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PSYC320 - Fa13 Syllabus - Lewis
... Self-handicapping is putting obstacles in the way of one’s own performance, so that anticipated or possible failure can be blamed on the obstacle instead of on lack of ability (p. 75) Self-knowledge (self-concept) is the set of beliefs about oneself” (p. 59) Self-perception theory is the theory that ...
... Self-handicapping is putting obstacles in the way of one’s own performance, so that anticipated or possible failure can be blamed on the obstacle instead of on lack of ability (p. 75) Self-knowledge (self-concept) is the set of beliefs about oneself” (p. 59) Self-perception theory is the theory that ...
Epistemological Bias in the Physical and Social Sciences
... civilization, a phenomenon that has yet to be fully studied and analyzed. We face different questions and challenges from those in the Western experience and require the development of schools of different thought and methodologies. Throughout the last two centuries the standard thesis has been that ...
... civilization, a phenomenon that has yet to be fully studied and analyzed. We face different questions and challenges from those in the Western experience and require the development of schools of different thought and methodologies. Throughout the last two centuries the standard thesis has been that ...
Chapter One
... 3 to 5 people will elicit more conformity than just 1 or 2 Groups greater in size than 5 yields diminishing returns Unanimity Observing another’s dissent can increase our own independence ...
... 3 to 5 people will elicit more conformity than just 1 or 2 Groups greater in size than 5 yields diminishing returns Unanimity Observing another’s dissent can increase our own independence ...
... de Finetti-would nol generally think of a discrepancy between confidence and relative frequency as a "bias", albeit for different reasons. For a subjectivist, probability is about single events, but rationality is identified with the internal consistency of subjective probabilities. As de Finelli em ...
Human relationships google doc summary
... Research Method: Observation Participants: 60 individuals: 20 were men and women who had fallen in love in the previous six months, 20 others suffered from untreated obsessive-compulsive disorder, and the other 20 were normal, healthy individuals who were not in love (controlled group). Result: Mara ...
... Research Method: Observation Participants: 60 individuals: 20 were men and women who had fallen in love in the previous six months, 20 others suffered from untreated obsessive-compulsive disorder, and the other 20 were normal, healthy individuals who were not in love (controlled group). Result: Mara ...
Consistency
... • Theory of Reasoned Actions shows that sometimes attitudes fail in predicting / influencing behavior. • Social norms can trump attitude (i.e., exert a more important influence on behavior). • The relative influence of attitudes and social norms is influenced by situational and personality factors a ...
... • Theory of Reasoned Actions shows that sometimes attitudes fail in predicting / influencing behavior. • Social norms can trump attitude (i.e., exert a more important influence on behavior). • The relative influence of attitudes and social norms is influenced by situational and personality factors a ...
Sociocultural Level of Analysis: Social and Cultural Norms
... – Asch hypothesized that the majority of people would not conform to something obviously wrong. – When surrounded by individuals all voicing an incorrect answer, participants provided incorrect responses on a high proportion of the questions, 32% agreed with incorrect responses in half or more of th ...
... – Asch hypothesized that the majority of people would not conform to something obviously wrong. – When surrounded by individuals all voicing an incorrect answer, participants provided incorrect responses on a high proportion of the questions, 32% agreed with incorrect responses in half or more of th ...
chapter 16
... 21. Describe the following methods of compliance: a. foot-in-the-door b. door-in-the-face c. low-ball technique 22. What is one of the main benefits of knowing these strategies for gaining compliance? 23. Describe the process of assertiveness training, including the term “self-assertion.” 24. Descri ...
... 21. Describe the following methods of compliance: a. foot-in-the-door b. door-in-the-face c. low-ball technique 22. What is one of the main benefits of knowing these strategies for gaining compliance? 23. Describe the process of assertiveness training, including the term “self-assertion.” 24. Descri ...
The Power of the Situation
... Social Identity Theory – our self-esteem is influenced by our membership in groups Categorization – we simplify & organize our world by categorizing people into groups ◦ Rely on stereotypes when pressed for time, preoccupied, tired, emotionally aroused, and lacking experience ◦ Ingroup/Outgroup Bias ...
... Social Identity Theory – our self-esteem is influenced by our membership in groups Categorization – we simplify & organize our world by categorizing people into groups ◦ Rely on stereotypes when pressed for time, preoccupied, tired, emotionally aroused, and lacking experience ◦ Ingroup/Outgroup Bias ...
Probability - University of Central Missouri
... • A two-way interaction that changes depending on the level of a third factor. • Example: For inpatients, the effect of the drug is greater for people getting cognitive than behavior therapy. For outpatients, the effect of the drug is greater for people ...
... • A two-way interaction that changes depending on the level of a third factor. • Example: For inpatients, the effect of the drug is greater for people getting cognitive than behavior therapy. For outpatients, the effect of the drug is greater for people ...
Advanced Placement Psychology
... What is “normal”? What does it feel like to be labeled? Why is it natural to have anxiety and phobias? How much is too much? Why do you think someone would want to be ill? Provide a reason why someone would ingest a drug or toxin to induce physical symptoms? In what ways does clinical depression dif ...
... What is “normal”? What does it feel like to be labeled? Why is it natural to have anxiety and phobias? How much is too much? Why do you think someone would want to be ill? Provide a reason why someone would ingest a drug or toxin to induce physical symptoms? In what ways does clinical depression dif ...
On the Ethics of Psychological Research
... keep your promises” does not contain such an internal inconsistency, Kant concluded that it must be a universal moral principle. Thus a lie, however benevolent, is intrinsically immoral. In fact, Kant asserted that if asked, one must truthfully tell a potential murderer the whereabouts of the prospe ...
... keep your promises” does not contain such an internal inconsistency, Kant concluded that it must be a universal moral principle. Thus a lie, however benevolent, is intrinsically immoral. In fact, Kant asserted that if asked, one must truthfully tell a potential murderer the whereabouts of the prospe ...
Teaching Virtue Ethics: The Implications of “Situationism”
... the influence of external features of a situation, including the actions of other people, can influence behavior has seemed to some to suggest the traditional doctrine of weakness of will. Sabini and Silver (2005) say that situationist research shows something important about character and morally s ...
... the influence of external features of a situation, including the actions of other people, can influence behavior has seemed to some to suggest the traditional doctrine of weakness of will. Sabini and Silver (2005) say that situationist research shows something important about character and morally s ...
DOC - UCLA Division of Social Sciences
... costs of false-positive and false-negative errors associated with that decision were recurrently asymmetrical over evolutionary time. Detecting dangerous agents, such as snakes, fits all three criteria. This decision problem was present over evolutionary time and associated with fitness consequences ...
... costs of false-positive and false-negative errors associated with that decision were recurrently asymmetrical over evolutionary time. Detecting dangerous agents, such as snakes, fits all three criteria. This decision problem was present over evolutionary time and associated with fitness consequences ...
Operant Conditioning Powerpoint
... Cognitive Map • A mental representation of the layout of one’s environment ...
... Cognitive Map • A mental representation of the layout of one’s environment ...
Buried Prejudice
... categorize, to form cliques and to absorb social messages and cues. To make sense of the world around us, we put things into groups and remember relations between objects and actions or adjectives: for instance, people automatically note that cars move fast, cookies taste sweet and mosquitoes bite. ...
... categorize, to form cliques and to absorb social messages and cues. To make sense of the world around us, we put things into groups and remember relations between objects and actions or adjectives: for instance, people automatically note that cars move fast, cookies taste sweet and mosquitoes bite. ...
Social Perception Slides
... class got A’s on this paper, and the other half got B’s. This is the 1st time that Sue has received an A on a paper; in her other courses she has obtained B’s on her papers. On the last paper for this class, Sue ...
... class got A’s on this paper, and the other half got B’s. This is the 1st time that Sue has received an A on a paper; in her other courses she has obtained B’s on her papers. On the last paper for this class, Sue ...
“I read Playboy for the articles”: Justifying and rationalizing
... chose to watch the movie alone when the two movies were different, but chose to sit with the disabled person when both movies were the same. Using the same paradigm, Bernstein, Stephenson, Snyder, and Wicklund (1983) replaced the disabled person with an attractive female, showing that nearly all men ...
... chose to watch the movie alone when the two movies were different, but chose to sit with the disabled person when both movies were the same. Using the same paradigm, Bernstein, Stephenson, Snyder, and Wicklund (1983) replaced the disabled person with an attractive female, showing that nearly all men ...
Living Psychology by Karen Huffman
... Study: Participants given very boring tasks to complete, and then paid either $1 or $20 to tell next participant the task was “very enjoyable” and “fun.” ...
... Study: Participants given very boring tasks to complete, and then paid either $1 or $20 to tell next participant the task was “very enjoyable” and “fun.” ...
Awareness of implicit bias what motivates behavior change?
... In order to explain why individuals experience guilt after receiving information that challenges their beliefs about themselves, Leon Festinger (1957) offered the theory of cognitive dissonance. Festinger (1962) proposed that when individuals come to know various things that are not psychologically ...
... In order to explain why individuals experience guilt after receiving information that challenges their beliefs about themselves, Leon Festinger (1957) offered the theory of cognitive dissonance. Festinger (1962) proposed that when individuals come to know various things that are not psychologically ...
03:17, 30 March 2007
... success of interventions which induced students to develop positive feelings about healthy eating behaviors. When these feelings were juxtaposed with the subjects’ unhealthy behavior patterns, they often resolved the conflict by changing their behavior. Researchers have also found success in using a ...
... success of interventions which induced students to develop positive feelings about healthy eating behaviors. When these feelings were juxtaposed with the subjects’ unhealthy behavior patterns, they often resolved the conflict by changing their behavior. Researchers have also found success in using a ...
Chap 6 PPT
... A small act of evil to foster the attitude that leads to a larger evil act (foot in the door technique?) ...
... A small act of evil to foster the attitude that leads to a larger evil act (foot in the door technique?) ...
Module 24: Operant Conditioning, Summary Notes
... cognitive maps that represent a maze that they just ran through. Latent Learning: the demonstration of knowledge only when there is some incentive to do so. I.e.. Mice who explored a maze would only demonstrate that they knew the maze well when there was food to be found. Overjustification Effect: t ...
... cognitive maps that represent a maze that they just ran through. Latent Learning: the demonstration of knowledge only when there is some incentive to do so. I.e.. Mice who explored a maze would only demonstrate that they knew the maze well when there was food to be found. Overjustification Effect: t ...
Abstract x Papi - Figli per sempre
... [email protected] This study of 2,722 adolescents aged 14-18 years explored whether parental involvement can protect against adolescent suicide attempts. Compared to their counterparts suicide attempters were more likely to have been in trouble with the police, to report lower levels of ...
... [email protected] This study of 2,722 adolescents aged 14-18 years explored whether parental involvement can protect against adolescent suicide attempts. Compared to their counterparts suicide attempters were more likely to have been in trouble with the police, to report lower levels of ...
Introspection illusion
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Iceberg_2_1997_08_07.jpg?width=300)
The introspection illusion is a cognitive bias in which people wrongly think they have direct insight into the origins of their mental states, while treating others' introspections as unreliable. In certain situations, this illusion leads people to make confident but false explanations of their own behavior (called ""causal theories"") or inaccurate predictions of their future mental states.The illusion has been examined in psychological experiments, and suggested as a basis for biases in how people compare themselves to others. These experiments have been interpreted as suggesting that, rather than offering direct access to the processes underlying mental states, introspection is a process of construction and inference, much as people indirectly infer others' mental states from their behavior.When people mistake unreliable introspection for genuine self-knowledge, the result can be an illusion of superiority over other people, for example when each person thinks they are less biased and less conformist than the rest of the group. Even when experimental subjects are provided with reports of other subjects' introspections, in as detailed a form as possible, they still rate those other introspections as unreliable while treating their own as reliable. Although the hypothesis of an introspection illusion informs some psychological research, the existing evidence is arguably inadequate to decide how reliable introspection is in normal circumstances. Correction for the bias may be possible through education about the bias and its unconscious nature.