slide show - Psycholosphere
... By imagined or implied presence, Allport meant that the effects of social influence are felt even when there are no others are around. ...
... By imagined or implied presence, Allport meant that the effects of social influence are felt even when there are no others are around. ...
Self-knowledge: Its limits, value, and potential for improvement. Annual
... How well do people know themselves? What are the major impediments to selfknowledge? Is it always to people’s advantage to try to analyze themselves? Although these are fundamental questions about the nature of the human mind and its ability to know itself, self-knowledge has not been a mainstream t ...
... How well do people know themselves? What are the major impediments to selfknowledge? Is it always to people’s advantage to try to analyze themselves? Although these are fundamental questions about the nature of the human mind and its ability to know itself, self-knowledge has not been a mainstream t ...
Physically strong men are more militant: A test across four countries
... many generations, e.g., the Jains, the Amish, the Lapps. These exceptions are exceedingly rare, however, and tend to exist as subpopulations protected by larger nation-states. The bulk of the evidence indicates that human societies have engaged in group aggression throughout recorded history and bef ...
... many generations, e.g., the Jains, the Amish, the Lapps. These exceptions are exceedingly rare, however, and tend to exist as subpopulations protected by larger nation-states. The bulk of the evidence indicates that human societies have engaged in group aggression throughout recorded history and bef ...
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
... only got 25 cents to try this product, so it couldn’t have been the money that attracted me. I must really like this product after all.” The trick is to induce the behavior that goes against the attitude while leaving people feeling personally responsible for the dissonant act. That way they are mor ...
... only got 25 cents to try this product, so it couldn’t have been the money that attracted me. I must really like this product after all.” The trick is to induce the behavior that goes against the attitude while leaving people feeling personally responsible for the dissonant act. That way they are mor ...
Does the explanation account for a substantial quantity of behavior?
... • Less concerned with explaining why someone does something as with changing the environment to ENCOURAGE a person to change his/her own behavior • Always look for the simplest explanation first! ...
... • Less concerned with explaining why someone does something as with changing the environment to ENCOURAGE a person to change his/her own behavior • Always look for the simplest explanation first! ...
Dissonance and self-perception: An integrative view of each theory`s
... 1976). Such “overjustification effects” are easily interpretable from a self-perception analysis, but are outside the realm of dissonance theory. Most relevant to our concerns is the fact that Kiesler, Nisbett, and Zanna (1969) demonstrated attitude change in the direction of more favorability to th ...
... 1976). Such “overjustification effects” are easily interpretable from a self-perception analysis, but are outside the realm of dissonance theory. Most relevant to our concerns is the fact that Kiesler, Nisbett, and Zanna (1969) demonstrated attitude change in the direction of more favorability to th ...
File - Ms. Lockhart
... FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR When judging the actions of OTHERS, what type of attributions do we make? Dispositional Attribution Positive Actions Negative Actions Give some examples: ...
... FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR When judging the actions of OTHERS, what type of attributions do we make? Dispositional Attribution Positive Actions Negative Actions Give some examples: ...
Aronson, The Social Animal, 10e
... plays an important role in our social interactions, and is also subject to bias. • Remembering is a re-constructive process. – We recreate our memories from bits and pieces of actual events filtered through and modified by our notions of what might have been, and what should have been, and what we w ...
... plays an important role in our social interactions, and is also subject to bias. • Remembering is a re-constructive process. – We recreate our memories from bits and pieces of actual events filtered through and modified by our notions of what might have been, and what should have been, and what we w ...
PDF
... activation punished neither more nor less than those with less DLPFC activation. The work of Greene et al. (2004) suggests that this brain region is involved in normative evaluations involving conflicting moral goals. They presented participants with moral scenarios similar to the famous trolley dil ...
... activation punished neither more nor less than those with less DLPFC activation. The work of Greene et al. (2004) suggests that this brain region is involved in normative evaluations involving conflicting moral goals. They presented participants with moral scenarios similar to the famous trolley dil ...
Dissonance Slides
... If a person held two cognitions that were psychologically inconsistent, he or she would experience dissonance and would attempt to reduce dissonance much as one would attempt to reduce hunger, thirst, or any drive. The existence of dissonance, being psychologically uncomfortable, will motivate the p ...
... If a person held two cognitions that were psychologically inconsistent, he or she would experience dissonance and would attempt to reduce dissonance much as one would attempt to reduce hunger, thirst, or any drive. The existence of dissonance, being psychologically uncomfortable, will motivate the p ...
A. The Fundamental Attribution Error:
... e. LaPiere’s Study: 1. It used to be assumed that if you knew someone's attitude, then you could predict their behavior. In other words, if I knew that Ginger hated video games, then I could predict that she would not buy an XBox (but who would with a PS3 out there). 2. However, researcher LaPiere ...
... e. LaPiere’s Study: 1. It used to be assumed that if you knew someone's attitude, then you could predict their behavior. In other words, if I knew that Ginger hated video games, then I could predict that she would not buy an XBox (but who would with a PS3 out there). 2. However, researcher LaPiere ...
FunderFINAL2002 - Sydney Symposium of Social Psychology
... such as sociability, honesty, talkativeness, reliability, and so on. Their behavior relevant to these traits is consistent enough that it is worthwhile to characterize them in such terms, especially if you are intending to give them a gift, invite them to a dinner party, or rent them a room. The sec ...
... such as sociability, honesty, talkativeness, reliability, and so on. Their behavior relevant to these traits is consistent enough that it is worthwhile to characterize them in such terms, especially if you are intending to give them a gift, invite them to a dinner party, or rent them a room. The sec ...
Attitudes
... Perceived Behavioral Control • One’s perception of how easy/difficult to perform behavior – e.g., stopping smoking ...
... Perceived Behavioral Control • One’s perception of how easy/difficult to perform behavior – e.g., stopping smoking ...
SELF-KNOWLEDGE: Its Limits, Value, and Potential for Improvement
... cited reason why people lack self-knowledge, namely motivational factors that lead to repression or suppression. Second, we review nonmotivational systemic reasons why people do not have full access to their mental processes, focusing on research that has found dissociations between implicit and exp ...
... cited reason why people lack self-knowledge, namely motivational factors that lead to repression or suppression. Second, we review nonmotivational systemic reasons why people do not have full access to their mental processes, focusing on research that has found dissociations between implicit and exp ...
The Origins of Cognitive Dissonance
... nonhuman primates, like human adults, would shift their attitudes to fall in line with their decisions. We hoped to develop a method that not only could be used with both children and monkeys, but also would provide an especially simple and direct test of cognitive-dissonance reduction—a test in whi ...
... nonhuman primates, like human adults, would shift their attitudes to fall in line with their decisions. We hoped to develop a method that not only could be used with both children and monkeys, but also would provide an especially simple and direct test of cognitive-dissonance reduction—a test in whi ...
The Origins of Cognitive Dissonance
... nonhuman primates, like human adults, would shift their attitudes to fall in line with their decisions. We hoped to develop a method that not only could be used with both children and monkeys, but also would provide an especially simple and direct test of cognitive-dissonance reduction—a test in whi ...
... nonhuman primates, like human adults, would shift their attitudes to fall in line with their decisions. We hoped to develop a method that not only could be used with both children and monkeys, but also would provide an especially simple and direct test of cognitive-dissonance reduction—a test in whi ...
The Origins of Cognitive Dissonance
... nonhuman primates, like human adults, would shift their attitudes to fall in line with their decisions. We hoped to develop a method that not only could be used with both children and monkeys, but also would provide an especially simple and direct test of cognitive-dissonance reduction—a test in whi ...
... nonhuman primates, like human adults, would shift their attitudes to fall in line with their decisions. We hoped to develop a method that not only could be used with both children and monkeys, but also would provide an especially simple and direct test of cognitive-dissonance reduction—a test in whi ...
Basic Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences
... – Many factors affecting real-life situations makes it impossible to control and distinguish all possible variables (difficult to interpret) – Observer can never be sure their presence did not influence interactions they observed ...
... – Many factors affecting real-life situations makes it impossible to control and distinguish all possible variables (difficult to interpret) – Observer can never be sure their presence did not influence interactions they observed ...
Evidence For Terror Management Theory: I. The
... tive and negative attitudes toward prostitution (upper and lower thirds) were used in the primary analysis. Procedure. With the exception of the following changes, the procedure was identical to that of Experiment 1. First, rather than giving subjects the materials to return to the experimenter at t ...
... tive and negative attitudes toward prostitution (upper and lower thirds) were used in the primary analysis. Procedure. With the exception of the following changes, the procedure was identical to that of Experiment 1. First, rather than giving subjects the materials to return to the experimenter at t ...
as a PDF
... (e.g., "Unexpected distractions kept me from studying" and "I was unlucky"), they should maintain high levels of motivation to succeed at similar tasks in the future. The opposite pattern of attributions (e.g., attributing one's successes to luck or one's failures to poor ability) will not facilitat ...
... (e.g., "Unexpected distractions kept me from studying" and "I was unlucky"), they should maintain high levels of motivation to succeed at similar tasks in the future. The opposite pattern of attributions (e.g., attributing one's successes to luck or one's failures to poor ability) will not facilitat ...
Slide 1
... Multiple raters Rather than measure individual’s phenotypes directly, we often rely on observer ratings Example Parent & teacher ratings of children Problem How do you handle bias which is a tendency of a rater to over or underestimate scores consistently Response Bias - stereotyping, different nor ...
... Multiple raters Rather than measure individual’s phenotypes directly, we often rely on observer ratings Example Parent & teacher ratings of children Problem How do you handle bias which is a tendency of a rater to over or underestimate scores consistently Response Bias - stereotyping, different nor ...
Lecture 22
... The Chameleon Effect Promoting “pro-social” behavior Mimicry occurs unintentionally and even among strangers. In three studies, we consistently found that mimicry increases pro-social behavior. Participants who were mimicked were more helpful and generous toward other people than were non-mimicked ...
... The Chameleon Effect Promoting “pro-social” behavior Mimicry occurs unintentionally and even among strangers. In three studies, we consistently found that mimicry increases pro-social behavior. Participants who were mimicked were more helpful and generous toward other people than were non-mimicked ...
Psych 2 Principles of Psychology Christopher Gade Office: 5315
... information learned about someone influences us more that later information ...
... information learned about someone influences us more that later information ...
BEHAVIOUR
... being acted on by uncountable number of stimuli through his specialized sense organs. ...
... being acted on by uncountable number of stimuli through his specialized sense organs. ...
Introspection illusion
The introspection illusion is a cognitive bias in which people wrongly think they have direct insight into the origins of their mental states, while treating others' introspections as unreliable. In certain situations, this illusion leads people to make confident but false explanations of their own behavior (called ""causal theories"") or inaccurate predictions of their future mental states.The illusion has been examined in psychological experiments, and suggested as a basis for biases in how people compare themselves to others. These experiments have been interpreted as suggesting that, rather than offering direct access to the processes underlying mental states, introspection is a process of construction and inference, much as people indirectly infer others' mental states from their behavior.When people mistake unreliable introspection for genuine self-knowledge, the result can be an illusion of superiority over other people, for example when each person thinks they are less biased and less conformist than the rest of the group. Even when experimental subjects are provided with reports of other subjects' introspections, in as detailed a form as possible, they still rate those other introspections as unreliable while treating their own as reliable. Although the hypothesis of an introspection illusion informs some psychological research, the existing evidence is arguably inadequate to decide how reliable introspection is in normal circumstances. Correction for the bias may be possible through education about the bias and its unconscious nature.