Life on earth
... 38.2 Biodiversity is vital to human welfare – Also provides food, clothing, shelter, oxygen, medicines, and ecosystem services – 25% of all prescriptions are plant based Rosy periwinkle is native to Madagascar 8000 species of flowering plants many not studied yet ...
... 38.2 Biodiversity is vital to human welfare – Also provides food, clothing, shelter, oxygen, medicines, and ecosystem services – 25% of all prescriptions are plant based Rosy periwinkle is native to Madagascar 8000 species of flowering plants many not studied yet ...
Phylogenetic diversity promotes ecosystem stability
... divergence times (Felsenstein 1985, Harvey and Pagel 1991), then the simplest models of evolutionary change predict that the more distantly related two species are, the greater likelihood that they differ ecologically. Of course, individual traits may show idiosyncratic patterns and rates of evoluti ...
... divergence times (Felsenstein 1985, Harvey and Pagel 1991), then the simplest models of evolutionary change predict that the more distantly related two species are, the greater likelihood that they differ ecologically. Of course, individual traits may show idiosyncratic patterns and rates of evoluti ...
Saving the World`s Terrestrial Megafauna - Research
... equest the help of individuals, governments, corporations, and nongovernmental organizations to stop practices that are harmful to these species and to actively engage in helping to reverse declines in megafauna. 8. S trive for increased awareness among the global public of the current megafauna ...
... equest the help of individuals, governments, corporations, and nongovernmental organizations to stop practices that are harmful to these species and to actively engage in helping to reverse declines in megafauna. 8. S trive for increased awareness among the global public of the current megafauna ...
Understanding ecosystem dynamics for conservation of
... are caught as bycatch in fisheries that focus on more abundant species. The latter can be maintained while the bycatch species decline, either because they are easier to catch or because they have a lower intrinsic rate of increase (Hilborn et al. 2003). In the Atlantic, both common skates Raja bati ...
... are caught as bycatch in fisheries that focus on more abundant species. The latter can be maintained while the bycatch species decline, either because they are easier to catch or because they have a lower intrinsic rate of increase (Hilborn et al. 2003). In the Atlantic, both common skates Raja bati ...
2 components to Habitat Fragmentation
... What about the effects of climate change on species in a fragmented landscape? Roads as Barriers One of the hottest new areas of research - impacts have been documented in amphibians, insects, small mammals, large mammals, plants - Few studies of long-term effects on population dynamics, genetics G ...
... What about the effects of climate change on species in a fragmented landscape? Roads as Barriers One of the hottest new areas of research - impacts have been documented in amphibians, insects, small mammals, large mammals, plants - Few studies of long-term effects on population dynamics, genetics G ...
Clinal variation in longevity between populations of
... subsystem, in East-West direction. This system serves as a reference (‘control’) system, in order to correct for background infestation levels of mobile (airborne) pest densities. Since both systems are not replicated, effects will be analysed with crops and years as variables. Pitfall traps and yel ...
... subsystem, in East-West direction. This system serves as a reference (‘control’) system, in order to correct for background infestation levels of mobile (airborne) pest densities. Since both systems are not replicated, effects will be analysed with crops and years as variables. Pitfall traps and yel ...
3. and savannah ecosystems
... the basis of defined P/PET limits. There is no straightforward relationship between the regions and ecosystem types discussed here and other major terrestrial ecosystem types already addressed under the Convention, namely forests, inland water and agricultural ecosystems. ...
... the basis of defined P/PET limits. There is no straightforward relationship between the regions and ecosystem types discussed here and other major terrestrial ecosystem types already addressed under the Convention, namely forests, inland water and agricultural ecosystems. ...
Copyright Information
... • All other treatments identical • Tested on 10 farms for two years; further validated on 26 farms for three further years www.saffie.info ...
... • All other treatments identical • Tested on 10 farms for two years; further validated on 26 farms for three further years www.saffie.info ...
Teacher: Jeannie Sparks Grade: 12th e. Science For the Week of
... cycles and evaluate the effects of abiotic factors on the local ecosystem. ...
... cycles and evaluate the effects of abiotic factors on the local ecosystem. ...
the economics of biodiversity
... ecologist Simon Levin: “The central environmental challenge of our time is embodied in the staggering losses, both recent and projected of biological diversity at all levels, from the smallest organisms to charismatic large animals and towering trees.” [Levin (1999, p. 1)] The loss of biodiversity m ...
... ecologist Simon Levin: “The central environmental challenge of our time is embodied in the staggering losses, both recent and projected of biological diversity at all levels, from the smallest organisms to charismatic large animals and towering trees.” [Levin (1999, p. 1)] The loss of biodiversity m ...
Population characteristics
... there are limits to the number of humans the Earth can support b) Yes, but technology will keep raising the carrying capacity, so it’s not much of a problem ...
... there are limits to the number of humans the Earth can support b) Yes, but technology will keep raising the carrying capacity, so it’s not much of a problem ...
Ch 56 PPT
... Species Diversity • Species diversity is the variety of species in an ecosystem or throughout the biosphere • According to the U.S. Endangered Species Act – An endangered species is “in danger of becoming extinct throughout all or a significant portion of its range” – A threatened species is likely ...
... Species Diversity • Species diversity is the variety of species in an ecosystem or throughout the biosphere • According to the U.S. Endangered Species Act – An endangered species is “in danger of becoming extinct throughout all or a significant portion of its range” – A threatened species is likely ...
56_Lecture_Presentation_PC
... Species Diversity • Species diversity is the variety of species in an ecosystem or throughout the biosphere • According to the U.S. Endangered Species Act – An endangered species is “in danger of becoming extinct throughout all or a significant portion of its range” – A threatened species is likely ...
... Species Diversity • Species diversity is the variety of species in an ecosystem or throughout the biosphere • According to the U.S. Endangered Species Act – An endangered species is “in danger of becoming extinct throughout all or a significant portion of its range” – A threatened species is likely ...
Plant Species Diversity and Management of Temperate Forage and
... and Harral, 2001; Symstad et al., 2003). Two important principles are that (i) species richness increases with the area sampled and (ii) that small-scale (␣) diversity varies independently from large-scale () diversity. At the smallest scale (⬍1 cm2), species diversity is low because of the physica ...
... and Harral, 2001; Symstad et al., 2003). Two important principles are that (i) species richness increases with the area sampled and (ii) that small-scale (␣) diversity varies independently from large-scale () diversity. At the smallest scale (⬍1 cm2), species diversity is low because of the physica ...
170328 VAFI FFG Act review v3
... In addition to abiding by Action Statements, Victorian forest managers are legally obliged by the Code of Practice to protect ecosystem structures and functions. There is a suite of mandatory actions to maintain environmental values and minimise impacts on cultural values and the vis ...
... In addition to abiding by Action Statements, Victorian forest managers are legally obliged by the Code of Practice to protect ecosystem structures and functions. There is a suite of mandatory actions to maintain environmental values and minimise impacts on cultural values and the vis ...
Distribution and diversity of aquatic protists: an evolutionary and
... new (sub)population within the new habitat. In contrast to colonization, invasion will be successful only if, among the flow of invaders, there are some cells better adapted (i.e., with a higher fitness) to the specific local environment than those already present. Different from effective dispersal ...
... new (sub)population within the new habitat. In contrast to colonization, invasion will be successful only if, among the flow of invaders, there are some cells better adapted (i.e., with a higher fitness) to the specific local environment than those already present. Different from effective dispersal ...
mf920e
... The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 identifies twenty targets, referred to as the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, organized under five strategic goals. Strategic Goals A and B address the underlying causes and direct pressures causing the loss of biodiversity. Strategic Goal C deals with the c ...
... The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 identifies twenty targets, referred to as the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, organized under five strategic goals. Strategic Goals A and B address the underlying causes and direct pressures causing the loss of biodiversity. Strategic Goal C deals with the c ...
1" 2" 3" Phylogenetic diversity promotes ecosystem stability 4" 5" 6
... another species becomes competitively superior, it will show more of a rapid decline then ...
... another species becomes competitively superior, it will show more of a rapid decline then ...
PDF
... This paper critically evaluates the notion and application of economic, monetary valuation of biological diversity, or biodiversity. For this purpose four levels of diversity are considered: genes, species, ecosystems and functions. Different perspectives on biodiversity value can be characterized t ...
... This paper critically evaluates the notion and application of economic, monetary valuation of biological diversity, or biodiversity. For this purpose four levels of diversity are considered: genes, species, ecosystems and functions. Different perspectives on biodiversity value can be characterized t ...
Conservation biology
... Species Diversity • Species diversity is the variety of species in an ecosystem or throughout the biosphere • According to the U.S. Endangered Species Act – An endangered species is “in danger of becoming extinct throughout all or a significant portion of its range” – A threatened species is likely ...
... Species Diversity • Species diversity is the variety of species in an ecosystem or throughout the biosphere • According to the U.S. Endangered Species Act – An endangered species is “in danger of becoming extinct throughout all or a significant portion of its range” – A threatened species is likely ...
Chapter 1. Threats to freshwater biodiversity globally and in
... ecoregions and hotspots was unveiled relatively recently (Abell et al. 2008; see Figure 2.3). It is an important development given the lack of any confirmation that terrestrial and freshwater hotspots overlap (Strayer and Dudgeon 2010) although, based on a recent analysis at the scale of river catch ...
... ecoregions and hotspots was unveiled relatively recently (Abell et al. 2008; see Figure 2.3). It is an important development given the lack of any confirmation that terrestrial and freshwater hotspots overlap (Strayer and Dudgeon 2010) although, based on a recent analysis at the scale of river catch ...
How humans drive speciation as well as extinction
... (i.e. the last 11 500 years) suggest that 255 mammals became extinct during that period [29]. Similarly, during the Holocene, there have been 523 recorded bird species extinctions [29], of which 129 became extinct since AD 1500 [30]. Although it is not straightforward to determine what caused known ...
... (i.e. the last 11 500 years) suggest that 255 mammals became extinct during that period [29]. Similarly, during the Holocene, there have been 523 recorded bird species extinctions [29], of which 129 became extinct since AD 1500 [30]. Although it is not straightforward to determine what caused known ...
Conservation of Deep Pelagic Biodiversity
... that the oceanic water column is filled with life. The largest living space on Earth lies between the ocean’s sunlit upper layers and the dark floor of the deep sea, on average some 4000 m below the surface (Fig. 1). Within this vast midwater habitat are the planet’s largest animal communities, comp ...
... that the oceanic water column is filled with life. The largest living space on Earth lies between the ocean’s sunlit upper layers and the dark floor of the deep sea, on average some 4000 m below the surface (Fig. 1). Within this vast midwater habitat are the planet’s largest animal communities, comp ...
Saving the World`s Terrestrial Megafauna
... equest the help of individuals, governments, corporations, and nongovernmental organizations to stop practices that are harmful to these species and to actively engage in helping to reverse declines in megafauna. 8. S trive for increased awareness among the global public of the current megafauna ...
... equest the help of individuals, governments, corporations, and nongovernmental organizations to stop practices that are harmful to these species and to actively engage in helping to reverse declines in megafauna. 8. S trive for increased awareness among the global public of the current megafauna ...
Ecosystem Services presentation (Hampshire Biodiversity Partnership)
... www.hampshirebiodiversity.org.uk ...
... www.hampshirebiodiversity.org.uk ...
Biodiversity
Global Biodiversity is the variety of different types of life found on Earth and the variations within species. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. This can refer to genetic variation, ecosystem variation, or species variation (number of species) within an area, biome, or planet. Terrestrial biodiversity tends to be highest near the equator, which seems to be the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth. It is the richest in the tropics. Marine biodiversity tends to be highest along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans. There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity. Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots, and has been increasing through time but will be likely to slow in the future.The number and variety of plants, animals and other organisms that exist is known as biodiversity. It is an essential component of nature and it ensures the survival of human species by providing food, fuel, shelter, medicines and other resources to mankind. The richness of biodiversity depends on the climatic conditions and area of the region. All species of plants taken together are known as flora and about 70,000 species of plants are known till date. All species of animals taken together are known as fauna which includes birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, insects, crustaceans, molluscs, etc.Rapid environmental changes typically cause mass extinctions. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described. The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037, and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. Since life began on Earth, five major mass extinctions and several minor events have led to large and sudden drops in biodiversity. The Phanerozoic eon (the last 540 million years) marked a rapid growth in biodiversity via the Cambrian explosion—a period during which the majority of multicellular phyla first appeared. The next 400 million years included repeated, massive biodiversity losses classified as mass extinction events. In the Carboniferous, rainforest collapse led to a great loss of plant and animal life. The Permian–Triassic extinction event, 251 million years ago, was the worst; vertebrate recovery took 30 million years. The most recent, the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, occurred 65 million years ago and has often attracted more attention than others because it resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs.The period since the emergence of humans has displayed an ongoing biodiversity reduction and an accompanying loss of genetic diversity. Named the Holocene extinction, the reduction is caused primarily by human impacts, particularly habitat destruction. Conversely, biodiversity impacts human health in a number of ways, both positively and negatively.The United Nations designated 2011–2020 as the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity.