Facilitated transport of small molecules and ions for energy
... specifically and reversibly bind small molecules (e.g. sugar, amino acid, and nucleotide) or ions (e.g. Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl, HCO3), and transport them to the other side of the cell membrane via conformational variation. The specificity of facilitated diffusion arises from the ingenious integrat ...
... specifically and reversibly bind small molecules (e.g. sugar, amino acid, and nucleotide) or ions (e.g. Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl, HCO3), and transport them to the other side of the cell membrane via conformational variation. The specificity of facilitated diffusion arises from the ingenious integrat ...
Analysis of Small Molecule Ligands Targeting the HIV
... Significance: These investigations provide new insights as to MA-ligand binding and antiviral design. SUMMARY The matrix (MA) domain of the HIV-1 PrGag protein directs PrGag proteins to assembly sites at the plasma membrane by virtue of its affinity to the phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisp ...
... Significance: These investigations provide new insights as to MA-ligand binding and antiviral design. SUMMARY The matrix (MA) domain of the HIV-1 PrGag protein directs PrGag proteins to assembly sites at the plasma membrane by virtue of its affinity to the phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisp ...
Diacylglycerol kinases - University of Toronto Mississauga
... Sakane et al. [25] found that the isolated DGKa catalytic domain had only 1/3 the activity of this fully active mutant. Thus, it appears that mammalian DGK catalytic domains, unlike bacterial DGK, require other motifs such as C1 domains for maximal activity. This suggests that these other motifs fun ...
... Sakane et al. [25] found that the isolated DGKa catalytic domain had only 1/3 the activity of this fully active mutant. Thus, it appears that mammalian DGK catalytic domains, unlike bacterial DGK, require other motifs such as C1 domains for maximal activity. This suggests that these other motifs fun ...
Calcium homeostasis
... • Calcium binding proteins can be intracellular and extracellular and they have many functions such as free calcium regulation, calcium transport and signalling (for example calmodulin). ...
... • Calcium binding proteins can be intracellular and extracellular and they have many functions such as free calcium regulation, calcium transport and signalling (for example calmodulin). ...
********* 1 - Botanik in Bonn
... molecular perspective." Frontiers in plant science, 2012 • Liu B. (ed.), The Plant Cytoskeleton, Ad. in Plant Biol. 2, 2011 • Volkmann, D., et al. "Unconventional myosins of the plant-specific class VIII: endocytosis, cytokinesis, plasmodesmata/pit-fields, and cell-to-cell ...
... molecular perspective." Frontiers in plant science, 2012 • Liu B. (ed.), The Plant Cytoskeleton, Ad. in Plant Biol. 2, 2011 • Volkmann, D., et al. "Unconventional myosins of the plant-specific class VIII: endocytosis, cytokinesis, plasmodesmata/pit-fields, and cell-to-cell ...
SLC_ABCs_2013 - Jianhai Du Lab @ West Virginia University
... membrane localization, hydrophobic nature, and relatively low abundance, although physiological data for a variety of transporters have been reported extensively. It has now been over two decades since the expression cloning approach for transporters was developed (Hediger et al., 1987; Romero et al ...
... membrane localization, hydrophobic nature, and relatively low abundance, although physiological data for a variety of transporters have been reported extensively. It has now been over two decades since the expression cloning approach for transporters was developed (Hediger et al., 1987; Romero et al ...
The Plasma Membrane of the Cyanobacterium
... The light reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis almost invariably take place in the thylakoid membranes, a highly specialized internal membrane system located in the stroma of chloroplasts and the cytoplasm of cyanobacteria. The only known exception is the primordial cyanobacterium Gloeobacter violac ...
... The light reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis almost invariably take place in the thylakoid membranes, a highly specialized internal membrane system located in the stroma of chloroplasts and the cytoplasm of cyanobacteria. The only known exception is the primordial cyanobacterium Gloeobacter violac ...
Molecular signatures-based prediction of enzyme
... a graph-based representation known as molecular signature (Faulon et al., 2008). On this method, similarity between two molecules is evaluated by comparison of their respective canonical subgraphs (Faulon et al., 2004). Here, we propose to use the signature representation to build a tool for predict ...
... a graph-based representation known as molecular signature (Faulon et al., 2008). On this method, similarity between two molecules is evaluated by comparison of their respective canonical subgraphs (Faulon et al., 2004). Here, we propose to use the signature representation to build a tool for predict ...
The Plasma Membrane of the Cyanobacterium
... The light reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis almost invariably take place in the thylakoid membranes, a highly specialized internal membrane system located in the stroma of chloroplasts and the cytoplasm of cyanobacteria. The only known exception is the primordial cyanobacterium Gloeobacter violac ...
... The light reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis almost invariably take place in the thylakoid membranes, a highly specialized internal membrane system located in the stroma of chloroplasts and the cytoplasm of cyanobacteria. The only known exception is the primordial cyanobacterium Gloeobacter violac ...
University of Groningen Cross-linking of dimeric CitS and GltS
... and includes the Ion Transporter (IT) superfamily ...
... and includes the Ion Transporter (IT) superfamily ...
Proteins that contain a functional Z-DNA
... to bind Z-DNA/Z-RNA (10). Recent in vitro studies have shown that binding of ADAR1p150 to a Z-RNA-forming motif enhances editing within adjacent A-form dsRNA sequences. The Za domain may thus be used to target ADAR1p150 to sequences with the potential to form Z-RNA for selective editing (11). Z-DNA ...
... to bind Z-DNA/Z-RNA (10). Recent in vitro studies have shown that binding of ADAR1p150 to a Z-RNA-forming motif enhances editing within adjacent A-form dsRNA sequences. The Za domain may thus be used to target ADAR1p150 to sequences with the potential to form Z-RNA for selective editing (11). Z-DNA ...
MUSCLE FATIGUE
... turn reduces Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from the SR). In vertebrate skeletal muscle, there have been a number of evolutionary changes, probably to enhance the speed and control of Ca 2+ release and hence contraction. Firstly, the influx of extracellular Ca 2+ is not necessary for triggering Ca2+ rele ...
... turn reduces Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from the SR). In vertebrate skeletal muscle, there have been a number of evolutionary changes, probably to enhance the speed and control of Ca 2+ release and hence contraction. Firstly, the influx of extracellular Ca 2+ is not necessary for triggering Ca2+ rele ...
Connection of the Mitochondrial Outer and Inner Membranes by
... 1996). Viral fusion proteins, such as hemagglutinin, are integral proteins of viral membranes. Upon activation, a hydrophobic fusion peptide inserts into the target membrane. An extensive rearrangement of the molecule leads to the formation of an antiparallel coiled coil structure, again with both m ...
... 1996). Viral fusion proteins, such as hemagglutinin, are integral proteins of viral membranes. Upon activation, a hydrophobic fusion peptide inserts into the target membrane. An extensive rearrangement of the molecule leads to the formation of an antiparallel coiled coil structure, again with both m ...
The Role of Two-Component Signal Transduction Systems in
... extrace/htlar. These versatile signaling systems have been implicated in regulating a wide range of stress responses, from nutrient starvation to cell envelope stress and protein misfolding to antibiotics and many more. Two-component signaling proteins are found in nearly all bacteria, with most spe ...
... extrace/htlar. These versatile signaling systems have been implicated in regulating a wide range of stress responses, from nutrient starvation to cell envelope stress and protein misfolding to antibiotics and many more. Two-component signaling proteins are found in nearly all bacteria, with most spe ...
Starting the protein synthesis machine: eukaryotic
... proteins (indicated above the schematic protein sequence). Most of these interaction sites have conserved amino acid and/or structural signatures (named below the eIF4G schematic: MA3, first identified in the mouse MA3 protein; MIF4G, middle portion of eIF4G; W2, named after two conserved tryptophan ...
... proteins (indicated above the schematic protein sequence). Most of these interaction sites have conserved amino acid and/or structural signatures (named below the eIF4G schematic: MA3, first identified in the mouse MA3 protein; MIF4G, middle portion of eIF4G; W2, named after two conserved tryptophan ...
non-RD - Crop Genetics Innovation
... of phosphorylation events trigger the formation of secondary IRAK1 signaling complexes that dissociate from the receptor complex and ultimately lead to activation of the transcription factor NFkB and mobilization of the innate immune response [11,12]. The RLK/Pelle family in plants underwent a dram ...
... of phosphorylation events trigger the formation of secondary IRAK1 signaling complexes that dissociate from the receptor complex and ultimately lead to activation of the transcription factor NFkB and mobilization of the innate immune response [11,12]. The RLK/Pelle family in plants underwent a dram ...
Mucolipin 1 channel activity is regulated by protein kinase A
... Phosphorylation is another modification that critically regulates protein activity. The activity of many TRP channels is regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events. A comprehensive overview of the regulation of TRP channels, including phosphorylation and interaction with auxiliary pro ...
... Phosphorylation is another modification that critically regulates protein activity. The activity of many TRP channels is regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events. A comprehensive overview of the regulation of TRP channels, including phosphorylation and interaction with auxiliary pro ...
Cadherins constitute a superfamily of transmembrane - HAL
... Junctional assembly is a complex process which requires various events such as the local concentration of cadherin molecules at the cell surface, the recruitment of both cytoskeleton binding proteins and regulating proteins and the reorganization of cytoskeleton network. All these processes are inti ...
... Junctional assembly is a complex process which requires various events such as the local concentration of cadherin molecules at the cell surface, the recruitment of both cytoskeleton binding proteins and regulating proteins and the reorganization of cytoskeleton network. All these processes are inti ...
The Importance of Cell Motility
... to actin there is no activation of ATP hydrolysis and no movement. This model also makes sense from the standpoint that relaxed muscle has little resistance to stretch as would be expected if the contractile proteins were uncoupled. We have found that the story is somewhat more complex than this alt ...
... to actin there is no activation of ATP hydrolysis and no movement. This model also makes sense from the standpoint that relaxed muscle has little resistance to stretch as would be expected if the contractile proteins were uncoupled. We have found that the story is somewhat more complex than this alt ...
Theoretical studies of Membrane Proteins
... Despite their importance it has not been possible to study their structure and organization in much detail because of the difficulty to obtain 3D structures. In this thesis theoretical studies of membrane protein sequences and structures have been carried out by analyzing existing experimental data. ...
... Despite their importance it has not been possible to study their structure and organization in much detail because of the difficulty to obtain 3D structures. In this thesis theoretical studies of membrane protein sequences and structures have been carried out by analyzing existing experimental data. ...
The Platform Protein Is Essential for Type IV Pilus
... The T4bP and T2S system motor subcomplexes typically have a single ATPase, and the proteins forming the alignment subcomplexes are different in sequence and number than those of T4aP (7, 16). The final and most dynamic subcomplex is the pilus/pseudopilus, composed of major and minor subunits (17, ...
... The T4bP and T2S system motor subcomplexes typically have a single ATPase, and the proteins forming the alignment subcomplexes are different in sequence and number than those of T4aP (7, 16). The final and most dynamic subcomplex is the pilus/pseudopilus, composed of major and minor subunits (17, ...
Model Description Sheet
... Format: Alpha carbon backbone RP: Zcorp with plaster Description: According to the CDC, 34.9% of United States adults are obese, which is linked to premature death, heart disease, cancer, respiratory disorders, fertility problems, Type 2 diabetes, and stroke. Over- and under-eating are related to br ...
... Format: Alpha carbon backbone RP: Zcorp with plaster Description: According to the CDC, 34.9% of United States adults are obese, which is linked to premature death, heart disease, cancer, respiratory disorders, fertility problems, Type 2 diabetes, and stroke. Over- and under-eating are related to br ...
Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Formation at ER Exit Sites
... and subsequent increases at 9 min. This activity is similar to the previously reported transient elevation in phosphorylated PtdIns observed upon incubation of Golgi membranes with activated ARF1 (Godi et al., 1999; not shown) and may reflect limiting PtdIns substrate levels that are dynamically reg ...
... and subsequent increases at 9 min. This activity is similar to the previously reported transient elevation in phosphorylated PtdIns observed upon incubation of Golgi membranes with activated ARF1 (Godi et al., 1999; not shown) and may reflect limiting PtdIns substrate levels that are dynamically reg ...
Plasma membrane repair in plants
... resealing in animal cells are the annexins [56,57]. These are widely expressed Ca2+- and phospholipid-binding proteins that are implicated in membrane trafficking, transmembrane channel activity, inhibition of phospholipase A2 and cell–matrix interactions [58,59]. The annexin domain responsible for ...
... resealing in animal cells are the annexins [56,57]. These are widely expressed Ca2+- and phospholipid-binding proteins that are implicated in membrane trafficking, transmembrane channel activity, inhibition of phospholipase A2 and cell–matrix interactions [58,59]. The annexin domain responsible for ...
P-type ATPase
The P-type ATPases, also known as E1-E2 ATPases, are a large group of evolutionarily related ion and lipid pumps that are found in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. They are α-helical bundle primary transporters referred to as P-type ATPases because they catalyze auto- (or self-) phosphorylation of a key conserved aspartate residue within the pump. In addition, they all appear to interconvert between at least two different conformations, denoted by E1 and E2.Most members of this transporter family are specific for the pumping of a large array of cations, however one subfamily is involved in flipping phospholipids to maintain the asymmetric nature of the biomembrane.Prominent examples of P-type ATPases are the sodium-potassium pump (Na+,K+-ATPase), the plasma membrane proton pump (H+-ATPase), the proton-potassium pump (H+,K+-ATPase), and the calcium pump (Ca2+-ATPase).