nota di lavoro - Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei
... processes and uncertainties would demand dynamic stochastic optimization in a complex climate-economy model. However, numerical stochastic dynamic optimization generally necessitates a large number of iterations to compute an entire set of contingencies, and the size of computation easily becomes pr ...
... processes and uncertainties would demand dynamic stochastic optimization in a complex climate-economy model. However, numerical stochastic dynamic optimization generally necessitates a large number of iterations to compute an entire set of contingencies, and the size of computation easily becomes pr ...
noaa climate program
... Response to Recommendations The discussion that followed Koblinsky’s presentation focused on the overall strategy for the climate program office in the context of the overall vision vis a vis implementation. The overall strategy for promoting new priorities at the expense of established success ...
... Response to Recommendations The discussion that followed Koblinsky’s presentation focused on the overall strategy for the climate program office in the context of the overall vision vis a vis implementation. The overall strategy for promoting new priorities at the expense of established success ...
Working Group I Fifth Assessment Report
... resulting atmospheric concentrations of radiatively important gases and aerosols and by changing land surface properties. Previous assessments have already shown through multiple lines of evidence that the climate is changing across our planet, largely as a result of human activities. The most compe ...
... resulting atmospheric concentrations of radiatively important gases and aerosols and by changing land surface properties. Previous assessments have already shown through multiple lines of evidence that the climate is changing across our planet, largely as a result of human activities. The most compe ...
CLIMATE WORLDWIDE
... uninhabited territories because of the hard conditions. On the other hand, the most attractive areas are the subtropical zones, because they are considered to be the most pleasant and healthy. ...
... uninhabited territories because of the hard conditions. On the other hand, the most attractive areas are the subtropical zones, because they are considered to be the most pleasant and healthy. ...
Climate Change Projections over India by a
... realistic precipitation climatologies (Kumar et al., 2013) and they can also produce appropriate projections to generate climate scenario at a regional scale. In the recent years, there has been an increase in the interest among different research groups in developing high resolution climate scenari ...
... realistic precipitation climatologies (Kumar et al., 2013) and they can also produce appropriate projections to generate climate scenario at a regional scale. In the recent years, there has been an increase in the interest among different research groups in developing high resolution climate scenari ...
Climate Change Adaptation Plan – City of Red Deer Part One
... for our city. ICLEI Canada was seeking 14 communities to participate in a pilot program. The purpose of the pilot was to help municipalities develop a Climate Change Adaptation Plan and build capacity for local climate change planning, implementation and monitoring within their organization. During ...
... for our city. ICLEI Canada was seeking 14 communities to participate in a pilot program. The purpose of the pilot was to help municipalities develop a Climate Change Adaptation Plan and build capacity for local climate change planning, implementation and monitoring within their organization. During ...
On forced temperature changes, internal variability
... (green), and CMIP5-Full (cyan). Also shown (b) are EBM-simulated series (blue) along with an ensemble of five different realizations (red, orange, blue, green, cyan) of the estimated internal variability contribution [see supporting information for corresponding results based on CMIP5 simulations]. A ...
... (green), and CMIP5-Full (cyan). Also shown (b) are EBM-simulated series (blue) along with an ensemble of five different realizations (red, orange, blue, green, cyan) of the estimated internal variability contribution [see supporting information for corresponding results based on CMIP5 simulations]. A ...
- ResearchOnline@JCU
... 4. In Australia there are current collaborative climate change projects between researchers and indigenous communities, most notably on sea level rise in the Torres Straits (Green 2006a; 2006b; Green et al 2009a) and fire abatement in Western Arnhem Land (Barnsley and NAILSMA 2009). Review of the cu ...
... 4. In Australia there are current collaborative climate change projects between researchers and indigenous communities, most notably on sea level rise in the Torres Straits (Green 2006a; 2006b; Green et al 2009a) and fire abatement in Western Arnhem Land (Barnsley and NAILSMA 2009). Review of the cu ...
Climate Scientists Respond
... cycles should understand that rates of CO2 change are more important than amounts of CO2 change. The processes that buffer changes in ocean chemistry take thousands of years, so ocean chemistry is well buffered against slow changes in atmospheric CO2 content... CO2 can only directly affect carbonate ...
... cycles should understand that rates of CO2 change are more important than amounts of CO2 change. The processes that buffer changes in ocean chemistry take thousands of years, so ocean chemistry is well buffered against slow changes in atmospheric CO2 content... CO2 can only directly affect carbonate ...
How does climate change cause extinction?
... extinctions in the next 100 years. But what will actually cause these extinctions? For example, will it be limited physiological tolerance to high temperatures, changing biotic interactions or other factors? Here, we systematically review the proximate causes of climate-change related extinctions an ...
... extinctions in the next 100 years. But what will actually cause these extinctions? For example, will it be limited physiological tolerance to high temperatures, changing biotic interactions or other factors? Here, we systematically review the proximate causes of climate-change related extinctions an ...
How does climate change cause extinction?
... extinctions in the next 100 years. But what will actually cause these extinctions? For example, will it be limited physiological tolerance to high temperatures, changing biotic interactions or other factors? Here, we systematically review the proximate causes of climate-change related extinctions an ...
... extinctions in the next 100 years. But what will actually cause these extinctions? For example, will it be limited physiological tolerance to high temperatures, changing biotic interactions or other factors? Here, we systematically review the proximate causes of climate-change related extinctions an ...
climate change in cincinnati
... the future. What actions and initiatives can Xavier implement to reduce its carbon footprint? Chapter 9 identifies many ways in which an average local citizen can reduce her/his greenhouse gas emissions. Transportation fuels contribute a large part of our emissions, so Chapter 10 looks at the existi ...
... the future. What actions and initiatives can Xavier implement to reduce its carbon footprint? Chapter 9 identifies many ways in which an average local citizen can reduce her/his greenhouse gas emissions. Transportation fuels contribute a large part of our emissions, so Chapter 10 looks at the existi ...
Climate-Smart Marine Protected Areas
... orientation call or meeting) before embarking on its task. A full-day assessment meeting is then ...
... orientation call or meeting) before embarking on its task. A full-day assessment meeting is then ...
Ensemble modeling, uncertainty and robust predictions
... This article provides an introduction to ensemble modeling and its use in investigating uncertainty about future climate change. The second section provides a brief historical discussion of ensemble modeling. The third section identifies and distinguishes two main types of ensemble study: perturbed- ...
... This article provides an introduction to ensemble modeling and its use in investigating uncertainty about future climate change. The second section provides a brief historical discussion of ensemble modeling. The third section identifies and distinguishes two main types of ensemble study: perturbed- ...
Northern High-Latitude Heat Budget Decomposition and
... and heat budgets (Winton 2006) have been used to identify a number of factors that contribute to the uncertainty, such as model differences in cloud cover, ocean heat transport, sea ice state in the control climate, atmospheric heat transport convergence, surface albedo feedback, and other short wav ...
... and heat budgets (Winton 2006) have been used to identify a number of factors that contribute to the uncertainty, such as model differences in cloud cover, ocean heat transport, sea ice state in the control climate, atmospheric heat transport convergence, surface albedo feedback, and other short wav ...
A Critical Analysis of the Kyoto Protocol using Monte Carlo
... year levels. Using IPCC Special Report Emissions Scenarios (SRES) as a practicable baseline for non-mitigation, three distinct intervention scenarios were constructed from target and observed emissions reductions under the Protocol to investigate their climatic implications against unabated anthropo ...
... year levels. Using IPCC Special Report Emissions Scenarios (SRES) as a practicable baseline for non-mitigation, three distinct intervention scenarios were constructed from target and observed emissions reductions under the Protocol to investigate their climatic implications against unabated anthropo ...
Selecting and Using Climate Change Scenarios for British Columbia
... climate change impact, vulnerability and adaptation analyses. The focus is on British Columbia but much of the content of this report is generally applicable to regional climate change scenarios anywhere, and builds upon the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines for use of scen ...
... climate change impact, vulnerability and adaptation analyses. The focus is on British Columbia but much of the content of this report is generally applicable to regional climate change scenarios anywhere, and builds upon the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines for use of scen ...
Risks of Climate Change on the Singapore
... 2003 to 2012 period is 0.78°C (0.72 to 0.85). But should we prepare for such the relatively small change? The importance is not the mean of the warming but the considerable likelihood of climate change that could trigger extreme natural hazards. The impact and the risk of climate change associated w ...
... 2003 to 2012 period is 0.78°C (0.72 to 0.85). But should we prepare for such the relatively small change? The importance is not the mean of the warming but the considerable likelihood of climate change that could trigger extreme natural hazards. The impact and the risk of climate change associated w ...
Climate change - The Open University
... Thus, writing in 1862, John Tyndall (Figure 6) described the key to our modern understanding of why the Earth's surface is so much warmer than the effective radiating temperature. Tyndall's careful experimental work had established what others only suspected: expressed in modern scientific terms, ce ...
... Thus, writing in 1862, John Tyndall (Figure 6) described the key to our modern understanding of why the Earth's surface is so much warmer than the effective radiating temperature. Tyndall's careful experimental work had established what others only suspected: expressed in modern scientific terms, ce ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.