A Novel Recombinant Plasma Membrane
... The schematic structure of the novel ATP probe (heretofore referred to as pmeLUC) is shown in Figure 1A. This chimeric protein, thanks to the folate receptor leader sequence, is targeted to the plasma membrane and detects ATP in the extracellular milieu close to the cell surface (Figure 1B). Immunof ...
... The schematic structure of the novel ATP probe (heretofore referred to as pmeLUC) is shown in Figure 1A. This chimeric protein, thanks to the folate receptor leader sequence, is targeted to the plasma membrane and detects ATP in the extracellular milieu close to the cell surface (Figure 1B). Immunof ...
University of Groningen The Plasma Membrane of
... membrane for PC or PE, respectively, or to deplete the membrane of PS (4, 5). Several membrane-associated processes are affected by changes in the lipid composition; e.g., the apparent affinity constants for transport of various amino acids are increased in cells enriched with either PC or PE (198, ...
... membrane for PC or PE, respectively, or to deplete the membrane of PS (4, 5). Several membrane-associated processes are affected by changes in the lipid composition; e.g., the apparent affinity constants for transport of various amino acids are increased in cells enriched with either PC or PE (198, ...
A New Subunit of Cytochrome b6f Complex Undergoes Reversible
... greatly diminished in whole cell protein extracts and in purified thylakoid membrane proteins from cytb6f-deficient mutants that do not accumulate significant levels of any of the cytb6f complex subunits (see ⌬petB or ⌬petD mutants, Fig. 3, A and B, which lack, respectively, cytb6 and suIV). In cont ...
... greatly diminished in whole cell protein extracts and in purified thylakoid membrane proteins from cytb6f-deficient mutants that do not accumulate significant levels of any of the cytb6f complex subunits (see ⌬petB or ⌬petD mutants, Fig. 3, A and B, which lack, respectively, cytb6 and suIV). In cont ...
to get the file - Chair of Computational Biology
... means that the stability and three-dimensional structure of MPs are ultimately determined by lipid-protein physical chemistry. 2. α-Helical MPs are identified during translation on the ribosome by the signal recognition particle that initiates docking of the ribosome to the membrane-embedded multi-p ...
... means that the stability and three-dimensional structure of MPs are ultimately determined by lipid-protein physical chemistry. 2. α-Helical MPs are identified during translation on the ribosome by the signal recognition particle that initiates docking of the ribosome to the membrane-embedded multi-p ...
pdf file - John Innes Centre
... leads to AmtB-GlnK association and consequent inactivation of AmtB (13, 14). Definitive evidence for in vivo complex formation between GlnK and AmtB was obtained by purification of the intact complex from the membrane fraction of E. coli cells that had been subjected to a prior ammonium shock (15). ...
... leads to AmtB-GlnK association and consequent inactivation of AmtB (13, 14). Definitive evidence for in vivo complex formation between GlnK and AmtB was obtained by purification of the intact complex from the membrane fraction of E. coli cells that had been subjected to a prior ammonium shock (15). ...
Method of Analysis for Feed Enzymes: Methodological Problems?
... that catalyze the biochemical reactions involved in celllife. Enzymes are proteins of high molecular weight (between 10,000and 500,000 daltons), precipitated by alcohol, acetone, and ammonium sulphate. Like all proteins, they are sensitive to the physicochemical environment, variations in which may ...
... that catalyze the biochemical reactions involved in celllife. Enzymes are proteins of high molecular weight (between 10,000and 500,000 daltons), precipitated by alcohol, acetone, and ammonium sulphate. Like all proteins, they are sensitive to the physicochemical environment, variations in which may ...
the scf ubiquitin ligase: insights into a molecular machine
... (LRR)), the domain is an arc-shaped α–β-repeat structure that is also found in many protein-binding contexts, including the extracellular-binding domain of certain surface receptors11,12. In most cases, FBLs also seem to involve substrate phosphorylation for their interaction, but this does not seem ...
... (LRR)), the domain is an arc-shaped α–β-repeat structure that is also found in many protein-binding contexts, including the extracellular-binding domain of certain surface receptors11,12. In most cases, FBLs also seem to involve substrate phosphorylation for their interaction, but this does not seem ...
Allosteric regulation and catalysis emerge via a common
... termed an effector, at a site away from the active site, also referred to as the allosteric site. Those effectors that increase a particular protein function, for example, ligand affinity or catalytic rate, are named allosteric activators; those that decrease the function are known as allosteric inh ...
... termed an effector, at a site away from the active site, also referred to as the allosteric site. Those effectors that increase a particular protein function, for example, ligand affinity or catalytic rate, are named allosteric activators; those that decrease the function are known as allosteric inh ...
Force generation by kinesin and myosin cytoskeletal motor proteins
... include structural analysis by X-ray crystallography and highresolution cryoelecton microscopy, coupled to functional studies by mutant analysis, together with kinetic assays and cell biological studies. In kinesins and myosins, several conserved structural motifs in the nucleotide-binding pocket pl ...
... include structural analysis by X-ray crystallography and highresolution cryoelecton microscopy, coupled to functional studies by mutant analysis, together with kinetic assays and cell biological studies. In kinesins and myosins, several conserved structural motifs in the nucleotide-binding pocket pl ...
The nonenzymatic subunit of pseutarin C, a
... complex” with the nonenzymatic cofactor factor Va (FVa), calcium ions, and phospholipid membranes.1 Phospholipids stimulate prothrombin activation by lowering the Km for prothrombin2-4 and provide a surface on which FXa, FVa, and prothrombin bind in the presence of Ca2⫹, leading to a productive enzy ...
... complex” with the nonenzymatic cofactor factor Va (FVa), calcium ions, and phospholipid membranes.1 Phospholipids stimulate prothrombin activation by lowering the Km for prothrombin2-4 and provide a surface on which FXa, FVa, and prothrombin bind in the presence of Ca2⫹, leading to a productive enzy ...
Poster
... BoNT lethality is due to the toxin’s ability to cleave and disable a SNARE protein. This SNARE protein is responsible for synaptic vesicle fusion, and in processes such as muscle contraction, fusion allows essential neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine (ACh) to be released. Since ACh release is i ...
... BoNT lethality is due to the toxin’s ability to cleave and disable a SNARE protein. This SNARE protein is responsible for synaptic vesicle fusion, and in processes such as muscle contraction, fusion allows essential neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine (ACh) to be released. Since ACh release is i ...
Physiological and pathophysiological roles of extracellular ATP in
... immune activation may affect carotid body function. First, local and/or circulating mediators of inflammation may induce transcriptional changes in the glomus cells or directly stimulate peripheral terminals of the carotid sinus nerve. A precedent already exists for cytokines (e.g. IL-1β) that are a ...
... immune activation may affect carotid body function. First, local and/or circulating mediators of inflammation may induce transcriptional changes in the glomus cells or directly stimulate peripheral terminals of the carotid sinus nerve. A precedent already exists for cytokines (e.g. IL-1β) that are a ...
Hsp70 and Hsp90 of E. coli Directly Interact for Collaboration in
... Hsp90Ec, W467R [5], or DnaK, V436F [35,36], was substituted for wild-type in the ATPase assay with L2 (Fig. 2c and d). These results show that both chaperones must have functional client binding sites to collaborate in synergistic ATP hydrolysis. In contrast to ternary complex formation, we saw no d ...
... Hsp90Ec, W467R [5], or DnaK, V436F [35,36], was substituted for wild-type in the ATPase assay with L2 (Fig. 2c and d). These results show that both chaperones must have functional client binding sites to collaborate in synergistic ATP hydrolysis. In contrast to ternary complex formation, we saw no d ...
Inhibition of Protein Kinases by Balanol: Specificity within the Serine
... Fig. 2B). The Ki values for 140-decarboxybalanol and 100deoxybalanol on PKA are 11 and 3.9 nM (Koide et al., 1995). Thus, eliminating the seven-membered ring from balanol backbone has a modest effect on balanol’s affinity toward the ATP binding site on PKA, whereas omission of the carboxy or hydroxy ...
... Fig. 2B). The Ki values for 140-decarboxybalanol and 100deoxybalanol on PKA are 11 and 3.9 nM (Koide et al., 1995). Thus, eliminating the seven-membered ring from balanol backbone has a modest effect on balanol’s affinity toward the ATP binding site on PKA, whereas omission of the carboxy or hydroxy ...
BIOCHEMICAL ADAPTATION
... (macromolecules, fuels, substrates, cofactors), and the same basic metabolic pathways, membrane structure, and transcription and translation machinery. Yet metabolism is called upon to adjust to innumerable stresses, major and minor, on timescales that range from instantaneous to evolutionary. That ...
... (macromolecules, fuels, substrates, cofactors), and the same basic metabolic pathways, membrane structure, and transcription and translation machinery. Yet metabolism is called upon to adjust to innumerable stresses, major and minor, on timescales that range from instantaneous to evolutionary. That ...
Co-translational Targeting and Translocation of the Amino Terminus
... work we examined the specific requirements for this process by removing components from the translation mix before the addition of ER membranes. As before, we generated RBOps by in vitro translation of mRNA that had been truncated at specific positions within the coding region without a stop codon. ...
... work we examined the specific requirements for this process by removing components from the translation mix before the addition of ER membranes. As before, we generated RBOps by in vitro translation of mRNA that had been truncated at specific positions within the coding region without a stop codon. ...
Lecture 7 Notes CH.7
... structure of the plasma membrane • 7.1 Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins Descriptive term regarding the • 7.2 Membrane structure results in selective permeability ...
... structure of the plasma membrane • 7.1 Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins Descriptive term regarding the • 7.2 Membrane structure results in selective permeability ...
Replacement of threonine residues by serine and alanine in a
... threonine as a target site. We conclude that the site specificity of phosphorylation is either determined by the sequence context or by restrictions due to the conformation of the region into which the phosphorylatable residues are embedded. By systematically mutating putative phosphorylation sites ...
... threonine as a target site. We conclude that the site specificity of phosphorylation is either determined by the sequence context or by restrictions due to the conformation of the region into which the phosphorylatable residues are embedded. By systematically mutating putative phosphorylation sites ...
Transport and Storage of Metal Ions in Biology
... ability of metalloproteins to acquire their metal cofactor by acting as competitive chelators. In the case of Cu, speci®c soluble transport proteins, called copper chaperones, have evolved to facilitate the safe transfer of Cu from the plasma membrane to various copper-containing proteins (see Secti ...
... ability of metalloproteins to acquire their metal cofactor by acting as competitive chelators. In the case of Cu, speci®c soluble transport proteins, called copper chaperones, have evolved to facilitate the safe transfer of Cu from the plasma membrane to various copper-containing proteins (see Secti ...
Turnover of protein phosphorylation evolving under
... with its SH2 domain, which closes the kinase into an inactive conformation (Frame, 2002). Because single phosphorylation sites in specific cases play key roles in protein regulation, mutations at these sites may have complex organismal phenotypes. For instance, mutation of Ser47 on the Drosophila cir ...
... with its SH2 domain, which closes the kinase into an inactive conformation (Frame, 2002). Because single phosphorylation sites in specific cases play key roles in protein regulation, mutations at these sites may have complex organismal phenotypes. For instance, mutation of Ser47 on the Drosophila cir ...
Biology
... Electron Transport The electron transport chain uses the highenergy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP. The products from Krebs still contain lots of energy- the NADH and FADH2 ...
... Electron Transport The electron transport chain uses the highenergy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP. The products from Krebs still contain lots of energy- the NADH and FADH2 ...
PDF File
... Tetrahymena group I RNA enzyme described herein directly demonstrate the catalytic contributions of binding interactions. With wild-type ribozyme, specific functional groups at a distance from the site of chemical transformation facilitate substrate binding without accelerating reaction of bound sub ...
... Tetrahymena group I RNA enzyme described herein directly demonstrate the catalytic contributions of binding interactions. With wild-type ribozyme, specific functional groups at a distance from the site of chemical transformation facilitate substrate binding without accelerating reaction of bound sub ...
Physical properties of lipid bilayer membranes: relevance to
... that the major barrier for oxygen permeability across the membrane is located in and near the headgroup region. The extended membranous systems may, in principle, serve as pathways for intracellular oxygen transport, parallel to the membrane surface. Oxygen transport across the cytosol seems to be l ...
... that the major barrier for oxygen permeability across the membrane is located in and near the headgroup region. The extended membranous systems may, in principle, serve as pathways for intracellular oxygen transport, parallel to the membrane surface. Oxygen transport across the cytosol seems to be l ...
The ATP synthase is involved in generating mitochondrial cristae
... and DTIM11 mutant cells grew using lactate as carbon source either at 28 or 37°C, thus indicating that they were able to generate ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. However, they had generation times longer than that of the wild-type strain. Indeed, 40% of DATP20 and DTIM11 mutant cells spontaneousl ...
... and DTIM11 mutant cells grew using lactate as carbon source either at 28 or 37°C, thus indicating that they were able to generate ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. However, they had generation times longer than that of the wild-type strain. Indeed, 40% of DATP20 and DTIM11 mutant cells spontaneousl ...
Phospholipase C-γ1 is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for
... detected (Liu and Robinson, 1995; Urrutia et al., 1997). Dynamin-1 is exclusively expressed in neuronal cells (Nakata et al., 1991). But dynamin-2 is ubiquitously expressed (Cook et al., 1994) and dynamin-3 is primary expressed in Sertoli cells of the testis (Nakata et al., 1993). Dynamin’s role in ...
... detected (Liu and Robinson, 1995; Urrutia et al., 1997). Dynamin-1 is exclusively expressed in neuronal cells (Nakata et al., 1991). But dynamin-2 is ubiquitously expressed (Cook et al., 1994) and dynamin-3 is primary expressed in Sertoli cells of the testis (Nakata et al., 1993). Dynamin’s role in ...
P-type ATPase
The P-type ATPases, also known as E1-E2 ATPases, are a large group of evolutionarily related ion and lipid pumps that are found in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. They are α-helical bundle primary transporters referred to as P-type ATPases because they catalyze auto- (or self-) phosphorylation of a key conserved aspartate residue within the pump. In addition, they all appear to interconvert between at least two different conformations, denoted by E1 and E2.Most members of this transporter family are specific for the pumping of a large array of cations, however one subfamily is involved in flipping phospholipids to maintain the asymmetric nature of the biomembrane.Prominent examples of P-type ATPases are the sodium-potassium pump (Na+,K+-ATPase), the plasma membrane proton pump (H+-ATPase), the proton-potassium pump (H+,K+-ATPase), and the calcium pump (Ca2+-ATPase).