Role of lipids in the translocation of proteins across membranes
... also give rise to the protonation of negatively charged side chains, facilitating their insertion into the membrane [34]. Furthermore, the size of the headgroup is of importance, i.e. bulky headgroups leave less space for proteins to insert. Regulation of acyl chain composition is important to keep ...
... also give rise to the protonation of negatively charged side chains, facilitating their insertion into the membrane [34]. Furthermore, the size of the headgroup is of importance, i.e. bulky headgroups leave less space for proteins to insert. Regulation of acyl chain composition is important to keep ...
Na +
... › Na± H+ exchangers is also secondary active transport mechanism. › Cl-are reabsorbed by way of an electrical potential and [ Cl- ] gradient, also by secondary active transport.(contransport of Cl- with Na+ across luminal membrane. Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc. ...
... › Na± H+ exchangers is also secondary active transport mechanism. › Cl-are reabsorbed by way of an electrical potential and [ Cl- ] gradient, also by secondary active transport.(contransport of Cl- with Na+ across luminal membrane. Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc. ...
Endomembrane proton pumps: connecting membrane and vesicle
... metabolite homeostasis by energizing secondary active www.sciencedirect.com ...
... metabolite homeostasis by energizing secondary active www.sciencedirect.com ...
Signals and Structural Features Involved in Integral Membrane
... into pSVK3 that had been digested with EcoRI and KpnI. This construct was called pSV-HA. The sequence encoding CHL from amino acid 24 to amino acid 131 was inserted into pSV-HA using a PCR product from nucleotide +185 to nucleotide +508 of CHL eDNA (Mellow et al., 1988). The PCR product was generate ...
... into pSVK3 that had been digested with EcoRI and KpnI. This construct was called pSV-HA. The sequence encoding CHL from amino acid 24 to amino acid 131 was inserted into pSV-HA using a PCR product from nucleotide +185 to nucleotide +508 of CHL eDNA (Mellow et al., 1988). The PCR product was generate ...
Bacterial Death Results from Mutations Made in the Translocation Peptide... tRNA Synthetase
... support the movement of tRNA between the aminoacylation and editing active sites, which are separated by about 30 Å (Palencia et al., 2012). It has been previously reported that the 3’ acceptor stem of the tRNA must be translocated between the two active sites during LeuRS’s reaction cycle (Lincecu ...
... support the movement of tRNA between the aminoacylation and editing active sites, which are separated by about 30 Å (Palencia et al., 2012). It has been previously reported that the 3’ acceptor stem of the tRNA must be translocated between the two active sites during LeuRS’s reaction cycle (Lincecu ...
Diversity of Amyloid Motifs in NLR Signaling in Fungi
... transduction was first identified in the NWD2/HET-S system and further generalized to other NLR and effector protein pairs [8–11] as will be described herein (Figure 1B). Description of this mode of amyloid signaling stems from the study of a fungal non-self recognition phenomenon known as heterokar ...
... transduction was first identified in the NWD2/HET-S system and further generalized to other NLR and effector protein pairs [8–11] as will be described herein (Figure 1B). Description of this mode of amyloid signaling stems from the study of a fungal non-self recognition phenomenon known as heterokar ...
Protein transport across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane
... Saccharomyces cerevisiae and E. coli and have only moderate translocation defects [32–34]. However, the crystal structures of these mutants show that new plugs are formed from neighboring polypeptide segments [34]. The new plugs still seal the closed channel, but they have lost many interactions tha ...
... Saccharomyces cerevisiae and E. coli and have only moderate translocation defects [32–34]. However, the crystal structures of these mutants show that new plugs are formed from neighboring polypeptide segments [34]. The new plugs still seal the closed channel, but they have lost many interactions tha ...
A new look at sodium channel b subunits
... potentials, and voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels play an essential role in this process (figure 1). The vertebrate Nav channel a subunit is a single polypeptide chain (molecular mass approx. 260 kDa) that contains the ion-selective component. There are 10 mammalian a subunit genes encoding the pr ...
... potentials, and voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels play an essential role in this process (figure 1). The vertebrate Nav channel a subunit is a single polypeptide chain (molecular mass approx. 260 kDa) that contains the ion-selective component. There are 10 mammalian a subunit genes encoding the pr ...
Structural and Functional Comparisons of Retroviral Envelope
... having some effect. In particular, the cytoplasmic tail of TM is essential for the transformation of multiple cell lines [22,23]. This cytoplasmic tail contains a YXXM peptide motif that is a putative binding site for the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K [31]. However, while the tyrosine residue of th ...
... having some effect. In particular, the cytoplasmic tail of TM is essential for the transformation of multiple cell lines [22,23]. This cytoplasmic tail contains a YXXM peptide motif that is a putative binding site for the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K [31]. However, while the tyrosine residue of th ...
A New Subfamily of Major Intrinsic Proteins in
... FIG. 4.—Part of the interior structure of GlpF, showing the asparagines 68 and 203 in the NPA boxes and some of the discussed amino acid residues as ball-and-stick models (Fu et al. 2000). Oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon atoms are depicted in dark, intermediate, and light gray, respectively (in the on- ...
... FIG. 4.—Part of the interior structure of GlpF, showing the asparagines 68 and 203 in the NPA boxes and some of the discussed amino acid residues as ball-and-stick models (Fu et al. 2000). Oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon atoms are depicted in dark, intermediate, and light gray, respectively (in the on- ...
ref. #28 of the TIBS article
... We have shown that the N-terminal TMH from the H-subunit of the photosynthetic reaction center can be used as a reference helix against which the membrane position of other TMHs can be determined (Nilsson et al., 1998). In order to extend our set of reference TMHs and, in particular, in order to det ...
... We have shown that the N-terminal TMH from the H-subunit of the photosynthetic reaction center can be used as a reference helix against which the membrane position of other TMHs can be determined (Nilsson et al., 1998). In order to extend our set of reference TMHs and, in particular, in order to det ...
Muscle
... actin and myosin, z proteins (in the z disk) • Many structural proteins; alpha actinin, myomesin, C protein, titin, nebulin • Cytoskeletal proteins; desmin, vimentin, filamin ...
... actin and myosin, z proteins (in the z disk) • Many structural proteins; alpha actinin, myomesin, C protein, titin, nebulin • Cytoskeletal proteins; desmin, vimentin, filamin ...
Phosphoproteomics reveals extensive in vivo phosphorylation of
... Analysis of phosphopeptides by nano-LC-MS/MS and MS/MS/MS IMAC eluates were separated on a nano-reversed phase highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Ultimate, Switchos, Famos, LC Packings, Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Samples were applied to a trapping column (PepMap C18, 300 mm · 5 mm) usin ...
... Analysis of phosphopeptides by nano-LC-MS/MS and MS/MS/MS IMAC eluates were separated on a nano-reversed phase highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Ultimate, Switchos, Famos, LC Packings, Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Samples were applied to a trapping column (PepMap C18, 300 mm · 5 mm) usin ...
Supplementary Online Materials
... has been described for other transmembrane proteins[1,2]. Three physico-chemical parameters related with the helical folding (i.e. aliphaticity, hydropathicity and instability indexes) were calculated using the ProParam tool (http://web.expasy.org/ protparam/). These bioinformatics analyses predict ...
... has been described for other transmembrane proteins[1,2]. Three physico-chemical parameters related with the helical folding (i.e. aliphaticity, hydropathicity and instability indexes) were calculated using the ProParam tool (http://web.expasy.org/ protparam/). These bioinformatics analyses predict ...
Structural Mechanisms for Regulation of Membrane
... Rab GTPases has expanded considerably. This review highlights structural insights regarding the mechanisms for membrane targeting, regulation of the GTPase cycle, interaction with effectors and specificity determination. ...
... Rab GTPases has expanded considerably. This review highlights structural insights regarding the mechanisms for membrane targeting, regulation of the GTPase cycle, interaction with effectors and specificity determination. ...
Activation of Lymphocyte Signaling by the R1 Protein of Rhesus
... transcription factors. The sequences containing these phosphorylated tyrosine residues are referred to as SH2 binding motifs and serve to recruit cellular proteins containing SH2 domains into lymphocyte receptor-mediated signaling complexes. SH2 binding motifs consist of a tyrosine residue followed ...
... transcription factors. The sequences containing these phosphorylated tyrosine residues are referred to as SH2 binding motifs and serve to recruit cellular proteins containing SH2 domains into lymphocyte receptor-mediated signaling complexes. SH2 binding motifs consist of a tyrosine residue followed ...
The early evolution of lipid membranes and the three domains of life
... Although modern cell membranes are bilayers of glycerol phospholipids, the first cell membranes probably self-assembled from simple, single-chain amphiphilic molecules, such as monocarboxylic acids or alcohols73. In contrast with monolayered micelles, vesicles expose hydrophilic groups to both the e ...
... Although modern cell membranes are bilayers of glycerol phospholipids, the first cell membranes probably self-assembled from simple, single-chain amphiphilic molecules, such as monocarboxylic acids or alcohols73. In contrast with monolayered micelles, vesicles expose hydrophilic groups to both the e ...
Enzymes: “Helper” Protein molecules
... Each enzyme is the specific helper to a specific reaction each enzyme needs to be the right shape for the job enzymes are named for the reaction they help ...
... Each enzyme is the specific helper to a specific reaction each enzyme needs to be the right shape for the job enzymes are named for the reaction they help ...
File
... 7. Effect of pH on Enzymes Enzymes work best within a range of pH depending on the type of enzyme. The pH that the enzymes works best at is called it’s Optimum pH If the pH is too high, the enzymes active site changes shape (denatured) What is the optimum pH of this enzyme ? ...
... 7. Effect of pH on Enzymes Enzymes work best within a range of pH depending on the type of enzyme. The pH that the enzymes works best at is called it’s Optimum pH If the pH is too high, the enzymes active site changes shape (denatured) What is the optimum pH of this enzyme ? ...
슬라이드 1
... • The General Characteristics of Enzymes. Enzymes are highly efficient protein catalysts which are involved iii almost every biological reaction. They are often quite specific in terms of the substance acted upon and the type of reaction catalyzed. • Enzyme Nomenclature and Classification. Enzymes ...
... • The General Characteristics of Enzymes. Enzymes are highly efficient protein catalysts which are involved iii almost every biological reaction. They are often quite specific in terms of the substance acted upon and the type of reaction catalyzed. • Enzyme Nomenclature and Classification. Enzymes ...
108. Regulation of the L-arabinose Operon in Escherichia coli, in
... Schleif, 1998). This indicated that the AraC protein itself is rigid in the absence of arabinose and cannot adapt to the reoriented O2 half-site. In vivo, AraC was seen to shift from forming a DNA loop to binding to adjacent halfsites when arabinose was added (Martin et al., 1986). In vitro, the con ...
... Schleif, 1998). This indicated that the AraC protein itself is rigid in the absence of arabinose and cannot adapt to the reoriented O2 half-site. In vivo, AraC was seen to shift from forming a DNA loop to binding to adjacent halfsites when arabinose was added (Martin et al., 1986). In vitro, the con ...
Understanding Hyaluronan-Protein Interactions
... The recombinant domain used to solve the tertiary structure was found to be functionally active,1,4,5,8 indicating that in TSG-6 a single Link module is sufficient for high-affinity hyaluronan binding. This is not the case for CD44, which has a hyaluronan-binding domain of ~160 amino acids made up o ...
... The recombinant domain used to solve the tertiary structure was found to be functionally active,1,4,5,8 indicating that in TSG-6 a single Link module is sufficient for high-affinity hyaluronan binding. This is not the case for CD44, which has a hyaluronan-binding domain of ~160 amino acids made up o ...
1 PERKINELMER™ LIFE SCIENCES, INC. OLIGONUCLEOTIDE 5
... by adjusting the conditions of the hybridization and washes (high stringency), only probes with a perfect match can be made to hybridize. Several techniques have been developed which allow single base changes to be detected using these DNA or RNA probes6,7. Synthetic oligonucleotides are prepared wi ...
... by adjusting the conditions of the hybridization and washes (high stringency), only probes with a perfect match can be made to hybridize. Several techniques have been developed which allow single base changes to be detected using these DNA or RNA probes6,7. Synthetic oligonucleotides are prepared wi ...
Supporting Information Legends
... sinensis, Citrus clementina, Gossypium raimondii, Theobroma cacao, Carica papaya, Arabidopsis thaliana, Mimulus guttatus, Solanum lycopersicum, and Solanum tuberosum. All representatives containing the N-terminal trihelix are included. In some cases sequences lacking some or all of the C terminal tr ...
... sinensis, Citrus clementina, Gossypium raimondii, Theobroma cacao, Carica papaya, Arabidopsis thaliana, Mimulus guttatus, Solanum lycopersicum, and Solanum tuberosum. All representatives containing the N-terminal trihelix are included. In some cases sequences lacking some or all of the C terminal tr ...
Liprin-α Functions - University of Oregon (SPUR)
... Vesicle Tracking was Done to Determine Syd-1’s Role in Axon Transport ...
... Vesicle Tracking was Done to Determine Syd-1’s Role in Axon Transport ...
P-type ATPase
The P-type ATPases, also known as E1-E2 ATPases, are a large group of evolutionarily related ion and lipid pumps that are found in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. They are α-helical bundle primary transporters referred to as P-type ATPases because they catalyze auto- (or self-) phosphorylation of a key conserved aspartate residue within the pump. In addition, they all appear to interconvert between at least two different conformations, denoted by E1 and E2.Most members of this transporter family are specific for the pumping of a large array of cations, however one subfamily is involved in flipping phospholipids to maintain the asymmetric nature of the biomembrane.Prominent examples of P-type ATPases are the sodium-potassium pump (Na+,K+-ATPase), the plasma membrane proton pump (H+-ATPase), the proton-potassium pump (H+,K+-ATPase), and the calcium pump (Ca2+-ATPase).