How does climate change cause extinction?
... 100 years. But what will actually cause these extinctions? For example, will it be limited physiological tolerance to high temperatures, changing biotic interactions or other factors? Here, we systematically review the proximate causes of climate-change related extinctions and their empirical suppor ...
... 100 years. But what will actually cause these extinctions? For example, will it be limited physiological tolerance to high temperatures, changing biotic interactions or other factors? Here, we systematically review the proximate causes of climate-change related extinctions and their empirical suppor ...
Climate Change and US Agriculture
... This report explores some of the impacts that climate change, with warmer and more variable weather, may have on agriculture in the United States. Its aim is to elucidate how warmer temperatures and an increase in extreme weather events (including spells of very high temperatures, torrential rains a ...
... This report explores some of the impacts that climate change, with warmer and more variable weather, may have on agriculture in the United States. Its aim is to elucidate how warmer temperatures and an increase in extreme weather events (including spells of very high temperatures, torrential rains a ...
Global trends in extreme precipitation
... 766 HadEX2 grid cells that had any Rx1day data (Fig. 1c and d). Tests for trend detection in time series can be classified as parametric and non-parametric methods. Parametric trend tests require independence and a particular distribution in the data, while non-parametric trend tests require only th ...
... 766 HadEX2 grid cells that had any Rx1day data (Fig. 1c and d). Tests for trend detection in time series can be classified as parametric and non-parametric methods. Parametric trend tests require independence and a particular distribution in the data, while non-parametric trend tests require only th ...
The Evolution of Multilateral Regimes: Implications for
... or effective? Which of these can or should be pursued through the UNFCCC and which might be more productively pursued in other international forums? Is it critical that we know now the form of legally-binding agreement we aspire to—must it, for instance, include the Kyoto Protocol—or can that unfol ...
... or effective? Which of these can or should be pursued through the UNFCCC and which might be more productively pursued in other international forums? Is it critical that we know now the form of legally-binding agreement we aspire to—must it, for instance, include the Kyoto Protocol—or can that unfol ...
Bopp et al, 2013
... based on the availability of all variables necessary to discuss the four stressors we focus on: temperature, pH, O2 and NPP. They were also selected on the requirement that at least one representative concentration pathway (RCP) was performed up to 2099. We used historical simulations from 1870 to 2 ...
... based on the availability of all variables necessary to discuss the four stressors we focus on: temperature, pH, O2 and NPP. They were also selected on the requirement that at least one representative concentration pathway (RCP) was performed up to 2099. We used historical simulations from 1870 to 2 ...
- White Rose Research Online
... environmental communication because its main cause, greenhouse gas emissions, is invisible. The predominant approach of making climate change visible is the use of iconic, often affective, imagery. Literature on the iconography of climate change shows that global iconic motifs, such as polar bears, ...
... environmental communication because its main cause, greenhouse gas emissions, is invisible. The predominant approach of making climate change visible is the use of iconic, often affective, imagery. Literature on the iconography of climate change shows that global iconic motifs, such as polar bears, ...
Author's personal copy On the use
... actions to take in the face of climate challenges. But in making the intangible tangible, climate imagery can also paralyse and demobilise. In making climate change meaningful through imagery, communications can act to increase or decrease peoples’ sense of both issue salience (whether climate chang ...
... actions to take in the face of climate challenges. But in making the intangible tangible, climate imagery can also paralyse and demobilise. In making climate change meaningful through imagery, communications can act to increase or decrease peoples’ sense of both issue salience (whether climate chang ...
PDF
... some limitations. In particular we do not take into account full adaptation of the EU agricultural sector to climate changes. We investigate the medium term effect of climate change on the EU agriculture. A long term adjustment may mitigate some of the effects and the sectoral and/or regional impact ...
... some limitations. In particular we do not take into account full adaptation of the EU agricultural sector to climate changes. We investigate the medium term effect of climate change on the EU agriculture. A long term adjustment may mitigate some of the effects and the sectoral and/or regional impact ...
The Impact of Climate Change on the Agricultural Sector
... of Rome Report 1972 officially raised global warming as an international issue and, in 1985, World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) officially declared carbon dioxide as the principal cause of global warming. In order to effectively cope with the glob ...
... of Rome Report 1972 officially raised global warming as an international issue and, in 1985, World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) officially declared carbon dioxide as the principal cause of global warming. In order to effectively cope with the glob ...
Livestock and climate change
... As climate changes and becomes more variable, niches for different species alter. This may modify animal diets and compromise the ability of smallholders to manage feed deficits.8 Changes in the primary productivity of crops, forage and rangeland Effects will depend significantly on location, system ...
... As climate changes and becomes more variable, niches for different species alter. This may modify animal diets and compromise the ability of smallholders to manage feed deficits.8 Changes in the primary productivity of crops, forage and rangeland Effects will depend significantly on location, system ...
Tropical reforestation and climate change
... Tropical reforestation (TR) has been highlighted as an important intervention for climate change mitigation because of its carbon storage potential. TR can also play other frequently overlooked, but significant, roles in helping society and ecosystems adapt to climate variability and change. For exa ...
... Tropical reforestation (TR) has been highlighted as an important intervention for climate change mitigation because of its carbon storage potential. TR can also play other frequently overlooked, but significant, roles in helping society and ecosystems adapt to climate variability and change. For exa ...
s1|2008 protected areas and biodiversity conservation special issue
... assessments of system characteristics. To inform risk management, expert risk perception is rather supplemented by “internal” value judgements. Thus, expert risk conceptualisation regarding complex and uncertain issues such as climate change is based on both disciplinary knowledge and individual bel ...
... assessments of system characteristics. To inform risk management, expert risk perception is rather supplemented by “internal” value judgements. Thus, expert risk conceptualisation regarding complex and uncertain issues such as climate change is based on both disciplinary knowledge and individual bel ...
Radiative forcing of gases, aerosols and, clouds.
... clouds act to increase the net energy into the Earth system, while the negative forcing is over the regions where clouds act to decrease the net energy. The solar and terrestrial properties of clouds have offsetting effects in terms of the energy balance of the planet. In the longwave (LW), clouds ...
... clouds act to increase the net energy into the Earth system, while the negative forcing is over the regions where clouds act to decrease the net energy. The solar and terrestrial properties of clouds have offsetting effects in terms of the energy balance of the planet. In the longwave (LW), clouds ...
Increasing water cycle extremes in California and in relation to
... of 17,100 jobs1. Given continuing drought conditions, a pressing question posed is whether the state of California will experience more frequent drought conditions in upcoming years. The effects of global warming on the regional climate include a hotter and drier climate2,3, as well as earlier snowm ...
... of 17,100 jobs1. Given continuing drought conditions, a pressing question posed is whether the state of California will experience more frequent drought conditions in upcoming years. The effects of global warming on the regional climate include a hotter and drier climate2,3, as well as earlier snowm ...
Burden Sharing and Fairness Principles in International
... By “principles of fairness” we mean generally acknowledged norms of fairness that have traditionally been seen as valid across a wide range of issue areas and at different levels – from interpersonal to international relations. When translated into more specific burden sharing rules or formulas, the ...
... By “principles of fairness” we mean generally acknowledged norms of fairness that have traditionally been seen as valid across a wide range of issue areas and at different levels – from interpersonal to international relations. When translated into more specific burden sharing rules or formulas, the ...
PDF
... increase the risk of violent conflict (Brauch, 2002; Gleick, 1992; Homer-Dixon, 1991; van Ireland, Klaassen, Nierop, & van der Wusten, 1996). There are two broad ways in which conflict might be stimulated by climate change. First, conflict could come about through changes in the political economy of ...
... increase the risk of violent conflict (Brauch, 2002; Gleick, 1992; Homer-Dixon, 1991; van Ireland, Klaassen, Nierop, & van der Wusten, 1996). There are two broad ways in which conflict might be stimulated by climate change. First, conflict could come about through changes in the political economy of ...
Toward Extreme Weather and Climate Resilience in the Region of
... resilience to priority impacts of climate change and extreme weather with respect to two very different community assets within the Region of Peel: (1) Caledon’s agricultural sector, and (2) critical service ...
... resilience to priority impacts of climate change and extreme weather with respect to two very different community assets within the Region of Peel: (1) Caledon’s agricultural sector, and (2) critical service ...
NB Climate Change Hub | News Monitoring | April
... LONDON - Britain needs to accelerate its strategy to cut greenhouse gas emissions to have any hope of meeting its carbon reduction commitments, Britain's chief climate change adviser said Monday. The Committee on Climate Change (CCC), which advises the British government on cutting emissions to 80 p ...
... LONDON - Britain needs to accelerate its strategy to cut greenhouse gas emissions to have any hope of meeting its carbon reduction commitments, Britain's chief climate change adviser said Monday. The Committee on Climate Change (CCC), which advises the British government on cutting emissions to 80 p ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES DESIGNING CLIMATE MITIGATION POLICY Joseph E. Aldy
... marginal abatement costs are equated across all emissions sources (including non-CO2 GHGs), across countries, and across different periods of time.3 Across the models and stabilization scenarios in Table 1, CO2 emissions prices rise steadily (beginning around 2012) at approximately 5 percent, which ...
... marginal abatement costs are equated across all emissions sources (including non-CO2 GHGs), across countries, and across different periods of time.3 Across the models and stabilization scenarios in Table 1, CO2 emissions prices rise steadily (beginning around 2012) at approximately 5 percent, which ...
THE ROLE OF LAND - SURFACE PROCESSES IN LOCAL, REGIONAL AND
... ridge and trough patterns associated with the polar jet stream (Hou 1998). ¾ El Niños have such a major effect on weather due to their large magnitude, long persistence, and spatial coherence (Wu and Newell 1998). ¾ Tropical thunderstorms are referred to as “hot towers” and are the conduit to higher ...
... ridge and trough patterns associated with the polar jet stream (Hou 1998). ¾ El Niños have such a major effect on weather due to their large magnitude, long persistence, and spatial coherence (Wu and Newell 1998). ¾ Tropical thunderstorms are referred to as “hot towers” and are the conduit to higher ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.