THE ROLE OF LAND - SURFACE PROCESSES IN LOCAL, REGIONAL AND
... ridge and trough patterns associated with the polar jet stream (Hou 1998). ¾ El Niños have such a major effect on weather due to their large magnitude, long persistence, and spatial coherence (Wu and Newell 1998). ¾ Tropical thunderstorms are referred to as “hot towers” and are the conduit to higher ...
... ridge and trough patterns associated with the polar jet stream (Hou 1998). ¾ El Niños have such a major effect on weather due to their large magnitude, long persistence, and spatial coherence (Wu and Newell 1998). ¾ Tropical thunderstorms are referred to as “hot towers” and are the conduit to higher ...
Direct and Indirect Effects of Climate Change on Amphibian
... osmosis and water loss through evaporation, also heavily influences amphibian physiology and behavior. Most amphibian species have highly vascularized permeable skin, which acts as an osmoregulatory and respiratory organ. With the exception of a few “watertight” species, water moves freely across th ...
... osmosis and water loss through evaporation, also heavily influences amphibian physiology and behavior. Most amphibian species have highly vascularized permeable skin, which acts as an osmoregulatory and respiratory organ. With the exception of a few “watertight” species, water moves freely across th ...
- FUND - Climate Framework for Uncertainty, Negotiation
... equilibrium model, and report results with and without adaptation, and with and without CO2 fertilisation. The regional results from these studies are assumed to hold for each country in the respective regions. They are averaged over the studies and the climate scenarios for each country, and aggreg ...
... equilibrium model, and report results with and without adaptation, and with and without CO2 fertilisation. The regional results from these studies are assumed to hold for each country in the respective regions. They are averaged over the studies and the climate scenarios for each country, and aggreg ...
Aalborg Universitet
... Cooper et al., (2008) noted that whilst the exact nature and extent of the impacts of climate change on temperature and rainfall distribution patterns remain uncertain, it is the poor and vulnerable who will be the most susceptible to changes in climate. Though these farmers have developed several a ...
... Cooper et al., (2008) noted that whilst the exact nature and extent of the impacts of climate change on temperature and rainfall distribution patterns remain uncertain, it is the poor and vulnerable who will be the most susceptible to changes in climate. Though these farmers have developed several a ...
Climate Change in the US Northeast
... than at any time in more than 700,000 years, 7 and average global temperatures in the Northern • One in five Americans—57,000,000 people—live in the Northeast. Hemisphere have risen more than 1oF over the past 150 years due to increases in carbon dioxide and • Several major metropolitan areas are lo ...
... than at any time in more than 700,000 years, 7 and average global temperatures in the Northern • One in five Americans—57,000,000 people—live in the Northeast. Hemisphere have risen more than 1oF over the past 150 years due to increases in carbon dioxide and • Several major metropolitan areas are lo ...
How will Climate Change Affect the Water Cycle?
... report consider only the effects of climate change, against which the effects of other changes can be compared. ...
... report consider only the effects of climate change, against which the effects of other changes can be compared. ...
Atmospheric moisture transport: the bridge between ocean
... decades is not strongly associated with the evaporation that takes place within the Arctic area itself, despite the fact that the sea ice cover is decreasing. Such an increment is consistent and is more dependent on the transport of moisture from the extratropical regions to the Arctic that has incr ...
... decades is not strongly associated with the evaporation that takes place within the Arctic area itself, despite the fact that the sea ice cover is decreasing. Such an increment is consistent and is more dependent on the transport of moisture from the extratropical regions to the Arctic that has incr ...
(Un)Natural Disasters: Communicating Linkages Between Extreme
... Australia in 2013 and 2014 showed that the human influence on climate made those record high temperatures substantially more probable (Lewis and Karoly, 2014). Another analysis found that these extreme temperatures were very unlikely to have occurred in the absence of human-caused climate change (Ga ...
... Australia in 2013 and 2014 showed that the human influence on climate made those record high temperatures substantially more probable (Lewis and Karoly, 2014). Another analysis found that these extreme temperatures were very unlikely to have occurred in the absence of human-caused climate change (Ga ...
Document
... doubling of chloroflourocarbon production every 25 years. Also, since many of the gases have very long atmospheric residence times, once changes in ozone have occurred will take tens to hundreds of years for ozone to return to its original level. Identification of changes in global ozone which may h ...
... doubling of chloroflourocarbon production every 25 years. Also, since many of the gases have very long atmospheric residence times, once changes in ozone have occurred will take tens to hundreds of years for ozone to return to its original level. Identification of changes in global ozone which may h ...
PDF
... the US. While such comparison deals with variables of totally different nature (global temperature vs emissions reduction costs) and relating to different time scales (100 years vs 10 years, respectively) the comparison is nevertheless logically feasible, as we shall show. It is also instructive if ...
... the US. While such comparison deals with variables of totally different nature (global temperature vs emissions reduction costs) and relating to different time scales (100 years vs 10 years, respectively) the comparison is nevertheless logically feasible, as we shall show. It is also instructive if ...
National adaptation is also a global concern
... national boundaries. The regional to global dimension of adaptation thus remains disregarded, while at least two arguments strongly support a better consideration of the transboundary effects of national policies: impacts of climate change will affect all the countries around the world, making adapt ...
... national boundaries. The regional to global dimension of adaptation thus remains disregarded, while at least two arguments strongly support a better consideration of the transboundary effects of national policies: impacts of climate change will affect all the countries around the world, making adapt ...
High Resolution - Responses to Climate Change
... and recent increases for both elevation ranges and both seasons with the exception of lowelevation stations during the summer. Remarkably steep increases in Tmin, approaching 0.5°C/decade (0.9 °F/decade) are evident since 1975 at higher elevations. These changes imply a decrease in the daily tempera ...
... and recent increases for both elevation ranges and both seasons with the exception of lowelevation stations during the summer. Remarkably steep increases in Tmin, approaching 0.5°C/decade (0.9 °F/decade) are evident since 1975 at higher elevations. These changes imply a decrease in the daily tempera ...
US-China Relations Core – Wave 2 – HSS
... Climate mitigation offers a historic opportunity for cooperation. Global warming is an existential threat. One would think that two people in a boat on rough seas would, for selfpreservation’s sake, put aside differences and cooperate. High income countries, however, do not suffer as much from extre ...
... Climate mitigation offers a historic opportunity for cooperation. Global warming is an existential threat. One would think that two people in a boat on rough seas would, for selfpreservation’s sake, put aside differences and cooperate. High income countries, however, do not suffer as much from extre ...
Assessment of climate change impact on water Linköping University Post Print
... from two GCMs for the time period 1961–2050. Two of the simulations used boundary data from ECHAM4/OPYC3 (Roeckner et al., 1999) developed and run at DKRZ, the Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum GmbH and the Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg. The third simulation used boundary data from the ...
... from two GCMs for the time period 1961–2050. Two of the simulations used boundary data from ECHAM4/OPYC3 (Roeckner et al., 1999) developed and run at DKRZ, the Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum GmbH and the Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg. The third simulation used boundary data from the ...
How Does a Regional Climate Model Modify the Projected Climate
... total length of 1,000 years with prescribed constant natural climate forcing. Starting from three different years of the pre-industrial control run, three realizations were integrated from 1850–2005 under observed natural and anthropogenic forcings. The natural forcing considers variations of the Ea ...
... total length of 1,000 years with prescribed constant natural climate forcing. Starting from three different years of the pre-industrial control run, three realizations were integrated from 1850–2005 under observed natural and anthropogenic forcings. The natural forcing considers variations of the Ea ...
How to motivate people about climate change
... In addition to the replicable, persistent effects of the collective responsibility treatment on actual behaviors, our fourth question asks whether the experiment could similarly alter behavioral intent with respect to future climate-related behaviors. In our first three experiments we chose to focus ...
... In addition to the replicable, persistent effects of the collective responsibility treatment on actual behaviors, our fourth question asks whether the experiment could similarly alter behavioral intent with respect to future climate-related behaviors. In our first three experiments we chose to focus ...
powerpoint presentation
... Climate forcing External forcing for earth’s climate includes earth orbit parameters (solar distance factors) solar luminosity moon orbit volcanoes and other geothermal sources tectonics (plate motion) greenhouse gases (to the extent that they are not part of the climate system itself) land surface ...
... Climate forcing External forcing for earth’s climate includes earth orbit parameters (solar distance factors) solar luminosity moon orbit volcanoes and other geothermal sources tectonics (plate motion) greenhouse gases (to the extent that they are not part of the climate system itself) land surface ...
Harley b/l - CalCOFI.org
... oscillations such as El Niño Southern Oscillation events (Jones et al. 2001). These oscillations provide natural “experiments” that can serve as proxies for studying the impacts of long-term, nonoscillatory trends such as those predicted by anthropogenic warming scenarios (IPCC 2001). Long-term chan ...
... oscillations such as El Niño Southern Oscillation events (Jones et al. 2001). These oscillations provide natural “experiments” that can serve as proxies for studying the impacts of long-term, nonoscillatory trends such as those predicted by anthropogenic warming scenarios (IPCC 2001). Long-term chan ...
1) Bad Ideas - CBC Ombudsman - Radio
... The premise of climate change denial—that we can increase greenhouse gases without increasing the greenhouse effect—is absurd. To deny global warming is to deny that CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide qualify as greenhouse gases—or that greenhouse gases (GHGs) exert any such effect. GHGs trap (absorb a ...
... The premise of climate change denial—that we can increase greenhouse gases without increasing the greenhouse effect—is absurd. To deny global warming is to deny that CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide qualify as greenhouse gases—or that greenhouse gases (GHGs) exert any such effect. GHGs trap (absorb a ...
Long-term macroinvertebrate responses to climate change
... temperature is the lower limit for invertebrate growth and development. We used a uniform value of the threshold temperature because we were seeking only to distinguish warm years from cold years from an invertebrate development perspective and not to elucidate distinct differences among the many aq ...
... temperature is the lower limit for invertebrate growth and development. We used a uniform value of the threshold temperature because we were seeking only to distinguish warm years from cold years from an invertebrate development perspective and not to elucidate distinct differences among the many aq ...
Climate modelling in Bangladesh
... devastation on the lives of its people. Climate change will only intensify such threats. Indeed, the Bangladesh government believes that the effects of climate change are already being experienced in the country. The need for Bangladesh to develop adaptation strategies to cope with climate change is ...
... devastation on the lives of its people. Climate change will only intensify such threats. Indeed, the Bangladesh government believes that the effects of climate change are already being experienced in the country. The need for Bangladesh to develop adaptation strategies to cope with climate change is ...
Vulnerability to climate change and sea
... We calculated a SED threshold (SEDt ) for the hotspot to statistically determine the limit above which the climate was no longer considered analogous to current conditions (namely climate loss), by comparing the distribution of SED values between the hotspot and the rest of the world for the current ...
... We calculated a SED threshold (SEDt ) for the hotspot to statistically determine the limit above which the climate was no longer considered analogous to current conditions (namely climate loss), by comparing the distribution of SED values between the hotspot and the rest of the world for the current ...
Untitled
... of their culture. [FN4] Clearly, action on climate change is urgent for Arctic regions; failure to act could threaten the very existence of the Inuit way of life. This Article reviews the evolution of climate change policy in an international context in general and Canada in particular. The review p ...
... of their culture. [FN4] Clearly, action on climate change is urgent for Arctic regions; failure to act could threaten the very existence of the Inuit way of life. This Article reviews the evolution of climate change policy in an international context in general and Canada in particular. The review p ...
nota di lavoro - Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei
... processes and uncertainties would demand dynamic stochastic optimization in a complex climate-economy model. However, numerical stochastic dynamic optimization generally necessitates a large number of iterations to compute an entire set of contingencies, and the size of computation easily becomes pr ...
... processes and uncertainties would demand dynamic stochastic optimization in a complex climate-economy model. However, numerical stochastic dynamic optimization generally necessitates a large number of iterations to compute an entire set of contingencies, and the size of computation easily becomes pr ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.