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HOW HIV INFECTS CELLS
HOW HIV INFECTS CELLS

... HIV replicating cell. There are typically 1 million T-cells per milliliter of blood. HIV slowly reduces the number of T-cells until the infected person develops the disease AIDS. Step 1 - HIV enters the host by attaching to specific host receptors. It is as if the virus has a specific key that only ...
Virus and Bacteria Unit Study Guide
Virus and Bacteria Unit Study Guide

... Compare the size of viruses, prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Outline the process of both the lytic and lysogenic cycle, understanding how the two are connected. Identify examples of viruses that go through the lytic/lysogenic cycles. Compare and contrast prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cell ...
Teacher
Teacher

... The early transcript (primary transcript) results in the mRNAs for early proteins. The mRNAs are translated in the cytoplasm. (2) DNA replication DNA replication uses host cell DNA polymerase, which recognizes the viral origin of replication. This process of DNA replication is very similar to that w ...
learning outcomes - McGraw Hill Higher Education
learning outcomes - McGraw Hill Higher Education

... list organisms that are hosts to viruses state the size range of virions identify the parts of a virion and describe their function distinguish enveloped from noneveloped viruses describe the types of capsid symmetry describe the five steps common to the life cycles of all viruses discuss the roles ...
NOTES: CH 19
NOTES: CH 19

... ● Tobacco mosaic disease stunts growth of tobacco plants and gives their leaves a mosaic coloration ● In the late 1800s, researchers hypothesized that a particle smaller than bacteria caused the disease ● In 1935, Wendell Stanley confirmed this hypothesis by crystallizing the infectious particle, no ...
Negative Sense RNA Viruses
Negative Sense RNA Viruses

... • Multiple ribosomal initiation sites • Stop codon read-through ...
6-virus1
6-virus1

... 2- Giant cell pneumonia: rare in immunocompromised children due to direct invasion of measles virus to the lung tissue. • Lab diagnosis: Serology by detection of IgM Ab (it’s a mark for acute infection) using ELISA , and in case of SSPE detection of measles antibodies in CSF or detection of viral NA ...
Fv1, the mouse retrovirus resistance gene
Fv1, the mouse retrovirus resistance gene

... possibility of Fvl action late in the viral replication cycle. Immunofluorescence studies showed greatly reduced levels of viral protein in infected cells, implying that restriction must act at, or before, translation of novel viral products ( 1 9 ) . Nucleic hybridisation experiments showed reduced ...
HOW HIV INFECTS CELLS
HOW HIV INFECTS CELLS

... There are typically 1 million T-cells per milliliter of blood. HIV slowly reduces the number of T-cells until the infected person develops the disease AIDS. Step 1 - HIV enters the host by attaching to specific host receptors. It is as if the virus has a specific key that only works on the host cell ...
ppt presentation
ppt presentation

... – Translation of viral proteins (polymerase, capsid, ….) – new virions spontaneously through „polymeration“ of capsid proteins on NA ...
Viruses and Bacteria
Viruses and Bacteria

... Why Do We Need To Know? • There are at least ten times more viruses than there are all other species on earth • Viruses are some of the most simple “living” things on the earth – They test our definitions of what is alive and not alive ...
Lets`s Get Small
Lets`s Get Small

... Lets’s Get Small ...
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (AIDS) Acquired
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (AIDS) Acquired

... • KS is observed mostly in homosexuals and its relative incidence is declining. It is now associated with a human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8). • Malignant lymphomas are also frequently seen in AIDS patients. ...
Student Worksheets
Student Worksheets

... a. A filter can be used to separate viruses from bacteria because of their different sizes. b. Bacteria are always smaller than viruses. c. Only bacteria infect plants. d. DNA can be used to identify the differences between viruses and bacteria. 2. What did Beijerinck conclude from his study of virus ...
CANCER Section 8.3 Summary – pages 211
CANCER Section 8.3 Summary – pages 211

... 2. a. What is the process shown below? b. What is the end result of this process? c. What is significant about the blue and pink ...
Name: Period ______ HOW HIV INFECTS CELLS In general
Name: Period ______ HOW HIV INFECTS CELLS In general

... In general, viruses have very small genomes which means they can encode a very limited number of their own proteins. For this reason, most viruses must use the proteins provided by their host in order to reproduce (make more viruses). In a way, viruses are parasitic, they bring very little with them ...
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... • viruses from various families which are transmitted via arthropods from one vertebrates to another. • Diseases caused by arboviruses – Encephalitis – febrile diseases – hemorrhagic fevers ...
Virology
Virology

... Positive-sense RNA genomes Purified (+)sense vRNA is directly infectious when applied to susceptible host cells in the absence of any virus proteins There is an untranslated region (UTR) at the 5' end of the genome which does not encode any proteins & a shorter UTR at the 3' end. These regions are ...
Bacteria and Viruses - Science Class: Mrs. Boulougouras
Bacteria and Viruses - Science Class: Mrs. Boulougouras

... – A weakened or killed virus or viral proteins that stimulates the immune system to produce immunity to the disease – Most vaccines provide protection only if used before an infection begins ...
Virus
Virus

... 2) Viral nucleic acid attaches to host cell nucleic acid, creating a prophage 3) Host cell enzyme copies viral nucleic acid 4) Cell divides, and virus nucleic acid is in daughter cells 5) At any moment when the virus is "triggered", the viral nucleic acid detaches from the host cell's DNA and enters ...
Diversity of Life Study Guide
Diversity of Life Study Guide

... List each of the 5 main groups of protist & give an example from each. Describe the level of organization seen within humans. Name the six different organ systems of humans that were covered in class. For each: outline the purpose of that system and name the essential organs. ...
File - Biology with Radjewski
File - Biology with Radjewski

... 1. ________________ attaches its tail fibers to specific receptor molecules on the cell ____________ of a bacteria cell. The _______________ into the host cell 2. The ends of the viral DNA attach to each other, forming a ___________. It is ________________ from the host cell’s DNA 3. The viral DNA t ...
Microorganisms: Viruses
Microorganisms: Viruses

... 2. Viruses invade and reproduce inside living, or host cells and then destroy the host cells in which they replicate. ...
Virology
Virology

... a rod-like secondary structure which possess no capsid or envelope which are associated with certain plant diseases. Their replication strategy like that of viruses - they are obligate intracellular parasites.  朊病毒(prion),亦称蛋白侵染子。 Prions are rather ill-defined infectious agents believed to consist ...
life science - Bismarck Public Schools
life science - Bismarck Public Schools

... ...
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Oncolytic virus

An oncolytic virus is a virus that preferentially infects and kills cancer cells. As the infected cancer cells are destroyed by lysis, they release new infectious virus particles to help destroy the remaining tumour. Oncolytic viruses are thought not only to cause direct destruction of the tumour cells, but also to stimulate host anti-tumour immune responses.The potential of viruses as anti-cancer agents was first realised in the early twentieth century, although coordinated research efforts did not begin until the 1960s. A number of viruses including adenovirus, reovirus, measles, herpes simplex, Newcastle disease virus and vaccinia have now been clinically tested as oncolytic agents. Most current oncolytic viruses are engineered for tumour selectivity, although there are naturally occurring examples such as reovirus and the SVV-001 Seneca Valley virus, resulting in clinical trials.As of 2011, only limited human trials had been performed.Nevertheless, the drug talimogene laherparepvec (OncoVex, T-VEC) recently (Jan 2012) reported the first positive interim Phase III clinical trial results for an oncolytic virus, making it likely that it will also be the first one approved for use (for the treatment of advanced melanoma). However, skeptics have questioned the clinical relevance of this interim data citing that the awaited overall survival data will be the final judgement and that it is likely that patient benefit will be maximised in combination with other therapies, which this trial did not test. 2015 update: In a combined decision, members of the FDA’s Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee (ODAC) and Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapies Advisory Committee (CTGTAC) voted 22-1 to recommend approval of the oncolytic immunotherapy talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) as a treatment for patients with advanced melanoma. A final approval decision from the FDA is scheduled by October 27, 2015. Approved in Latvia oncolytic virus RIGVIR was registered in Georgia in February 2015. Melanoma Research published new data on RIGVIR efficacy, showing that early stage melanoma patients treated with oncolytic virus RIGVIR had 4.39–6.57-fold lower mortality than those, who according to melanoma treatment guidelines did not receive virotherapy and were only observed.
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