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Essential knowledge 3.C.3:
Essential knowledge 3.C.3:

... make viral proteins and nucleic acid which then selfassemble into new viruses. 3. One viral gene codes for an enzyme which digests the cell wall. 4. Without a cell wall, the bacterial cell lyses (hence, lytic cycle) as a result of the osmotic uptake of water. 5. The lysed cell then releases up to 20 ...
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antiviral alga

... was first reported in 1940 (antibacterial activity of Chorella vulgaris). The antimicrobial properties of seaweed reported in 1951. Antiviral effects of polysaccarides from marine alga reported to inhibit mumps, and influenza B virus. 1969 extracts from red algae inhibited HSV and other viruses. The ...
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... Microbial presence in sites inaccessible to the immune response  Many viruses persist in the infected host and are shed to the exterior via the saliva (HSV, CMV), milk (CMV) or urine (polyomavirus in mice) and are therefore only exposed on the lumen of the salivary gland, mammary gland or kidney tu ...
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... • If a virus attack whole organisms they enter intact once inside their genetic material is released. They then use the organisms ATP for energy and ribosomes to make new proteins which are assembled with genetic material to make new virus particles called virons ...
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...  Critical to understanding HIV  Copies info on RNA  DNA  No ______________  many mistakes  Mistakes  ______________  changes in proteins  Host makes antibodies to coat proteins  Coat proteins change before host can make enough antibodies  Rapid ______________– even faster than bacteria! T ...
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... herpes virus) • Called latent viruses or proviruses – When animal viruses remain dormant in host cells » May be prolonged for years with no viral activity ...
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... defective viruses replicate progeny virions when they simultaneously infect host cell with defective viruses. e.g., AAV & adenovirus ...
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Oncolytic virus

An oncolytic virus is a virus that preferentially infects and kills cancer cells. As the infected cancer cells are destroyed by lysis, they release new infectious virus particles to help destroy the remaining tumour. Oncolytic viruses are thought not only to cause direct destruction of the tumour cells, but also to stimulate host anti-tumour immune responses.The potential of viruses as anti-cancer agents was first realised in the early twentieth century, although coordinated research efforts did not begin until the 1960s. A number of viruses including adenovirus, reovirus, measles, herpes simplex, Newcastle disease virus and vaccinia have now been clinically tested as oncolytic agents. Most current oncolytic viruses are engineered for tumour selectivity, although there are naturally occurring examples such as reovirus and the SVV-001 Seneca Valley virus, resulting in clinical trials.As of 2011, only limited human trials had been performed.Nevertheless, the drug talimogene laherparepvec (OncoVex, T-VEC) recently (Jan 2012) reported the first positive interim Phase III clinical trial results for an oncolytic virus, making it likely that it will also be the first one approved for use (for the treatment of advanced melanoma). However, skeptics have questioned the clinical relevance of this interim data citing that the awaited overall survival data will be the final judgement and that it is likely that patient benefit will be maximised in combination with other therapies, which this trial did not test. 2015 update: In a combined decision, members of the FDA’s Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee (ODAC) and Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapies Advisory Committee (CTGTAC) voted 22-1 to recommend approval of the oncolytic immunotherapy talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) as a treatment for patients with advanced melanoma. A final approval decision from the FDA is scheduled by October 27, 2015. Approved in Latvia oncolytic virus RIGVIR was registered in Georgia in February 2015. Melanoma Research published new data on RIGVIR efficacy, showing that early stage melanoma patients treated with oncolytic virus RIGVIR had 4.39–6.57-fold lower mortality than those, who according to melanoma treatment guidelines did not receive virotherapy and were only observed.
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