Chapter 1 Basic Building Blocks and Structure of Animal Breeding
... language libraries. Apart from the method of selection, the user has to specify the number of animals to be selected and the category of animals, which are eligible for selection. One might, for example, restrict the selection to animals of one particular age class only or have no restriction other ...
... language libraries. Apart from the method of selection, the user has to specify the number of animals to be selected and the category of animals, which are eligible for selection. One might, for example, restrict the selection to animals of one particular age class only or have no restriction other ...
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE 2014/2015 EBOLA
... impact. Since almost all decisions in health care, in particular in developing countries like those in West Africa, are made in an environment of scarcity, making the best of available resources based on models is clearly useful. Furthermore, models allow us to identify targets for interventions. Fo ...
... impact. Since almost all decisions in health care, in particular in developing countries like those in West Africa, are made in an environment of scarcity, making the best of available resources based on models is clearly useful. Furthermore, models allow us to identify targets for interventions. Fo ...
... polymorphisms result from variations in enzyme/protein structures while cytogenetic characterization detects variations in chromosome structure and numbers. As for molecular markers, variations in DNA sequences (i.e. point mutations) are detected. Furthermore, marker analyses such as these generate ...
a Case Study - Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
... Generator of Spears [19]. We generate landscapes of 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 binary peaks whose heights are linearly distributed and where the lowest peak is 0.5. The chromosome of each individual consists of 100 binary genes, i.e., hx1 , . . . , x100 i and 1 or 2 self-adaptive pa ...
... Generator of Spears [19]. We generate landscapes of 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 binary peaks whose heights are linearly distributed and where the lowest peak is 0.5. The chromosome of each individual consists of 100 binary genes, i.e., hx1 , . . . , x100 i and 1 or 2 self-adaptive pa ...
4. Populationsgenetik
... of each pair having been inherited from the maternal parent, the other from the paternal. The allelic composition is called the genotype, and the set of observable properties derived from the genotype is called the phenotype. Thus, supposing that there are two alleles A1 and A2 , there are three pos ...
... of each pair having been inherited from the maternal parent, the other from the paternal. The allelic composition is called the genotype, and the set of observable properties derived from the genotype is called the phenotype. Thus, supposing that there are two alleles A1 and A2 , there are three pos ...
Immunization Update 2016
... allergy, and children aged 2 through 4 years who have asthma or who have had a wheezing episode noted in the medical record within the past 12 months, or for whom parents report that a health care provider stated that they had wheezing or asthma within the last 12 months. LAIV4 should not be adminis ...
... allergy, and children aged 2 through 4 years who have asthma or who have had a wheezing episode noted in the medical record within the past 12 months, or for whom parents report that a health care provider stated that they had wheezing or asthma within the last 12 months. LAIV4 should not be adminis ...
review the role of dipterous insects in the mechanical transmission
... and both have the capacity for trapping blood between the tood canal and the labium (the structure enclosing both the hypophavynx and the food canal), which are inserted into the host tissues as the insect feeds. Stomo.~'s calcitrans, the widely distributed stable fly, is superficially similar to th ...
... and both have the capacity for trapping blood between the tood canal and the labium (the structure enclosing both the hypophavynx and the food canal), which are inserted into the host tissues as the insect feeds. Stomo.~'s calcitrans, the widely distributed stable fly, is superficially similar to th ...
processes shaping diversity
... We study evolutionary processes by considering how allele frequencies within a population change in time and space. By understanding the mechanisms through which evolutionary processes act, we can produce mathematical models that approximate reality. Such models are necessary to understand the subtl ...
... We study evolutionary processes by considering how allele frequencies within a population change in time and space. By understanding the mechanisms through which evolutionary processes act, we can produce mathematical models that approximate reality. Such models are necessary to understand the subtl ...
Important of Plant viruses - International Invention Journals
... However, after larger inoculation with a large number of bacteria, he failed to develop a mosaic symptom. In 1898, Martinus Beijerinck, who was a Professor of Microbiology at the Technical University the Netherlands, put forth his concepts that viruses were small and determined that the "mosaic dise ...
... However, after larger inoculation with a large number of bacteria, he failed to develop a mosaic symptom. In 1898, Martinus Beijerinck, who was a Professor of Microbiology at the Technical University the Netherlands, put forth his concepts that viruses were small and determined that the "mosaic dise ...
Influenza Key points_ACIP recs_HCP and pregnancy
... Several studies conducted over different flu seasons and involving different influenza viruses and types of flu vaccine have shown that a person’s protective antibody against influenza viruses declines over the course of a year after vaccination, particularly in the elderly. ...
... Several studies conducted over different flu seasons and involving different influenza viruses and types of flu vaccine have shown that a person’s protective antibody against influenza viruses declines over the course of a year after vaccination, particularly in the elderly. ...
Wright-Fisher evolution
... Coming down from infinity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
... Coming down from infinity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
ANALYZING THE FOUNDER EFFECT IN SIMULATED
... The question of the initial diversity is pertinent in artificial evolutionary systems for two main reasons. First, the random generation of viable individuals in some complex problems can be a rare event and, in those cases, it would be advantageous if the evolutionary process could get started from ...
... The question of the initial diversity is pertinent in artificial evolutionary systems for two main reasons. First, the random generation of viable individuals in some complex problems can be a rare event and, in those cases, it would be advantageous if the evolutionary process could get started from ...
PDF
... sign of a3 is negative by assumption there cannot exist a root in [0, 1) for Θ (0) > 0 and Θ′ (1) < 0 . For the last case, Θ (0) > 0 and Θ′ (1) < 0 , there can either exist no or two roots depending on the parameter values of expression (16). We can therefore limit our discussion to these five cases ...
... sign of a3 is negative by assumption there cannot exist a root in [0, 1) for Θ (0) > 0 and Θ′ (1) < 0 . For the last case, Θ (0) > 0 and Θ′ (1) < 0 , there can either exist no or two roots depending on the parameter values of expression (16). We can therefore limit our discussion to these five cases ...
Document
... population bottlenecks and admixture. All genome-based tests have an important caveat. The large number of markers used are typically generated by looking for polymorphisms in a very small, and often not very ethnically-diverse, sample Results in a strong ascertainment bias, for example, an excess o ...
... population bottlenecks and admixture. All genome-based tests have an important caveat. The large number of markers used are typically generated by looking for polymorphisms in a very small, and often not very ethnically-diverse, sample Results in a strong ascertainment bias, for example, an excess o ...
1 - NEVDGP
... Checklist for current pandemic phase ALERT OS3 Staff have been briefed on pandemic phases and understand the impact of each phase and the practice’s response plan Staff are aware of influenza-like illness symptoms (‘red flags’) that alert them to suspect a case of avian influenza (ALERT OS3) and pan ...
... Checklist for current pandemic phase ALERT OS3 Staff have been briefed on pandemic phases and understand the impact of each phase and the practice’s response plan Staff are aware of influenza-like illness symptoms (‘red flags’) that alert them to suspect a case of avian influenza (ALERT OS3) and pan ...
I PG - VIROLOGY E-LEARNING
... host cells (lytic infection) (e.g. T-phages of E.coli). Temperate phages may integrate into the host DNA, causing LYSOGENY. The infection cycle of T-even bacteriophage lasts about 20 minutes, culminating in lysis (bursting-open) of the host cell, E. coli. The whole process can be classified into, (i ...
... host cells (lytic infection) (e.g. T-phages of E.coli). Temperate phages may integrate into the host DNA, causing LYSOGENY. The infection cycle of T-even bacteriophage lasts about 20 minutes, culminating in lysis (bursting-open) of the host cell, E. coli. The whole process can be classified into, (i ...
evolution of genetic diversity
... Kevin will discuss mutation: new raw material for evolution. HOWEVER: If alleles always evolved until they become fixed (invariant), or lost... Most of the time, populations would rarely be under selection, and there would be little standing variation. But, in nature things are very different ... TO ...
... Kevin will discuss mutation: new raw material for evolution. HOWEVER: If alleles always evolved until they become fixed (invariant), or lost... Most of the time, populations would rarely be under selection, and there would be little standing variation. But, in nature things are very different ... TO ...
Does genetic diversity limit disease spread in natural host
... The more recent model suggests that increases in the genetic diversity of host populations could have a large effect on disease spread and prevalence at equilibrium (Lively, 2010a). The model assumes that there are no co-infections, and that each parasite genotype can only infect one genetically det ...
... The more recent model suggests that increases in the genetic diversity of host populations could have a large effect on disease spread and prevalence at equilibrium (Lively, 2010a). The model assumes that there are no co-infections, and that each parasite genotype can only infect one genetically det ...
Molecular clock: insights and pitfalls
... The Neutral Theory of molecular evolution Rate of evolution: rate at which new alleles (created by mutation) are substituted for other alleles already present in the population. Kimura, 1968: When genetic drift is the only force in action Molecular rate of evolution = Mutation rate ν: Rate of neutr ...
... The Neutral Theory of molecular evolution Rate of evolution: rate at which new alleles (created by mutation) are substituted for other alleles already present in the population. Kimura, 1968: When genetic drift is the only force in action Molecular rate of evolution = Mutation rate ν: Rate of neutr ...
part 2b risk assessment of genetically modified human and animal
... for people who are occupationally infected or level 1 as the minimum level of containment. exposed. Additional containment and control (Note that the reclassification applies only to the measures over and above those required for the disabled parental virus; any harmful properties viral vector will ...
... for people who are occupationally infected or level 1 as the minimum level of containment. exposed. Additional containment and control (Note that the reclassification applies only to the measures over and above those required for the disabled parental virus; any harmful properties viral vector will ...
Oscillococcinum - Centro Studi La Ruota
... preparation made from the heart and liver of wild duck (specifically the Muscovy duck), purportedly containing nucleic and other phosphoric compounds. The preparation undergoes several dilutions (one part in 100; 200 times in a row [i.e., 200C]), after which there are reportedly little to no origina ...
... preparation made from the heart and liver of wild duck (specifically the Muscovy duck), purportedly containing nucleic and other phosphoric compounds. The preparation undergoes several dilutions (one part in 100; 200 times in a row [i.e., 200C]), after which there are reportedly little to no origina ...
What is Myocarditis?
... Viruses may also directly cause myocyte apoptosis. During the autoimmune phase, cytokines activate the matrix metalloproteinase, such as gelatinase, collagenases, and elastases. In later stages of immune activation, cytokines play a leading role in adverse remodeling and progressive heart fail ...
... Viruses may also directly cause myocyte apoptosis. During the autoimmune phase, cytokines activate the matrix metalloproteinase, such as gelatinase, collagenases, and elastases. In later stages of immune activation, cytokines play a leading role in adverse remodeling and progressive heart fail ...
Adaptation of a Quantitative Trait to a Moving Optimum
... time (defining the time for an allele to become beneficial), the waiting time for a successful beneficial mutation, and the fixation time. Depending on the biological parameters, each of these time scales may dominate and, thus, defines a dynamic regime with specific properties. So far, extensive th ...
... time (defining the time for an allele to become beneficial), the waiting time for a successful beneficial mutation, and the fixation time. Depending on the biological parameters, each of these time scales may dominate and, thus, defines a dynamic regime with specific properties. So far, extensive th ...
Viral phylodynamics
Viral phylodynamics is defined as the study of how epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes act and potentially interact to shape viral phylogenies.Since the coining of the term in 2004, research on viral phylodynamics has focused on transmission dynamics in an effort to shed light on how these dynamics impact viral genetic variation. Transmission dynamics can be considered at the level of cells within an infected host, individual hosts within a population, or entire populations of hosts.Many viruses, especially RNA viruses, rapidly accumulate genetic variation because of short generation times and high mutation rates.Patterns of viral genetic variation are therefore heavily influenced by how quickly transmission occurs and by which entities transmit to one another.Patterns of viral genetic variation will also be affected by selection acting on viral phenotypes.Although viruses can differ with respect to many phenotypes, phylodynamic studies have to date tended to focus on a limited number of viral phenotypes.These include virulence phenotypes, phenotypes associated with viral transmissibility, cell or tissue tropism phenotypes, and antigenic phenotypes that can facilitate escape from host immunity.Due to the impact that transmission dynamics and selection can have on viral genetic variation, viral phylogenies can therefore be used to investigate important epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes, such as epidemic spread, spatio-temporal dynamics including metapopulation dynamics, zoonotic transmission, tissue tropism, and antigenic drift.The quantitative investigation of these processes through the consideration of viral phylogenies is the central aim of viral phylodynamics.