Nitrogen deposition
... average models tend to be lower) • Good skill over US stations, with a tendency to overestimate nitrogen deposition (10%) at large values ...
... average models tend to be lower) • Good skill over US stations, with a tendency to overestimate nitrogen deposition (10%) at large values ...
Is co-producing science for adaptation decision
... Impacts Programme (UKCIP) a boundary organization based at the University of Oxford in 1997, subsequent ones - UKCIP98 and UKCIP02 - have targeted a broader set of decision-makers, including key infrastructure operators, public bodies, consultants, regulators, private utility companies, and industry ...
... Impacts Programme (UKCIP) a boundary organization based at the University of Oxford in 1997, subsequent ones - UKCIP98 and UKCIP02 - have targeted a broader set of decision-makers, including key infrastructure operators, public bodies, consultants, regulators, private utility companies, and industry ...
Climate Change - EPA
... Report, based on all current published scientific material (IPCC 2007a). Key findings include the following: ...
... Report, based on all current published scientific material (IPCC 2007a). Key findings include the following: ...
2015 Issue - Northwest Climate Science Center
... climate-science agencies and the work of climate scientists are producing practical results that will continue to assist the preservation of montane landscapes, which play an integral role in the functioning of environments throughout the Pacific Northwest. “This project was such a clear example of ...
... climate-science agencies and the work of climate scientists are producing practical results that will continue to assist the preservation of montane landscapes, which play an integral role in the functioning of environments throughout the Pacific Northwest. “This project was such a clear example of ...
iprc climate vol14 no1
... island is captured by the model (not shown) and the spatial correlation coefficient between observed and simulated mean rainfall rate computed on a 3-km grid over all land areas in the state exceeds 0.8. However when examined in detail, some significant problems in the mean rainfall simulation are a ...
... island is captured by the model (not shown) and the spatial correlation coefficient between observed and simulated mean rainfall rate computed on a 3-km grid over all land areas in the state exceeds 0.8. However when examined in detail, some significant problems in the mean rainfall simulation are a ...
Chapter 2: An Overview of Canada`s Changing Climate
... temperature data, and from changes in a variety of other physical indicators, including declines in snow and ice cover. Emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from human activity are the main cause of recent global warming and are expected to be the dominant cause of further warming over the coming ce ...
... temperature data, and from changes in a variety of other physical indicators, including declines in snow and ice cover. Emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from human activity are the main cause of recent global warming and are expected to be the dominant cause of further warming over the coming ce ...
Waterborne transport, ports and waterways: A review of
... climate change related issues for the navigation sector, and how to understand and to deal with the knowledge about climate change and the various projected scenarios. The assumptions, definitions and findings of the 4th assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) r ...
... climate change related issues for the navigation sector, and how to understand and to deal with the knowledge about climate change and the various projected scenarios. The assumptions, definitions and findings of the 4th assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) r ...
Climate Change Affirmative - St. Louis Urban Debate League
... exploding across the planet every day. Scientists believe most and probably all of the warming since 1950 was caused by the human release of greenhouse gases. If emissions continue unchecked, they say the global warming could ultimately exceed 8 degrees Fahrenheit, which would transform the planet a ...
... exploding across the planet every day. Scientists believe most and probably all of the warming since 1950 was caused by the human release of greenhouse gases. If emissions continue unchecked, they say the global warming could ultimately exceed 8 degrees Fahrenheit, which would transform the planet a ...
A Method to Estimate Climate-Critical Construction Materials
... Seaports sit on the front lines of coastal climate change. Many seaports are located in areas most exposed to natural disasters (Becker et al., 2012). Mean sea level (MSL) rise, higher storm surges and river floods (Jonkeren et al., 2013; Tebaldi et al., 2012; Von Storch ...
... Seaports sit on the front lines of coastal climate change. Many seaports are located in areas most exposed to natural disasters (Becker et al., 2012). Mean sea level (MSL) rise, higher storm surges and river floods (Jonkeren et al., 2013; Tebaldi et al., 2012; Von Storch ...
Québec and Climate change 2006-2012 Action Plan
... mechanism for collecting the duty that will finance the Action Plan. On June 6, 2007, for the purpose of publication in the Gazette officielle du Québec, the government submitted the draft regulation that will introduce the mechanism. The consultation period for the draft regulation is 45 days. Thus ...
... mechanism for collecting the duty that will finance the Action Plan. On June 6, 2007, for the purpose of publication in the Gazette officielle du Québec, the government submitted the draft regulation that will introduce the mechanism. The consultation period for the draft regulation is 45 days. Thus ...
Functional and Phylogenetic Approaches to Forecasting Species
... directions and to different extents. These individualistic range shifts are inconsistent with the most common technique for predicting species’ distribution responses to change—correlative species distribution models (SDMs). These models estimate a species’ niche by correlating localities to environ ...
... directions and to different extents. These individualistic range shifts are inconsistent with the most common technique for predicting species’ distribution responses to change—correlative species distribution models (SDMs). These models estimate a species’ niche by correlating localities to environ ...
Weather, Climate, and Worldviews: The Sources
... change (Egan and Mullin 2010; Joireman et al. 2010; Li et al. 2011; Schwartz 2012). This is as one would expect, because temperature has been directly referenced in the widely used descriptor ‘‘global warming’’ and is highlighted in the now-famous ‘‘hockey-stick’’ graph of rising global average temp ...
... change (Egan and Mullin 2010; Joireman et al. 2010; Li et al. 2011; Schwartz 2012). This is as one would expect, because temperature has been directly referenced in the widely used descriptor ‘‘global warming’’ and is highlighted in the now-famous ‘‘hockey-stick’’ graph of rising global average temp ...
doc
... that lead economists to make predictions that are out of step with the scientific consensus and with commonly shared values. Among recent economic analyses the Stern Review (2006) stands out in its attempt to incorporate the inescapable uncertainty that surrounds climate predictions, and in its ethi ...
... that lead economists to make predictions that are out of step with the scientific consensus and with commonly shared values. Among recent economic analyses the Stern Review (2006) stands out in its attempt to incorporate the inescapable uncertainty that surrounds climate predictions, and in its ethi ...
Adaptation and mitigation: trade-offs in substance and methods Richard S.J. Tol *
... adaptive capacity (Smit et al., 2001). Adaptive capacity is the ability of a system to respond to a change (in this case, climate change). Adaptive capacity is generally believed to be determined by technological options, economic resources and their distribution, human and social capital, and gover ...
... adaptive capacity (Smit et al., 2001). Adaptive capacity is the ability of a system to respond to a change (in this case, climate change). Adaptive capacity is generally believed to be determined by technological options, economic resources and their distribution, human and social capital, and gover ...
Chapter 5
... Aegean would cause decreases in catches of benthic fish by 724 tonnes (1.1% of the mean) and of mesopelagic fish by 160 tonnes (1.3%), while the catches of large and small pelagic fish would increase by 12 tonnes each, i.e. by 0.5% and 0.04%, respectively. Total catches would thus decrease by 859 to ...
... Aegean would cause decreases in catches of benthic fish by 724 tonnes (1.1% of the mean) and of mesopelagic fish by 160 tonnes (1.3%), while the catches of large and small pelagic fish would increase by 12 tonnes each, i.e. by 0.5% and 0.04%, respectively. Total catches would thus decrease by 859 to ...
Climate change in Australia | Central Slopes cluster report
... current state and future of the global climate system. The report concluded that: • greenhouse gas emissions have markedly increased as a result of human activities • human influence has been detected in warming of the atmosphere and the ocean, in changes in the global water cycle, in reductions i ...
... current state and future of the global climate system. The report concluded that: • greenhouse gas emissions have markedly increased as a result of human activities • human influence has been detected in warming of the atmosphere and the ocean, in changes in the global water cycle, in reductions i ...
Scenario Planning for Solar Radiation Management
... now starting to grapple with how emerging geoengineering research and technologies can be governed in ways most likely to steer the world towards positive future outcomes.3 This question is frustrated by the fact that these technologies are shrouded in scientific uncertainty. (In fact, many remain l ...
... now starting to grapple with how emerging geoengineering research and technologies can be governed in ways most likely to steer the world towards positive future outcomes.3 This question is frustrated by the fact that these technologies are shrouded in scientific uncertainty. (In fact, many remain l ...
Final Programme
... stakeholders in debating this issue. It also highlights the responsibility of the UNFCCC signatories countries to develop and implement educational and public awareness programmes on climate change and its effects, to ensure public access to information, and to promote public participation in addres ...
... stakeholders in debating this issue. It also highlights the responsibility of the UNFCCC signatories countries to develop and implement educational and public awareness programmes on climate change and its effects, to ensure public access to information, and to promote public participation in addres ...
Mapping of Climate Change Threats and Human Development
... to 359 million. The Arab Region is expected to have 598 million inhabitants by 2050, increasing by two-thirds or 239 million more people than in 2010 (UNDESA 2009). ...
... to 359 million. The Arab Region is expected to have 598 million inhabitants by 2050, increasing by two-thirds or 239 million more people than in 2010 (UNDESA 2009). ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.