Influenza in New Zealand 2009 - ESR
... date). In this dataset, people who received less than one day of short hospital treatment in hospital’s emergency departments were excluded from any time series analysis of influenza hospitalisations during 2000-2009. Influenza-related hospitalisations were conservatively taken to include only those ...
... date). In this dataset, people who received less than one day of short hospital treatment in hospital’s emergency departments were excluded from any time series analysis of influenza hospitalisations during 2000-2009. Influenza-related hospitalisations were conservatively taken to include only those ...
Blood-borne viruses – what they are and how they spread
... infectious and some of which are not. Viral proteins are secreted into the blood and their presence can be useful markers of infection. In individuals chronically infected with HBV, the persistence in the circulation of viral proteins indicates continuing high potential infectivity for sexual partne ...
... infectious and some of which are not. Viral proteins are secreted into the blood and their presence can be useful markers of infection. In individuals chronically infected with HBV, the persistence in the circulation of viral proteins indicates continuing high potential infectivity for sexual partne ...
Darwin`s continent cycle theory and its simulation by the Prisoner`s
... the stepping stone model the isolating by distance model In the one-island model, an island and a large continent are considered. The large continent continuously sends migrants to the island. In the island model, the population is pictured as subdivided into a series of randomly distributed islands ...
... the stepping stone model the isolating by distance model In the one-island model, an island and a large continent are considered. The large continent continuously sends migrants to the island. In the island model, the population is pictured as subdivided into a series of randomly distributed islands ...
ed Life onsists of a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat
... the bacterium Escherichia coli in this colorized SEM. By injecting its DNA into the cell, the virus sets in motion a genetic takeover of the bacterium, recruiting cellular machinery to mass-produce many new viruses. Recall that bacteria and other prokaryotes are cells much smaller and more simply or ...
... the bacterium Escherichia coli in this colorized SEM. By injecting its DNA into the cell, the virus sets in motion a genetic takeover of the bacterium, recruiting cellular machinery to mass-produce many new viruses. Recall that bacteria and other prokaryotes are cells much smaller and more simply or ...
Computer simulations: tools for population and evolutionary genetics
... determining the number of colonies required to maintain sex allele variation in managed bee populations25; and predicting the genetic impact of population reductions (for example, harvesting 26 and poaching 27). These problems have been addressed using forward simulators (BOX 1), such as Vortex and ...
... determining the number of colonies required to maintain sex allele variation in managed bee populations25; and predicting the genetic impact of population reductions (for example, harvesting 26 and poaching 27). These problems have been addressed using forward simulators (BOX 1), such as Vortex and ...
immunisations - mededcoventry.com
... Vaccines for special groups There are some vaccines that aren't routinely available to everyone on the NHS, but that are available for people who fall into certain risk groups, such as pregnant women, people with long-term health conditions and healthcare workers. Additional ones include hepatitis B ...
... Vaccines for special groups There are some vaccines that aren't routinely available to everyone on the NHS, but that are available for people who fall into certain risk groups, such as pregnant women, people with long-term health conditions and healthcare workers. Additional ones include hepatitis B ...
Molecular epidemiology - The Battle Against Microbial Pathogens
... Fig. 1 The integrated four disciplines which make up molecular epidemiology. ...
... Fig. 1 The integrated four disciplines which make up molecular epidemiology. ...
Infection Prevention for all KCI and KCC Staff
... Lotions from home are not approved for use in hospitals because: 1. They can damage the gloves you wear and cause leaks ...
... Lotions from home are not approved for use in hospitals because: 1. They can damage the gloves you wear and cause leaks ...
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
... Transmission • Direct contact with blood/body fluids/cadavers • Aerosol spray (droplet v. airborne) • Sexual transmission • Percutaneous • Bite of infected tick or mosquito Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers ...
... Transmission • Direct contact with blood/body fluids/cadavers • Aerosol spray (droplet v. airborne) • Sexual transmission • Percutaneous • Bite of infected tick or mosquito Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers ...
Realized Heritability
... To quantify any increase in number of hairs made by selecting and intermating the hairy portion of a population, students would first want to record the number of hairs on each plant in the experimental population (Generation 0) of size = n. Then calculate the average number of hairs on a represent ...
... To quantify any increase in number of hairs made by selecting and intermating the hairy portion of a population, students would first want to record the number of hairs on each plant in the experimental population (Generation 0) of size = n. Then calculate the average number of hairs on a represent ...
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) – HIV Virus
... clinical entity in 1981. Initial reports were based on an unusual increase in the incidence of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), diseases that were considered at that time to occur rarely. While both diseases are occasionally observed in different populations (e.g., KS in older m ...
... clinical entity in 1981. Initial reports were based on an unusual increase in the incidence of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), diseases that were considered at that time to occur rarely. While both diseases are occasionally observed in different populations (e.g., KS in older m ...
Updated CDC Influenza Infection Control Guidance 2010
... have fever alone as an initial symptom or sign. Thus, it can be very difficult to distinguish influenza from many other causes, especially early in a person’s illness. HCP with fever alone should follow workplace policy for HCP with fever until a more specific cause of fever is identified or until f ...
... have fever alone as an initial symptom or sign. Thus, it can be very difficult to distinguish influenza from many other causes, especially early in a person’s illness. HCP with fever alone should follow workplace policy for HCP with fever until a more specific cause of fever is identified or until f ...
Annual Report, October 2009, 102 KB PDF
... POP production to areas that are related to the average distance moved between birth and reproduction called neighborhoods. The spatial scale of neighborhoods (productivity units) is the geographic scale on which management should focus. Incorporating demographic information from our genetic studies ...
... POP production to areas that are related to the average distance moved between birth and reproduction called neighborhoods. The spatial scale of neighborhoods (productivity units) is the geographic scale on which management should focus. Incorporating demographic information from our genetic studies ...
Why Sex? — Monte Carlo Simulations of Survival After Catastrophes
... years, an individual may also die for lack of space and food. Such a case is taken into account through the Verhulst factor V = 1 − N (t)/Nmax , where N (t) is the actual size of the population at time t and Nmax is the maximum size (carrying capacity) the population can sustain, which is defined at ...
... years, an individual may also die for lack of space and food. Such a case is taken into account through the Verhulst factor V = 1 − N (t)/Nmax , where N (t) is the actual size of the population at time t and Nmax is the maximum size (carrying capacity) the population can sustain, which is defined at ...
Curr. Opin. Virol. v2-SFE140709
... An interesting phenomenon of plant viral disease, which is not so common among animal viruses, is synergism during coinfection [1**]. Coinfection by two distinct viruses or by two strains of the same virus results in complex interactions with unpredictable disease phenotypes [1**]. In general, antag ...
... An interesting phenomenon of plant viral disease, which is not so common among animal viruses, is synergism during coinfection [1**]. Coinfection by two distinct viruses or by two strains of the same virus results in complex interactions with unpredictable disease phenotypes [1**]. In general, antag ...
3 Virus Replication Cycles
... Enveloped viruses contain a lipid bilayer, or envelope, that surrounds the nucleocapsid. These viruses enter cells via fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. This process is driven by the viral glycoproteins located on the viral surface. The two basic modes of entry of an enveloped human/animal ...
... Enveloped viruses contain a lipid bilayer, or envelope, that surrounds the nucleocapsid. These viruses enter cells via fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. This process is driven by the viral glycoproteins located on the viral surface. The two basic modes of entry of an enveloped human/animal ...
Attack of the Viruses!
... • Newly made viruses are released into the blood stream by exocytosis and infect other white blood cells. ...
... • Newly made viruses are released into the blood stream by exocytosis and infect other white blood cells. ...
File
... • Disposable gloves should not be reused. • Latex or polyvinyl-chloride are the materials most frequently used for gloves. • Quality and duration of use vary considerably from one glove type to another. ...
... • Disposable gloves should not be reused. • Latex or polyvinyl-chloride are the materials most frequently used for gloves. • Quality and duration of use vary considerably from one glove type to another. ...
Handbook of Evolutionary Computation: May 97
... suitable languages (often LISP, but others are possible as well), while classifier systems search the space of production rules (or sets of rules) of the form ‘IF THEN ’.
A variety of different representations of individuals and corresponding operators are presently known
in evol ...
... suitable languages (often LISP, but others are possible as well), while classifier systems search the space of production rules (or sets of rules) of the form ‘IF
Selection
... Occasionally some of the genetic material changes very slightly during this process (replication error) This means that the child might have genetic material information not inherited from either parent This can be – catastrophic: offspring in not viable (most likely) – neutral: new feature not infl ...
... Occasionally some of the genetic material changes very slightly during this process (replication error) This means that the child might have genetic material information not inherited from either parent This can be – catastrophic: offspring in not viable (most likely) – neutral: new feature not infl ...
Knowledge About STDs Among Americans
... nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tenderness in upper right abdomen • can also include itchy skin, dark urine, pale stool, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of eyes) • some people have no symptoms at all, but are silent carriers (can still transmit virus to other people) • infected person is ...
... nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tenderness in upper right abdomen • can also include itchy skin, dark urine, pale stool, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of eyes) • some people have no symptoms at all, but are silent carriers (can still transmit virus to other people) • infected person is ...
biochemistry of microbes
... The poliovirus receptor is expressed in many human tissue types, apparently including some tissues, such as kidney, which are not normal sites of poliovirus replication in the host. The tendency of a virus to replicate only in particular tissue types is called "tissue tropism," and is an active area ...
... The poliovirus receptor is expressed in many human tissue types, apparently including some tissues, such as kidney, which are not normal sites of poliovirus replication in the host. The tendency of a virus to replicate only in particular tissue types is called "tissue tropism," and is an active area ...
genetic drift
... complete genetic isolation (no contact with any other population) discrete generations with no age structure all individuals contribute the same number of gametes on the average to the next generation (no natural selection) • the sampling variation in the number of gametes contributed to the next ge ...
... complete genetic isolation (no contact with any other population) discrete generations with no age structure all individuals contribute the same number of gametes on the average to the next generation (no natural selection) • the sampling variation in the number of gametes contributed to the next ge ...
Document
... Genetic Drift The changes in the allele frequencies of a gene pool due to chance Has greater affects in smaller populations ...
... Genetic Drift The changes in the allele frequencies of a gene pool due to chance Has greater affects in smaller populations ...
Viral phylodynamics
Viral phylodynamics is defined as the study of how epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes act and potentially interact to shape viral phylogenies.Since the coining of the term in 2004, research on viral phylodynamics has focused on transmission dynamics in an effort to shed light on how these dynamics impact viral genetic variation. Transmission dynamics can be considered at the level of cells within an infected host, individual hosts within a population, or entire populations of hosts.Many viruses, especially RNA viruses, rapidly accumulate genetic variation because of short generation times and high mutation rates.Patterns of viral genetic variation are therefore heavily influenced by how quickly transmission occurs and by which entities transmit to one another.Patterns of viral genetic variation will also be affected by selection acting on viral phenotypes.Although viruses can differ with respect to many phenotypes, phylodynamic studies have to date tended to focus on a limited number of viral phenotypes.These include virulence phenotypes, phenotypes associated with viral transmissibility, cell or tissue tropism phenotypes, and antigenic phenotypes that can facilitate escape from host immunity.Due to the impact that transmission dynamics and selection can have on viral genetic variation, viral phylogenies can therefore be used to investigate important epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes, such as epidemic spread, spatio-temporal dynamics including metapopulation dynamics, zoonotic transmission, tissue tropism, and antigenic drift.The quantitative investigation of these processes through the consideration of viral phylogenies is the central aim of viral phylodynamics.