Running head: Coulson et al. Running Head Title
... the dynamics of alleles; this is the not always the case when non-additive genetic processes like heterozygote ...
... the dynamics of alleles; this is the not always the case when non-additive genetic processes like heterozygote ...
Chapter 16: Population Genetics and Evolution
... only white-flowered plants. Between them is a rocky area owned by TLC that lost its trumpet population several years ago because of illegal collecting. You decide to reestablish this subpopulation, and you do so by transplanting 50 red-flowered plants from one of the adjacent subpopulations and 50 w ...
... only white-flowered plants. Between them is a rocky area owned by TLC that lost its trumpet population several years ago because of illegal collecting. You decide to reestablish this subpopulation, and you do so by transplanting 50 red-flowered plants from one of the adjacent subpopulations and 50 w ...
Anti-Terrorism, Crime and Security Act (Pathogens and Toxins)
... The purpose of the Anti-terrorism Crime and Security Act is to help ensure that Governments have, in the light of terrorist attacks, the necessary powers to counter the threat to the UK. Part 7 and Schedules 5 and 6 of the Act places an obligation on managers of laboratories and other premises holdi ...
... The purpose of the Anti-terrorism Crime and Security Act is to help ensure that Governments have, in the light of terrorist attacks, the necessary powers to counter the threat to the UK. Part 7 and Schedules 5 and 6 of the Act places an obligation on managers of laboratories and other premises holdi ...
The role of weak selection and high mutation rates in nearly neutral
... terial genes [Charlesworth and Eyre-Walker, 2006] are shaped by adaptation. This leaves a huge proportion of the genome shaped by effectively neutral substitutions. Could undetected selection at these loci be relevant for evolution? Mutations resulting in a small change to reproductive ability are ...
... terial genes [Charlesworth and Eyre-Walker, 2006] are shaped by adaptation. This leaves a huge proportion of the genome shaped by effectively neutral substitutions. Could undetected selection at these loci be relevant for evolution? Mutations resulting in a small change to reproductive ability are ...
CompleteSummaryH5N1Others26thDecemberFormated
... The first reported human cases of H5N1 occurred in 1997 in Hong Kong. There were 18 cases with 6 deaths. In early 2003 there were 2 more cases in Hong Kong in a family who had visited Southern China. There were then no further reports of disease in humans until early January 2004 when cases of human ...
... The first reported human cases of H5N1 occurred in 1997 in Hong Kong. There were 18 cases with 6 deaths. In early 2003 there were 2 more cases in Hong Kong in a family who had visited Southern China. There were then no further reports of disease in humans until early January 2004 when cases of human ...
7th May 2004 20 Questions on Adaptive Dynamics
... (as it is in Figures 2a and 3a, in the vicinity of the point p) then mutants with larger (smaller) trait values than that of the residents will invade. Conversely, if D(x) is negative, mutants with smaller trait values will invade. Such gradient-type dynamics are analogous to those studied in standa ...
... (as it is in Figures 2a and 3a, in the vicinity of the point p) then mutants with larger (smaller) trait values than that of the residents will invade. Conversely, if D(x) is negative, mutants with smaller trait values will invade. Such gradient-type dynamics are analogous to those studied in standa ...
Population Genetics II Mutation – selection balance
... has no direction with respect to particular alleles, its effect is to reduce genetic diversity as alleles randomly become rare and eventually are lost from the population, and also to produce random differences among different populations. Random sampling of alleles Imagine a population with a const ...
... has no direction with respect to particular alleles, its effect is to reduce genetic diversity as alleles randomly become rare and eventually are lost from the population, and also to produce random differences among different populations. Random sampling of alleles Imagine a population with a const ...
Sex and Deleterious Mutations
... determined by vk ¼ (1 sd)k, where sd is the selection coefficient of a given deleterious mutation. In most of the simulations we have assumed a constant value of sd, although we also studied the case where the effect of deleterious mutations follows a gamma distribution. Deleterious mutations occu ...
... determined by vk ¼ (1 sd)k, where sd is the selection coefficient of a given deleterious mutation. In most of the simulations we have assumed a constant value of sd, although we also studied the case where the effect of deleterious mutations follows a gamma distribution. Deleterious mutations occu ...
Viral meningitis is an infection of the subarachnoid space caused by
... Immunopathology: As with many viral infections, a substantial proportion of the pathology may actually be caused by the host immune response to the viral infection. During severe encephalitis, an inflammatory reaction is usually prominent in the meninges and in a perivascular distribution within th ...
... Immunopathology: As with many viral infections, a substantial proportion of the pathology may actually be caused by the host immune response to the viral infection. During severe encephalitis, an inflammatory reaction is usually prominent in the meninges and in a perivascular distribution within th ...
Course: Mr. Tanner`s Life Science Course
... Bacterial Growth and Disinfectants Recall that pathogens such as bacteria and viruses surround you. When studying pathogens, scientists often use agar plates to grow bacteria and other colonies. An agar plate is a Petri dish containing agar, a gel made from seaweed, and nutrients needed for bacteria ...
... Bacterial Growth and Disinfectants Recall that pathogens such as bacteria and viruses surround you. When studying pathogens, scientists often use agar plates to grow bacteria and other colonies. An agar plate is a Petri dish containing agar, a gel made from seaweed, and nutrients needed for bacteria ...
Antiviral, Antitubercular, Antifunginal Agents.Antimalarial
... induce host cell enzymes that inhibit viral RNA translation and cause degradation of viral mRNA and tRNA Bind to membrane receptors on cell surface May also inhibit viral penetration, uncoating, mRNA synthesis, and translation, and virion assembly and release ...
... induce host cell enzymes that inhibit viral RNA translation and cause degradation of viral mRNA and tRNA Bind to membrane receptors on cell surface May also inhibit viral penetration, uncoating, mRNA synthesis, and translation, and virion assembly and release ...
MEDICAL VIROLOGY LEARING TABLES
... Major Route Confirmation Pathogenesis of of Infection* (over simplified) Transmission Viremia, Invasion of CNS, Lytic Infection Of Anterior Horn ...
... Major Route Confirmation Pathogenesis of of Infection* (over simplified) Transmission Viremia, Invasion of CNS, Lytic Infection Of Anterior Horn ...
Paramyxoviruses
... Pneumonia, which can also be a serious complication, accounts for 60% of the deaths caused by measles. The mortality associated with pneumonia, like the incidence of the other complications associated with measles, is higher in the malnourished and for the extremes of age. Bacterial superinfection i ...
... Pneumonia, which can also be a serious complication, accounts for 60% of the deaths caused by measles. The mortality associated with pneumonia, like the incidence of the other complications associated with measles, is higher in the malnourished and for the extremes of age. Bacterial superinfection i ...
Influenza Protocol (Seasonal, Pandemic and Avian Influenza)
... globe in around four to six months. Several waves of infection occurred over two years, killing an estimated 40-50 million people. Since then there have been three subsequent influenza pandemics, in 1957, 1968 and 2009. In terms of morbidity and mortality, the 2009 epidemic is considered to have bee ...
... globe in around four to six months. Several waves of infection occurred over two years, killing an estimated 40-50 million people. Since then there have been three subsequent influenza pandemics, in 1957, 1968 and 2009. In terms of morbidity and mortality, the 2009 epidemic is considered to have bee ...
Technician - Drug Store News CE
... UV lights, which also disinfect. Creating negative pressure by using exhaust fans also is effective in reducing particles in the air. Bathrooms can pose a special risk to infection spread. It is recommended that bathroom windows be left partly open to introduce fresh air and that exhaust fans are us ...
... UV lights, which also disinfect. Creating negative pressure by using exhaust fans also is effective in reducing particles in the air. Bathrooms can pose a special risk to infection spread. It is recommended that bathroom windows be left partly open to introduce fresh air and that exhaust fans are us ...
Annual Report 2015 - Pan American Health Organization
... for affected populations. These centers should be strategically located to maximize the number of affected individuals that may be treated in outpatient settings, based on case management protocols defined and agreed to by all parties. Response plans must provide for coordination between treatment c ...
... for affected populations. These centers should be strategically located to maximize the number of affected individuals that may be treated in outpatient settings, based on case management protocols defined and agreed to by all parties. Response plans must provide for coordination between treatment c ...
Phase 0, Level 3: Pandemic Alert
... flu virus emerges to which few people, if any, have immunity. Any vaccine or therapeutic drugs are likely to be delayed and in short supply. Because of these features, pandemic flu is likely to last several months and affect a large percentage of the national and world population, causing major soci ...
... flu virus emerges to which few people, if any, have immunity. Any vaccine or therapeutic drugs are likely to be delayed and in short supply. Because of these features, pandemic flu is likely to last several months and affect a large percentage of the national and world population, causing major soci ...
Phenotypic Evolution and Parthenogenesis Michael Lynch
... ecological and biogeographic data for parthenogenetic species from a diversity of phylogenetic groups provide support for the idea that, compared to their bisexual relatives, obligate parthenogens tend to have highly generalized genotypes, i.e., phenotypes that are relatively insensitive to environm ...
... ecological and biogeographic data for parthenogenetic species from a diversity of phylogenetic groups provide support for the idea that, compared to their bisexual relatives, obligate parthenogens tend to have highly generalized genotypes, i.e., phenotypes that are relatively insensitive to environm ...
Wisconsin Medical Journal 109no3
... mechanical ventilation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or death. Conclusions: The first wave of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in Wisconsin disproportionately affected hospitalized patients who were African Americans, Asians, and Hispanics compared to non-Hispanic whites. Preventive measures focused o ...
... mechanical ventilation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or death. Conclusions: The first wave of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in Wisconsin disproportionately affected hospitalized patients who were African Americans, Asians, and Hispanics compared to non-Hispanic whites. Preventive measures focused o ...
Pandemic and Seasonal Influenza Principles for United States Action
... he Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) first issued a set of Pandemic and Seasonal Influenza Principles for U.S. Action in January 2007. Our intent—then and now—was to inform and educate the United States government and policymakers on how to best prepare for and respond to seasonal and pa ...
... he Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) first issued a set of Pandemic and Seasonal Influenza Principles for U.S. Action in January 2007. Our intent—then and now—was to inform and educate the United States government and policymakers on how to best prepare for and respond to seasonal and pa ...
objectives
... throughout the day), she injects a small amount of saliva to delay the host blood clotting process. Pathogens such as CHIK-V which replicate in the salivary glands of the mosquito may be shared with new hosts during this injection. Only about 2 microliters of blood are withdrawn by the female mosqui ...
... throughout the day), she injects a small amount of saliva to delay the host blood clotting process. Pathogens such as CHIK-V which replicate in the salivary glands of the mosquito may be shared with new hosts during this injection. Only about 2 microliters of blood are withdrawn by the female mosqui ...
Viral adaptation to host - Molecular Systems Biology
... An exception is the Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus, which contains a partial set of tRNAs and other host-like properties (Van Etten and Meints, 1999). In a recent study that tested the codon usage adaptation for over 100 bacteriophages infecting 10 different bacterial hosts, it was shown that t ...
... An exception is the Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus, which contains a partial set of tRNAs and other host-like properties (Van Etten and Meints, 1999). In a recent study that tested the codon usage adaptation for over 100 bacteriophages infecting 10 different bacterial hosts, it was shown that t ...
Genetic Drift
... The founder effect is a particular example of the influence of random sampling. It was defined by Ernst Mayr: "The establishment of a new population by a few original founders (in an extreme case, by a single fertilised female) which carry only a small fraction of the total genetic variation of the ...
... The founder effect is a particular example of the influence of random sampling. It was defined by Ernst Mayr: "The establishment of a new population by a few original founders (in an extreme case, by a single fertilised female) which carry only a small fraction of the total genetic variation of the ...
The transmission and persistence of `urban legends`: sociological
... The population at age zero is all in group M 6 , which they leave with agespecific rate δ(a), a delayed exponential decay into the susceptible group, S (see eqn. 5). There are two modes of exit from susceptibility: infection and skepticism. The susceptible population becomes skeptical or immune (de ...
... The population at age zero is all in group M 6 , which they leave with agespecific rate δ(a), a delayed exponential decay into the susceptible group, S (see eqn. 5). There are two modes of exit from susceptibility: infection and skepticism. The susceptible population becomes skeptical or immune (de ...
Some Mathematical Models in Evolutionary Genetics
... Although it was argued convincingly that this statement has been misinterpreted for many decades (see Ewens’ chapter), the ‘classical’ interpretation has led to deep insights into the evolutionary process. Fisher’s Fundamental Theorem not only implies that evolution is impossible in the absence of g ...
... Although it was argued convincingly that this statement has been misinterpreted for many decades (see Ewens’ chapter), the ‘classical’ interpretation has led to deep insights into the evolutionary process. Fisher’s Fundamental Theorem not only implies that evolution is impossible in the absence of g ...
Viral phylodynamics
Viral phylodynamics is defined as the study of how epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes act and potentially interact to shape viral phylogenies.Since the coining of the term in 2004, research on viral phylodynamics has focused on transmission dynamics in an effort to shed light on how these dynamics impact viral genetic variation. Transmission dynamics can be considered at the level of cells within an infected host, individual hosts within a population, or entire populations of hosts.Many viruses, especially RNA viruses, rapidly accumulate genetic variation because of short generation times and high mutation rates.Patterns of viral genetic variation are therefore heavily influenced by how quickly transmission occurs and by which entities transmit to one another.Patterns of viral genetic variation will also be affected by selection acting on viral phenotypes.Although viruses can differ with respect to many phenotypes, phylodynamic studies have to date tended to focus on a limited number of viral phenotypes.These include virulence phenotypes, phenotypes associated with viral transmissibility, cell or tissue tropism phenotypes, and antigenic phenotypes that can facilitate escape from host immunity.Due to the impact that transmission dynamics and selection can have on viral genetic variation, viral phylogenies can therefore be used to investigate important epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes, such as epidemic spread, spatio-temporal dynamics including metapopulation dynamics, zoonotic transmission, tissue tropism, and antigenic drift.The quantitative investigation of these processes through the consideration of viral phylogenies is the central aim of viral phylodynamics.