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What are viruses? - Northern Highlands
What are viruses? - Northern Highlands

... No protein or membrane coat (not a virus) Can cause disease, more often in plants Only human example – hepatitis D ...
Chapter 19
Chapter 19

... DNA into the DNA of the host cell, and the viral genetic information replicates along with the host cells DNA • Unlike lytic viruses, lysogenic viruses do not lyse the host cell right away. Instead, a lysogenic virus remains inactive for a period of time • Eventually, only one of a number of factors ...
Name
Name

... 7.1.3 Discuss the sequence of events of retroviral replication by using the HIV virus. 7.1.4 Discuss the relationship between HIV and AIDS. Include the mode of transmission, symptoms, the immune system response and course of the disease. 7.1.5 Describe the structure, replication, and action of prion ...
Paracytology and virology 2nd stage Germs: Viruses, Bacteria, and
Paracytology and virology 2nd stage Germs: Viruses, Bacteria, and

... enteroviruses, which enter through the gastrointestinal tract but may produce central nervous system disease). After primary replication at the site of entry, these viruses then spread within the host. Mechanisms of viral spread vary, but the most common route is via the bloodstream or lymphatics. T ...
MIB 311 - Fountain University, Osogbo
MIB 311 - Fountain University, Osogbo

... •  Full description of select viruses including symbiotic characteristics ...
Unit 3 Microorganisms Viruses Bacteria Protists Fungi PowerPoint
Unit 3 Microorganisms Viruses Bacteria Protists Fungi PowerPoint

... • Usually reproduce by making spores • Lightweight spores are carried around by wind or water. • Fruiting bodies- fungal structures that produce spores. • Can use asexual (budding) or sexual ...
Virus (Latin: slimy toxin, venom) English viruses plural but actually
Virus (Latin: slimy toxin, venom) English viruses plural but actually

... Note: E.coli 4,000,000 base pairs and 3000nm long ...
THE GENETICS OF VIRUSES
THE GENETICS OF VIRUSES

...  Once entered and reproducing, the virus spreads through plasmodesmata. -Viroids and prions are infectious agents simpler than viruses  Viroids-tiny molecules of naked circular RNA infecting plants o only several hundred nucleotides long—don’t encode proteins but can replicate using cellular enzym ...
Introduction to viruses Viruses are non
Introduction to viruses Viruses are non

... viruses are living or non-living. It would depend on your definition of what it takes to be “alive.” The majority of scientists seem to think viruses are not alive. To me they are alive. Here’s what we know: Viruses are ALL obligate parasites of cells/organisms, and ALL organisms are host to viruses ...
Chapter 20
Chapter 20

... change and start to recognize and bind to cell surface receptors on lymphocytes called T cells • Unlike its activity in macrophages, HIV reproduces in T cells and then destroys them • Upon destroying T cells, virus particles increase in number in the blood and infect more lymphocytes • It is this de ...
IMMUNITY TO VIRUSES Immunity to Viruses Basic Aspects of viral
IMMUNITY TO VIRUSES Immunity to Viruses Basic Aspects of viral

... Influenza pandemic in 1918/19 KILLED tens of millions of people 2003 new form of coronavirus caused severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) ...
Instrumentation and Process Control
Instrumentation and Process Control

... the time when viruses infect cells. However, some viruses can use an alternative pathway, called the lysogenic cycle, in which the viral DNA becomes integrated into the host cell chromosome and no progeny virus particles are produced at that time . The viral nucleic acid continues to function in the ...
Communicable Diseases
Communicable Diseases

... How white blood cells work Virus enters body system- indirect or direct contact  Macrophage- Bite virus and send antigen to Tcells  Helper T cells – act as messenger calling B cells  B Cells – create antibody to help kill pathogens and remove pathogens (interlocking parts) Virus can no longer i ...
Common Characteristics and Distinct Features of Human
Common Characteristics and Distinct Features of Human

... infection and disease. Latency and recurrent infection: Upon primary infection, herpesviruses invariably establish a lifelong latent state of infection in a specific type of target cell. Latent viral genomes persist as closed circular episomal DNA in the nucleus as long as lytic gene expression is r ...
VBAC vs. repeat C
VBAC vs. repeat C

... • sexually transmitted disease affecting 80% of Americans • Often will show no symptoms • The virus is responsible for cervical cancer in women • Cervical cancer is the third most common cause of cancer overall and the leading cause of cancer related deaths in women ...
viral pathogensis
viral pathogensis

... of the virus and may have: –mutation in the viral genome. – deletion in the viral genome. –incorrect enzymes. (Therefore the virus can’t continue its replication cycle). 3-interaction of Interferons: Interferons are cytokines produced by some cells (infected cells)that Protect other cells from infec ...
Virus
Virus

... • Cell-to-cell and long distance systemic spread • Used to engineer resistance to various begomoviruses ...
Viruses Archaebacteria
Viruses Archaebacteria

... • Fungi include single-celled creatures that exist individually—the yeasts—and multicellular bunches, such as molds or mushrooms. • Many fungi form long filament-like, or thread-like, strands of cells called hyphae (high-fee). These hyphae are what give mold colonies their fuzzy appearance. • Fungi ...
24 Hour Fluorescent Virus Titration Assay (96
24 Hour Fluorescent Virus Titration Assay (96

... Mix by pipetting up and down 8-10 times, then transfer 20l diluted virus from Row B to Row C. CHANGE TIPS! Continue down the plate until row H is mixed. Change tips after dropping each 20l virus, then with the new tips, mix & transfer for each new dilution. When Row H is complete, Change tips agai ...
Immunology Stack
Immunology Stack

... HSV 1 is above the waist, HSV 2 is below. These are loose rules though as cross infection is known. ...
HIV Coloring
HIV Coloring

... reverse transcriptase converts the viral RNA to viral DNA. The viral RNA is colored as above, and the viral DNA (h) should be colored red. Step 3 - Viral DNA, a complementary DNA then double stranded DNA is transported into the nucleus1 (continue to color all instances of viral DNA red) through the ...
Dave - Jin Lab
Dave - Jin Lab

... •First, need to show that PCR techniques can detect virus through GFP gene amplification •Tested wild type virus using GFP primers •Tested dilutions against GFP plasmid to determine saturation point and ‘ballpark’ relative virus amount ...
Lecture Packet 2B
Lecture Packet 2B

... 12. Compare and contrast the chromosomes of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, be able to explain the function of plasmids and the processes of binary fission, conjugation, transformation and transduction. 13. Explain the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes. 14. Draw to identify flagel ...
UNIT 8: MICROBIOLOGY STUDY Guide with Test Objectives
UNIT 8: MICROBIOLOGY STUDY Guide with Test Objectives

... Bacterial disease- treatable with antibiotics; some preventable with vaccines  vaccines stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies  antibiotics can block the growth and development of bacteria 1. Streptococcus infections (Strep throat)- releases toxins into blood which can cause scarlet fev ...
Replication of Viruses
Replication of Viruses

... virus particle becomes infectious; nucleic acids and capsids are assembled together. ...
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Oncolytic virus

An oncolytic virus is a virus that preferentially infects and kills cancer cells. As the infected cancer cells are destroyed by lysis, they release new infectious virus particles to help destroy the remaining tumour. Oncolytic viruses are thought not only to cause direct destruction of the tumour cells, but also to stimulate host anti-tumour immune responses.The potential of viruses as anti-cancer agents was first realised in the early twentieth century, although coordinated research efforts did not begin until the 1960s. A number of viruses including adenovirus, reovirus, measles, herpes simplex, Newcastle disease virus and vaccinia have now been clinically tested as oncolytic agents. Most current oncolytic viruses are engineered for tumour selectivity, although there are naturally occurring examples such as reovirus and the SVV-001 Seneca Valley virus, resulting in clinical trials.As of 2011, only limited human trials had been performed.Nevertheless, the drug talimogene laherparepvec (OncoVex, T-VEC) recently (Jan 2012) reported the first positive interim Phase III clinical trial results for an oncolytic virus, making it likely that it will also be the first one approved for use (for the treatment of advanced melanoma). However, skeptics have questioned the clinical relevance of this interim data citing that the awaited overall survival data will be the final judgement and that it is likely that patient benefit will be maximised in combination with other therapies, which this trial did not test. 2015 update: In a combined decision, members of the FDA’s Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee (ODAC) and Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapies Advisory Committee (CTGTAC) voted 22-1 to recommend approval of the oncolytic immunotherapy talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) as a treatment for patients with advanced melanoma. A final approval decision from the FDA is scheduled by October 27, 2015. Approved in Latvia oncolytic virus RIGVIR was registered in Georgia in February 2015. Melanoma Research published new data on RIGVIR efficacy, showing that early stage melanoma patients treated with oncolytic virus RIGVIR had 4.39–6.57-fold lower mortality than those, who according to melanoma treatment guidelines did not receive virotherapy and were only observed.
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