seeds by individu ...
... The introduced tree differs from the native host in several ways important to the insect, including fruit morphology, seed defensive and nutritive chemistry, and the annual schedule and biomass of seed production. Its seed capsule has a much smaller volume, permitting access to the seeds by individu ...
Full text in pdf format
... Acridine orange direct counts (AODC). Counts of bacteria were performed from 2 % formalin-preserved samples (Hobbie et al. 1977). Briefly, a few m1 of seawater was stained with acridine orange (0.1% w/v) filtered at 20 kPa onto (replicate)0.2 pm pore size polycarbonate (Nuclepore) filters, and count ...
... Acridine orange direct counts (AODC). Counts of bacteria were performed from 2 % formalin-preserved samples (Hobbie et al. 1977). Briefly, a few m1 of seawater was stained with acridine orange (0.1% w/v) filtered at 20 kPa onto (replicate)0.2 pm pore size polycarbonate (Nuclepore) filters, and count ...
Types of variation in DNA-A among isolates of East African cassava
... genes showed that substitutions are scattered along them, and that several do not change the amino acid encoded. This pattern of variation is therefore typical of that produced as the result of the accumulation of point mutations in different populations of a virus by genetic drift. In contrast, com ...
... genes showed that substitutions are scattered along them, and that several do not change the amino acid encoded. This pattern of variation is therefore typical of that produced as the result of the accumulation of point mutations in different populations of a virus by genetic drift. In contrast, com ...
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for neonatal
... G/l with 19% bands and an I:T ratio of 0.32, and a platelet count of 220 G/l. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exam ination showed a predominantly mononuclear pleocytosis of 330 cells/μl. Bacterial cultures and urine examination were negative. A venous blood gas analysis showed a pH of 7.33, pCO2 55.5 mmH ...
... G/l with 19% bands and an I:T ratio of 0.32, and a platelet count of 220 G/l. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exam ination showed a predominantly mononuclear pleocytosis of 330 cells/μl. Bacterial cultures and urine examination were negative. A venous blood gas analysis showed a pH of 7.33, pCO2 55.5 mmH ...
La infección VIH tiene una gran repercusión sobre la reproducción
... 1. To prevent the woman from going into labor without knowing her HIV status. 2. To review the state of the art and draw up guidelines for antiretroviral therapy, both to improve the health of the mother and to minimize the risk of VT, in addition to other aspects of caring for pregnant women. To di ...
... 1. To prevent the woman from going into labor without knowing her HIV status. 2. To review the state of the art and draw up guidelines for antiretroviral therapy, both to improve the health of the mother and to minimize the risk of VT, in addition to other aspects of caring for pregnant women. To di ...
African horse sickness
... Crimean-Congo-Haemorrhagic-Fever (CCHF): A CCHFV seroepidemiological study in small and large ruminants in twelve southeastern European states is carried out. For this purpose FLI scientisis visited their counterparts in Albania, Macedonia and Turkey. Samples and techniques were exchanged with Ukrai ...
... Crimean-Congo-Haemorrhagic-Fever (CCHF): A CCHFV seroepidemiological study in small and large ruminants in twelve southeastern European states is carried out. For this purpose FLI scientisis visited their counterparts in Albania, Macedonia and Turkey. Samples and techniques were exchanged with Ukrai ...
Chapter 13
... 13-5 Describe how bacteriophages are cultured. 13-6 Describe how animal viruses are cultured. 13-7 List three techniques used to identify viruses. ...
... 13-5 Describe how bacteriophages are cultured. 13-6 Describe how animal viruses are cultured. 13-7 List three techniques used to identify viruses. ...
The evolution of mutation rate in sexual populations during
... 2009; Cobben et al. 2011) can be expected to limit the invasion speed as low genetic diversity will lead to low rates of local adaptation and thereby delayed population establishment. Evolvability, i.e. a set of mechanisms that facilitates evolution, has been shown to be subjected to selection under ...
... 2009; Cobben et al. 2011) can be expected to limit the invasion speed as low genetic diversity will lead to low rates of local adaptation and thereby delayed population establishment. Evolvability, i.e. a set of mechanisms that facilitates evolution, has been shown to be subjected to selection under ...
SCHEDULE 5
... Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 It should be noted that under Part 7 of the above Act it is an offence to store or work with certain organisms or toxins without prior permission. Therefore, anyone intending to work with a “Schedule 5 agent” (see below) must contact the University’s Safet ...
... Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 It should be noted that under Part 7 of the above Act it is an offence to store or work with certain organisms or toxins without prior permission. Therefore, anyone intending to work with a “Schedule 5 agent” (see below) must contact the University’s Safet ...
paper
... heterogeneity, biological populations tend to sustain functional and genetic cohesion. One well-known, but rare, situation where this view breaks down is in the case of ring species [13–15]. The range of a ring species extends around some sort of environmental obstacle until the two ends of the rang ...
... heterogeneity, biological populations tend to sustain functional and genetic cohesion. One well-known, but rare, situation where this view breaks down is in the case of ring species [13–15]. The range of a ring species extends around some sort of environmental obstacle until the two ends of the rang ...
Genetic Basis of Variation in Bacteria
... considered either megaplasmids or minichromosomes e.g. 3.0 Mb and 0.9 Mb replicons in Rhodobacter sphaeroides • A few bacterial genera contain >1 chromosome e.g. 2.1 Mb and 1.2 Mb chromosomes in Brucella • Some bacteria harbour large replicons essential for survival in a specific ecological niche bu ...
... considered either megaplasmids or minichromosomes e.g. 3.0 Mb and 0.9 Mb replicons in Rhodobacter sphaeroides • A few bacterial genera contain >1 chromosome e.g. 2.1 Mb and 1.2 Mb chromosomes in Brucella • Some bacteria harbour large replicons essential for survival in a specific ecological niche bu ...
African green monkeys - Journal of General Virology
... After collection of the supernatants and cells, the virus was pelleted and then resuspended in lysis buffer (0.02M-Tris-HCI, pH 7.6, 0"15MNaC1, 0-05 M-KC1, 0-001 M-EDTA, 0-0002 M-PMSF, 0-05 % aprotinin, 1% fl-mercaptoethanol and 2 % Triton X-100), The diluted virus (equivalent to 2 x 106 cells or 10 ...
... After collection of the supernatants and cells, the virus was pelleted and then resuspended in lysis buffer (0.02M-Tris-HCI, pH 7.6, 0"15MNaC1, 0-05 M-KC1, 0-001 M-EDTA, 0-0002 M-PMSF, 0-05 % aprotinin, 1% fl-mercaptoethanol and 2 % Triton X-100), The diluted virus (equivalent to 2 x 106 cells or 10 ...
African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) in the wild
... After collection of the supernatants and cells, the virus was pelleted and then resuspended in lysis buffer (0.02M-Tris-HCI, pH 7.6, 0"15MNaC1, 0-05 M-KC1, 0-001 M-EDTA, 0-0002 M-PMSF, 0-05 % aprotinin, 1% fl-mercaptoethanol and 2 % Triton X-100), The diluted virus (equivalent to 2 x 106 cells or 10 ...
... After collection of the supernatants and cells, the virus was pelleted and then resuspended in lysis buffer (0.02M-Tris-HCI, pH 7.6, 0"15MNaC1, 0-05 M-KC1, 0-001 M-EDTA, 0-0002 M-PMSF, 0-05 % aprotinin, 1% fl-mercaptoethanol and 2 % Triton X-100), The diluted virus (equivalent to 2 x 106 cells or 10 ...
Simple allelic-phenotype diversity and differentiation
... hierarchical distribution among individuals, populations, or groups of populations. For molecular markers with a clear genetic interpretation such as microsatellites, isozymes and DNA sequences, widely used measures of diversity include allelic richness (A), gene diversity (He – ‘expected heterozygo ...
... hierarchical distribution among individuals, populations, or groups of populations. For molecular markers with a clear genetic interpretation such as microsatellites, isozymes and DNA sequences, widely used measures of diversity include allelic richness (A), gene diversity (He – ‘expected heterozygo ...
The Genomics of Emerging Infectious Disease
... essays, perspectives, and reviews about how genomics, with all its associated tools and techniques, can provide insights into our understanding of emerging infectious disease (http://ploscollections. org/emerginginfectiousdisease/) [1–13]. This collection, focused on human disease, is particularly t ...
... essays, perspectives, and reviews about how genomics, with all its associated tools and techniques, can provide insights into our understanding of emerging infectious disease (http://ploscollections. org/emerginginfectiousdisease/) [1–13]. This collection, focused on human disease, is particularly t ...
Questions
... Why should greater genetic variation not be adaptive ? What is the difference between beneficial and detrimental mutations ? Do you have any hypothesis why retroviruses have (nevertheless) evolved the capacit ...
... Why should greater genetic variation not be adaptive ? What is the difference between beneficial and detrimental mutations ? Do you have any hypothesis why retroviruses have (nevertheless) evolved the capacit ...
Stochastic Model for Genetic Recombination
... of the evolutionary process by which the data was generated can therefore provide a useful tool by which patterns of variation can be understood. Recombination is one of the key evolutionary processes shaping the building of genomes. Quantifying the effect of recombination is fundamental to our unde ...
... of the evolutionary process by which the data was generated can therefore provide a useful tool by which patterns of variation can be understood. Recombination is one of the key evolutionary processes shaping the building of genomes. Quantifying the effect of recombination is fundamental to our unde ...
Genetic drift
... Stabilizing selection occurs when individuals with intermediate, or average, phenotypes have higher reproductive success than those with extreme phenotypes: favors an optimum最优 or intermediate phenotype, counteracting抵消 tendency of phenotypic variation to increase from mutation and gene flow this ...
... Stabilizing selection occurs when individuals with intermediate, or average, phenotypes have higher reproductive success than those with extreme phenotypes: favors an optimum最优 or intermediate phenotype, counteracting抵消 tendency of phenotypic variation to increase from mutation and gene flow this ...
The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection (ch. 1-2)
... be affected, as under domesticity, and the structure of the offspring rendered in some degree plastic. Hence almost every part of the body would tend to vary from the typical form in slight degrees, and in no determinate way, and therefore without selection the free crossing of these small variation ...
... be affected, as under domesticity, and the structure of the offspring rendered in some degree plastic. Hence almost every part of the body would tend to vary from the typical form in slight degrees, and in no determinate way, and therefore without selection the free crossing of these small variation ...
Viral phylodynamics
Viral phylodynamics is defined as the study of how epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes act and potentially interact to shape viral phylogenies.Since the coining of the term in 2004, research on viral phylodynamics has focused on transmission dynamics in an effort to shed light on how these dynamics impact viral genetic variation. Transmission dynamics can be considered at the level of cells within an infected host, individual hosts within a population, or entire populations of hosts.Many viruses, especially RNA viruses, rapidly accumulate genetic variation because of short generation times and high mutation rates.Patterns of viral genetic variation are therefore heavily influenced by how quickly transmission occurs and by which entities transmit to one another.Patterns of viral genetic variation will also be affected by selection acting on viral phenotypes.Although viruses can differ with respect to many phenotypes, phylodynamic studies have to date tended to focus on a limited number of viral phenotypes.These include virulence phenotypes, phenotypes associated with viral transmissibility, cell or tissue tropism phenotypes, and antigenic phenotypes that can facilitate escape from host immunity.Due to the impact that transmission dynamics and selection can have on viral genetic variation, viral phylogenies can therefore be used to investigate important epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes, such as epidemic spread, spatio-temporal dynamics including metapopulation dynamics, zoonotic transmission, tissue tropism, and antigenic drift.The quantitative investigation of these processes through the consideration of viral phylogenies is the central aim of viral phylodynamics.