How useful are the genetic markers in attempts to understand and
... Ecosystem diversity (at least in the sea) and genetic diversity are less readily understood by decision makers and the public, but are not less important than species diversity. The continued survival of species and natural communities require the preservation of biodiversity at all of these levels. ...
... Ecosystem diversity (at least in the sea) and genetic diversity are less readily understood by decision makers and the public, but are not less important than species diversity. The continued survival of species and natural communities require the preservation of biodiversity at all of these levels. ...
Biodiversity 2036 | May 2016
... data, to help guide decision-making processes for both Local and State Governments. Ultimately, a visionary and long-standing biodiversity plan that is adequately funded and supported in order to achieve success could increase community and Government officer morale and assist growth in the conserva ...
... data, to help guide decision-making processes for both Local and State Governments. Ultimately, a visionary and long-standing biodiversity plan that is adequately funded and supported in order to achieve success could increase community and Government officer morale and assist growth in the conserva ...
Horse Ranching Increases Biodiversity in a Foothills Parkland
... was estimated as a percentage of the 1-m2 ground surface covered by living material of that species. the results were tallied so that species in the two sections could be compared with respect to both frequency and cover. No new species were recorded after 35 quadrats in either section suggesting th ...
... was estimated as a percentage of the 1-m2 ground surface covered by living material of that species. the results were tallied so that species in the two sections could be compared with respect to both frequency and cover. No new species were recorded after 35 quadrats in either section suggesting th ...
Reports
... species respond strongly to persistent, point-source cues of predator presence. Widely roaming, actively hunting predators may reduce prey density, but they exert highly variable predation risk cues and are thus unlikely to ...
... species respond strongly to persistent, point-source cues of predator presence. Widely roaming, actively hunting predators may reduce prey density, but they exert highly variable predation risk cues and are thus unlikely to ...
Evolution, Biodiversity, and Population Ecology
... Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
ppt
... • A logistic equation can describe the self-limiting growth of a biological population. • where r is the maximum growth rate of the population (N), and K is the carrying capacity of its local environmental setting, d stands for derivative, and t for time. ...
... • A logistic equation can describe the self-limiting growth of a biological population. • where r is the maximum growth rate of the population (N), and K is the carrying capacity of its local environmental setting, d stands for derivative, and t for time. ...
Ecological Consequences of Extinction
... ship can take many forms. Sometimes no relationship or an idiosyncratic (or unpredictable) relationship is observed. This relationship would be expected, for example, in communities featuring higher-order interactions (Lawton, 1994). However, the majority of studies have found a positive but saturat ...
... ship can take many forms. Sometimes no relationship or an idiosyncratic (or unpredictable) relationship is observed. This relationship would be expected, for example, in communities featuring higher-order interactions (Lawton, 1994). However, the majority of studies have found a positive but saturat ...
THE ROLE OF ABOVE-AND BELOWGROUND LINKAGES IN
... Biodiversity effects on soil processes explained by interspecific functional dissimilarity. Science 306: 1019-1020. [This study demonstrates the importance of decomposer functional diversity as opposed to number of decomposer species] 12. Hooper, D.U., Chapin III, F.S., Ewel, J.J., Hector, A., Incha ...
... Biodiversity effects on soil processes explained by interspecific functional dissimilarity. Science 306: 1019-1020. [This study demonstrates the importance of decomposer functional diversity as opposed to number of decomposer species] 12. Hooper, D.U., Chapin III, F.S., Ewel, J.J., Hector, A., Incha ...
Geography 1001: Climate & Vegetation
... Vegetation dynamics concepts • Regeneration/maintenance dynamics refers to: – a spatio-temporal change in structure – keeping the species composition constant (e.g. spruce fir regeneration within a spruce fir forest) ...
... Vegetation dynamics concepts • Regeneration/maintenance dynamics refers to: – a spatio-temporal change in structure – keeping the species composition constant (e.g. spruce fir regeneration within a spruce fir forest) ...
The Harm They Inflict When Values Conflict: Why Diversity Does not
... example of when promoting diversity requires intervening in nature. Invasive species occupy a territory that did not previously belong to them, and they become the new possessors of it. If the invasive species is a plant, this plant will be the new occupant of the natural territory, displacing the o ...
... example of when promoting diversity requires intervening in nature. Invasive species occupy a territory that did not previously belong to them, and they become the new possessors of it. If the invasive species is a plant, this plant will be the new occupant of the natural territory, displacing the o ...
Chapter 6: Biological Resources and Biodiversity of Dutchess
... Keeping in mind some general principles will aid in identifying priority areas and understanding why some areas are especially valuable for maintaining biodiversity. In this section we define some of these key concepts. Biodiversity (or “biological diversity”) refers to the variety of different kind ...
... Keeping in mind some general principles will aid in identifying priority areas and understanding why some areas are especially valuable for maintaining biodiversity. In this section we define some of these key concepts. Biodiversity (or “biological diversity”) refers to the variety of different kind ...
EBSA`s: Concepts and Metrics - Centre for Marine Biodiversity
... 3. Rare / endangered or isolated populations and communities of benthic species, including areas of high local species diversity of some taxon (Distinctive) 4. Specific habitats and associated communities of the wider marine environment (Representative) 5. Sustainable management of natural marine re ...
... 3. Rare / endangered or isolated populations and communities of benthic species, including areas of high local species diversity of some taxon (Distinctive) 4. Specific habitats and associated communities of the wider marine environment (Representative) 5. Sustainable management of natural marine re ...
Provided for non-commercial research and educational use only.
... mixing counteracts the emergence of patches. In a well-mixed environment, all organisms potentially interact with each other, much in contrast to terrestrial systems, where many species are either ‘sessile’ (plants) or have very limited range sizes (most small invertebrates except for flying insects ...
... mixing counteracts the emergence of patches. In a well-mixed environment, all organisms potentially interact with each other, much in contrast to terrestrial systems, where many species are either ‘sessile’ (plants) or have very limited range sizes (most small invertebrates except for flying insects ...
Pyrodiversity vs Biodiversity
... the availability of habitat resources such as tree hollows, logs and leaf litter. Now, animal species that prefer open habitats are finding it tough. Instead, species that shelter under logs or in leaf litter are becoming more abundant, potentially outcompeting other species for food and other resour ...
... the availability of habitat resources such as tree hollows, logs and leaf litter. Now, animal species that prefer open habitats are finding it tough. Instead, species that shelter under logs or in leaf litter are becoming more abundant, potentially outcompeting other species for food and other resour ...
Chapter 5: Ecology and evolution: Populations, communities, and
... catchall term meaning the sum total of all organisms in an area, taking into account the diversity of species, their genes, their populations, and their communities. A species is a particular type of organism, or more precisely, a population or group of populations whose members share certain charac ...
... catchall term meaning the sum total of all organisms in an area, taking into account the diversity of species, their genes, their populations, and their communities. A species is a particular type of organism, or more precisely, a population or group of populations whose members share certain charac ...
American Journal of Botany
... effects and about how many species are needed to maximize ecological functions. The last of our eight questions asks what spatial and temporal scales show the strongest diversity effects. Although by no means exhaustive, the eight questions and corresponding hypotheses we address have played a centr ...
... effects and about how many species are needed to maximize ecological functions. The last of our eight questions asks what spatial and temporal scales show the strongest diversity effects. Although by no means exhaustive, the eight questions and corresponding hypotheses we address have played a centr ...
American Journal of Botany
... effects and about how many species are needed to maximize ecological functions. The last of our eight questions asks what spatial and temporal scales show the strongest diversity effects. Although by no means exhaustive, the eight questions and corresponding hypotheses we address have played a centr ...
... effects and about how many species are needed to maximize ecological functions. The last of our eight questions asks what spatial and temporal scales show the strongest diversity effects. Although by no means exhaustive, the eight questions and corresponding hypotheses we address have played a centr ...
Genetic diversity in widespread species is not congruent with
... (Struebig et al. 2011) and stream fishes (Blum et al. 2012). The relationship between species richness and genetic diversity at the plot level probably comprise scale-dependent effects, which could result in inconsistent outcomes. Hence, the issue of a possible correlation between genetic diversity ...
... (Struebig et al. 2011) and stream fishes (Blum et al. 2012). The relationship between species richness and genetic diversity at the plot level probably comprise scale-dependent effects, which could result in inconsistent outcomes. Hence, the issue of a possible correlation between genetic diversity ...
Impacts of multiple stressors on biodiversity and ecosystem
... 1993). In northern freshwater ecosystems, three important stressors are anthropogenic acidification, drought events, and depletion of stratospheric ozone, which interact to increase acidity and exposure to DNAdamaging ultraviolet (UV) radiation by reducing concentrations of UV-attenuating dissolved ...
... 1993). In northern freshwater ecosystems, three important stressors are anthropogenic acidification, drought events, and depletion of stratospheric ozone, which interact to increase acidity and exposure to DNAdamaging ultraviolet (UV) radiation by reducing concentrations of UV-attenuating dissolved ...
Ecosystem Dynamics
... 120. Many different types of grasslands dominated the landscape. 121. Here in Iowa, a type of grassland called the Tallgrass prairie supported hundreds of different species of plants and animals. 122. Today, over 90% of the Tallgrass prairie has been replaced by agricul tural crops such as corn. 123 ...
... 120. Many different types of grasslands dominated the landscape. 121. Here in Iowa, a type of grassland called the Tallgrass prairie supported hundreds of different species of plants and animals. 122. Today, over 90% of the Tallgrass prairie has been replaced by agricul tural crops such as corn. 123 ...
Indirect effects of food web diversity and productivity
... 1995; Langenheder & Jurgens 2001). These results suggest different possible mechanisms underlying links between bacterial metabolic activity and consumer pressure. Much less is known about how the diversity of all trophic levels within a multitrophic food web can alter bacterial communities and deco ...
... 1995; Langenheder & Jurgens 2001). These results suggest different possible mechanisms underlying links between bacterial metabolic activity and consumer pressure. Much less is known about how the diversity of all trophic levels within a multitrophic food web can alter bacterial communities and deco ...
Indirect effects of food web diversity and productivity on bacterial
... 1995; Langenheder & Jurgens 2001). These results suggest different possible mechanisms underlying links between bacterial metabolic activity and consumer pressure. Much less is known about how the diversity of all trophic levels within a multitrophic food web can alter bacterial communities and deco ...
... 1995; Langenheder & Jurgens 2001). These results suggest different possible mechanisms underlying links between bacterial metabolic activity and consumer pressure. Much less is known about how the diversity of all trophic levels within a multitrophic food web can alter bacterial communities and deco ...
Quantifying Biodiversity: Experience with Parataxonomists and
... In this article, we describe a first step toward documenting this rich insect fauna: training local people in the basics of insect collecting, mounting, and sorting; in digital photography; and in simple, yet powerful, computer databases. The work of these trainees can yield high-quality insect mate ...
... In this article, we describe a first step toward documenting this rich insect fauna: training local people in the basics of insect collecting, mounting, and sorting; in digital photography; and in simple, yet powerful, computer databases. The work of these trainees can yield high-quality insect mate ...
Block II - Madhya Pradesh Bhoj Open University
... makeup," the IUCN interprets biodiversity to encompass all species of plants, animals, and microorganisms and the ecosystems (including ecosystem processes) to which they belong. Usually considered at three different levels--genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity--it is the co ...
... makeup," the IUCN interprets biodiversity to encompass all species of plants, animals, and microorganisms and the ecosystems (including ecosystem processes) to which they belong. Usually considered at three different levels--genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity--it is the co ...
A semantic taxonomy for diversity measures
... effects on ecosystem functioning. Testing the consequences of diversity on ecosystem processes will require measures to be available based on a rigorous conceptualization of their very meaning. In the last decades, literally dozens of measures of diversity have been proposed. However, rather than us ...
... effects on ecosystem functioning. Testing the consequences of diversity on ecosystem processes will require measures to be available based on a rigorous conceptualization of their very meaning. In the last decades, literally dozens of measures of diversity have been proposed. However, rather than us ...
Biodiversity
Global Biodiversity is the variety of different types of life found on Earth and the variations within species. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. This can refer to genetic variation, ecosystem variation, or species variation (number of species) within an area, biome, or planet. Terrestrial biodiversity tends to be highest near the equator, which seems to be the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth. It is the richest in the tropics. Marine biodiversity tends to be highest along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans. There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity. Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots, and has been increasing through time but will be likely to slow in the future.The number and variety of plants, animals and other organisms that exist is known as biodiversity. It is an essential component of nature and it ensures the survival of human species by providing food, fuel, shelter, medicines and other resources to mankind. The richness of biodiversity depends on the climatic conditions and area of the region. All species of plants taken together are known as flora and about 70,000 species of plants are known till date. All species of animals taken together are known as fauna which includes birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, insects, crustaceans, molluscs, etc.Rapid environmental changes typically cause mass extinctions. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described. The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037, and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. Since life began on Earth, five major mass extinctions and several minor events have led to large and sudden drops in biodiversity. The Phanerozoic eon (the last 540 million years) marked a rapid growth in biodiversity via the Cambrian explosion—a period during which the majority of multicellular phyla first appeared. The next 400 million years included repeated, massive biodiversity losses classified as mass extinction events. In the Carboniferous, rainforest collapse led to a great loss of plant and animal life. The Permian–Triassic extinction event, 251 million years ago, was the worst; vertebrate recovery took 30 million years. The most recent, the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, occurred 65 million years ago and has often attracted more attention than others because it resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs.The period since the emergence of humans has displayed an ongoing biodiversity reduction and an accompanying loss of genetic diversity. Named the Holocene extinction, the reduction is caused primarily by human impacts, particularly habitat destruction. Conversely, biodiversity impacts human health in a number of ways, both positively and negatively.The United Nations designated 2011–2020 as the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity.