February - Phoenix Zoo
... the planet that contain the increasingly alarmed at the rate of global and highest percentage of biodiversity, tropical local species extinction rates. It is estimated rainforests, are also the areas that, in recent that every 20 minutes another animal species years, have been impacted the most as a ...
... the planet that contain the increasingly alarmed at the rate of global and highest percentage of biodiversity, tropical local species extinction rates. It is estimated rainforests, are also the areas that, in recent that every 20 minutes another animal species years, have been impacted the most as a ...
Historical and ecological dimensions of global patterns
... woody plants, but not often enough to build diversity in temperate tree floras to the levels found in the tropics. Adaptive barriers may restrict lineages to more stressful, less productive environments as well as to the tropics. Many clades found only in temperate areas have diversified there but h ...
... woody plants, but not often enough to build diversity in temperate tree floras to the levels found in the tropics. Adaptive barriers may restrict lineages to more stressful, less productive environments as well as to the tropics. Many clades found only in temperate areas have diversified there but h ...
SAP4 - Barnsley Biodiversity Trust
... are opportunistic hunters that will take a wide range of prey, but mainly feed on fish. The Otter is a top predator in the river ecosystem and, as such, it occurs at a naturally low density. A male Otter may use up to 40km of watercourse. This would include main rivers as well as smaller tributaries ...
... are opportunistic hunters that will take a wide range of prey, but mainly feed on fish. The Otter is a top predator in the river ecosystem and, as such, it occurs at a naturally low density. A male Otter may use up to 40km of watercourse. This would include main rivers as well as smaller tributaries ...
AP/IB Environmental Science
... 3. Define environmental science. 4. What is environmental sustainability, and why is it important? 5. What are endocrine disrupters? List three examples of chemicals that fall into this group. 6. Compare and contrast synergism and antagonism. 7. Explain the term commercial extinction. 8. Briefly, in ...
... 3. Define environmental science. 4. What is environmental sustainability, and why is it important? 5. What are endocrine disrupters? List three examples of chemicals that fall into this group. 6. Compare and contrast synergism and antagonism. 7. Explain the term commercial extinction. 8. Briefly, in ...
paper - institute for theoretical physics cologne
... Field research has shown that coexistence of competing species is far from rare in real ecosystems. As a result, the conditions favoring coexistence are receiving increasing attention from the ecological community (McCann et al., 1998; Chesson, 2000; Kokkoris et al., 2002; Roberts and Stone, 2004). ...
... Field research has shown that coexistence of competing species is far from rare in real ecosystems. As a result, the conditions favoring coexistence are receiving increasing attention from the ecological community (McCann et al., 1998; Chesson, 2000; Kokkoris et al., 2002; Roberts and Stone, 2004). ...
Ecological engineering: a new direction for agricultural pest
... management. This effect is one of several possible synergistic effects of GE crop use on ecological engineering approaches for pest management explored by Altieri et al. (2004). Ultimately, if GE crops are able to make crop production more efficient, the requirements of society for food and fibre wi ...
... management. This effect is one of several possible synergistic effects of GE crop use on ecological engineering approaches for pest management explored by Altieri et al. (2004). Ultimately, if GE crops are able to make crop production more efficient, the requirements of society for food and fibre wi ...
The impacts of invasive plant species on the biodiversity of
... The current and potential distributions of 33 of the 71 nonnative plant species that were investigated as potential weeds of national significance extend into Australian rangelands to some degree (Thorp and Lynch 2000). Fewer species currently extend into the more arid rangelands compared with the se ...
... The current and potential distributions of 33 of the 71 nonnative plant species that were investigated as potential weeds of national significance extend into Australian rangelands to some degree (Thorp and Lynch 2000). Fewer species currently extend into the more arid rangelands compared with the se ...
Unit 4 : Ecosystems
... Growth rates may also be a factor. Phytoplankton are extremely small but grow very rapidly, so they support large populations of herbivores even though there may be fewer algae than herbivores at any given moment. In contrast, land plants may take years to reach maturity, so an average carbon atom s ...
... Growth rates may also be a factor. Phytoplankton are extremely small but grow very rapidly, so they support large populations of herbivores even though there may be fewer algae than herbivores at any given moment. In contrast, land plants may take years to reach maturity, so an average carbon atom s ...
Fulltext PDF
... wildlife, and today all of us humans who ‘alter the nature of their world’ [4], are said to be keystone habitat modifiers. The amazing efficiency with which the keystone functions in setting up new ecosystems and food webs by coral skeletons and live oysters have not been fully highlighted. This art ...
... wildlife, and today all of us humans who ‘alter the nature of their world’ [4], are said to be keystone habitat modifiers. The amazing efficiency with which the keystone functions in setting up new ecosystems and food webs by coral skeletons and live oysters have not been fully highlighted. This art ...
How similar can co-occurring species be in the presence of
... that determine the identity and number of species and their relative abundances in any given set of geographical locations across space and time. Ecological communities result from a number of processes occurring at different spatiotemporal scales. New species arise vía speciation and immigration. S ...
... that determine the identity and number of species and their relative abundances in any given set of geographical locations across space and time. Ecological communities result from a number of processes occurring at different spatiotemporal scales. New species arise vía speciation and immigration. S ...
Biodiversity and ecosystem stability: a synthesis of underlying
... of these models, however, is that they have mostly considered symmetrical competitive communities in which all species have identical parameter values except for the degree of synchrony of their environmental responses. Therefore, they do not rule out the possibility that asymmetries between species ...
... of these models, however, is that they have mostly considered symmetrical competitive communities in which all species have identical parameter values except for the degree of synchrony of their environmental responses. Therefore, they do not rule out the possibility that asymmetries between species ...
Appendix Cairngorm Plan - Aberdeenshire Council
... due to the lateral spreading of some footpaths and general trampling of some sensitive habitats. The number and distribution of mountaineers/climbers and walkers using the high tops in the Cairngorms have caused this. There is increasing concern that mountaineers/climbers ‘gardening’ and removing tu ...
... due to the lateral spreading of some footpaths and general trampling of some sensitive habitats. The number and distribution of mountaineers/climbers and walkers using the high tops in the Cairngorms have caused this. There is increasing concern that mountaineers/climbers ‘gardening’ and removing tu ...
Chapter 14: Conserving Biodiversity
... Converting wild areas to agricultural production is a major cause of habitat destruction. Altering our consumption patterns can help decrease habitat destruction. Eating low on the food chain (less meat and dairy) makes a difference. Reduce consumption of wood and paper ...
... Converting wild areas to agricultural production is a major cause of habitat destruction. Altering our consumption patterns can help decrease habitat destruction. Eating low on the food chain (less meat and dairy) makes a difference. Reduce consumption of wood and paper ...
Chap. 3 Extinction
... – Average life span of a species – 4 million years – Average extinction rate – 2.5 species per year – Total number of species over time – 10 million – Favors successful, geographically wideranging species – Biased toward vertebrates and mollusks – Background extinction rates are probably higher than ...
... – Average life span of a species – 4 million years – Average extinction rate – 2.5 species per year – Total number of species over time – 10 million – Favors successful, geographically wideranging species – Biased toward vertebrates and mollusks – Background extinction rates are probably higher than ...
mathe.chp:Corel VENTURA
... Forest edge and carabid diversity otic components of edge effect. The first is when different species prefer different habitats (e.g., grassland or forest interior). The second is when the individuals of the same population behave differently in different locations (e.g., because predation is highe ...
... Forest edge and carabid diversity otic components of edge effect. The first is when different species prefer different habitats (e.g., grassland or forest interior). The second is when the individuals of the same population behave differently in different locations (e.g., because predation is highe ...
Species, trophic, and functional diversity in marine
... single species conservation can preserve biodiversity or communities as a whole is repeatedly questioned and depends largely in the target species life habits. Single species approach to protection has been and still is widely used for its simplicity and flagship value when facing the public opinion ...
... single species conservation can preserve biodiversity or communities as a whole is repeatedly questioned and depends largely in the target species life habits. Single species approach to protection has been and still is widely used for its simplicity and flagship value when facing the public opinion ...
Impacts of climate change on the future of biodiversity
... or micro-habitat levels are also relevant. One of the best-documented responses – from both palaeontological records and recent observations – is a spatial shift of species tracking suitable climatic conditions at the regional scale. Latitudinal and altitudinal range shifts have already been observe ...
... or micro-habitat levels are also relevant. One of the best-documented responses – from both palaeontological records and recent observations – is a spatial shift of species tracking suitable climatic conditions at the regional scale. Latitudinal and altitudinal range shifts have already been observe ...
[edit] Fundamental principles of ecology
... Ecosystem ecology studies the flows of energy and matter through the biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems. Systems ecology is an interdisciplinary field focusing on the study, development, and organization of ecological systems from a holistic perspective. Landscape ecology examines processes ...
... Ecosystem ecology studies the flows of energy and matter through the biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems. Systems ecology is an interdisciplinary field focusing on the study, development, and organization of ecological systems from a holistic perspective. Landscape ecology examines processes ...
Impacts of Neonicotinoid Insecticides on Biodiversity
... status. This indicates the relevance of Article 8(f), “Rehabilitate and restore degraded ecosystems and promote the recovery of threatened species, inter alia, through the development and implementation of plans or other management strategies.” If a scientific and technical analysis done by the Conv ...
... status. This indicates the relevance of Article 8(f), “Rehabilitate and restore degraded ecosystems and promote the recovery of threatened species, inter alia, through the development and implementation of plans or other management strategies.” If a scientific and technical analysis done by the Conv ...
Introduction
... of degraded karst ecosystems. Karst restoration has become the core issue in research related to environmental changes in karst areas. With the implementation of the World Heritage List and Rocky Desertification Project in recent years, the number of related research papers has shown rapid growth an ...
... of degraded karst ecosystems. Karst restoration has become the core issue in research related to environmental changes in karst areas. With the implementation of the World Heritage List and Rocky Desertification Project in recent years, the number of related research papers has shown rapid growth an ...
Chapter 235 - El Niño and Biodiversity
... Regardless, rapid changes in ENSO intensity can increase environmental variation beyond a species’ threshold, causing a die off. If disturbances occur at too high a rate relative to recruitment, successive decimations can produce severe population bottlenecks, increasing the probability of both dete ...
... Regardless, rapid changes in ENSO intensity can increase environmental variation beyond a species’ threshold, causing a die off. If disturbances occur at too high a rate relative to recruitment, successive decimations can produce severe population bottlenecks, increasing the probability of both dete ...
- Integrative Biology - University of California, Berkeley
... migrations result in ecological interactions that are outside the range of normal as we define it above (e.g., outside the variations a given ecosystem experiences through thousands of years in the absence of significant human intervention). To sum up: today and in the coming decades, the successful p ...
... migrations result in ecological interactions that are outside the range of normal as we define it above (e.g., outside the variations a given ecosystem experiences through thousands of years in the absence of significant human intervention). To sum up: today and in the coming decades, the successful p ...
- WIT Repository
... effect of variation in relative abundance can be isolated by exploring the diversity effect ...
... effect of variation in relative abundance can be isolated by exploring the diversity effect ...
Mass Extinctions Increase Evenness of Genus Diversity Across
... probability that two genera randomly selected at a point in time belong to different modes. While it follows the same trend as the Shannon index, the peaks and valleys in evenness are more pronounced. During mass extinctions, there is a spike in evenness, with the most genera being lost from modes w ...
... probability that two genera randomly selected at a point in time belong to different modes. While it follows the same trend as the Shannon index, the peaks and valleys in evenness are more pronounced. During mass extinctions, there is a spike in evenness, with the most genera being lost from modes w ...
Conservation on reserve
... Oscar Venter. “This is because protected areas are often preferentially established in locations that are remote or have little agricultural value, failing to protect the imperiled biodiversity found on more valuable land.” “We’re very good now at deciding what’s useless for agriculture and, unfortu ...
... Oscar Venter. “This is because protected areas are often preferentially established in locations that are remote or have little agricultural value, failing to protect the imperiled biodiversity found on more valuable land.” “We’re very good now at deciding what’s useless for agriculture and, unfortu ...
Biodiversity
Global Biodiversity is the variety of different types of life found on Earth and the variations within species. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. This can refer to genetic variation, ecosystem variation, or species variation (number of species) within an area, biome, or planet. Terrestrial biodiversity tends to be highest near the equator, which seems to be the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth. It is the richest in the tropics. Marine biodiversity tends to be highest along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans. There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity. Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots, and has been increasing through time but will be likely to slow in the future.The number and variety of plants, animals and other organisms that exist is known as biodiversity. It is an essential component of nature and it ensures the survival of human species by providing food, fuel, shelter, medicines and other resources to mankind. The richness of biodiversity depends on the climatic conditions and area of the region. All species of plants taken together are known as flora and about 70,000 species of plants are known till date. All species of animals taken together are known as fauna which includes birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, insects, crustaceans, molluscs, etc.Rapid environmental changes typically cause mass extinctions. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described. The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037, and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. Since life began on Earth, five major mass extinctions and several minor events have led to large and sudden drops in biodiversity. The Phanerozoic eon (the last 540 million years) marked a rapid growth in biodiversity via the Cambrian explosion—a period during which the majority of multicellular phyla first appeared. The next 400 million years included repeated, massive biodiversity losses classified as mass extinction events. In the Carboniferous, rainforest collapse led to a great loss of plant and animal life. The Permian–Triassic extinction event, 251 million years ago, was the worst; vertebrate recovery took 30 million years. The most recent, the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, occurred 65 million years ago and has often attracted more attention than others because it resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs.The period since the emergence of humans has displayed an ongoing biodiversity reduction and an accompanying loss of genetic diversity. Named the Holocene extinction, the reduction is caused primarily by human impacts, particularly habitat destruction. Conversely, biodiversity impacts human health in a number of ways, both positively and negatively.The United Nations designated 2011–2020 as the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity.