Climate change - The Open University
... Thus, writing in 1862, John Tyndall (Figure 6) described the key to our modern understanding of why the Earth's surface is so much warmer than the effective radiating temperature. Tyndall's careful experimental work had established what others only suspected: expressed in modern scientific terms, ce ...
... Thus, writing in 1862, John Tyndall (Figure 6) described the key to our modern understanding of why the Earth's surface is so much warmer than the effective radiating temperature. Tyndall's careful experimental work had established what others only suspected: expressed in modern scientific terms, ce ...
COP21 at Paris: What to expect
... Here is what’s new: This year’s INDCs are supposed to be universal. In the previous system (under the 1997 Kyoto Protocol), only the rich countries were responsible for emissions reductions. Now all countries are expected to act, and the “firewall” between richer and poorer countries is being taken ...
... Here is what’s new: This year’s INDCs are supposed to be universal. In the previous system (under the 1997 Kyoto Protocol), only the rich countries were responsible for emissions reductions. Now all countries are expected to act, and the “firewall” between richer and poorer countries is being taken ...
REQUEST FOR CLIMATE SIMULATION LABORATORY
... available that is consistent with this chemistry and includes the effects of ammonia, nitrate, and secondary organic aerosols. This leaves the ChemWG in an ideal position to address and document its immediate goals through a series of control simulations. a) The radiative impact of ozone. After carb ...
... available that is consistent with this chemistry and includes the effects of ammonia, nitrate, and secondary organic aerosols. This leaves the ChemWG in an ideal position to address and document its immediate goals through a series of control simulations. a) The radiative impact of ozone. After carb ...
Science Communication Research
... ! Strategies that scientists can adopt for establishing and maintaining trust among members of the public and policymakers. ! Strategies for identifying and recruiting everyday opinion-‐leaders who are highly skille ...
... ! Strategies that scientists can adopt for establishing and maintaining trust among members of the public and policymakers. ! Strategies for identifying and recruiting everyday opinion-‐leaders who are highly skille ...
urbanization and climate change in small island developing states
... of the most powerful. We ourselves are leading, not only through our politics, but our own actions. We are taking large strides on local adaptation efforts, but we are still walking when we must run. I challenge the thick web of climate finance actors to work with us in building our own capacity, in ...
... of the most powerful. We ourselves are leading, not only through our politics, but our own actions. We are taking large strides on local adaptation efforts, but we are still walking when we must run. I challenge the thick web of climate finance actors to work with us in building our own capacity, in ...
Use of models in detection and attribution of climate change
... also objectively evaluate the ability of climate models to simulate observed climate change, assess the role of external factors versus climate variability in observed climate change, and enable prediction of future climate change that is grounded in changes observed so far.5,6 Before discussing mod ...
... also objectively evaluate the ability of climate models to simulate observed climate change, assess the role of external factors versus climate variability in observed climate change, and enable prediction of future climate change that is grounded in changes observed so far.5,6 Before discussing mod ...
Economic Impacts of Climate Change on Secondary Activities: A
... ozone depletion. Climate change also affects the reproduction, and spatial and seasonal movement of some vectors (such as mosquito) which in turn increases the incidence of vector-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue. There may be re/establishment of malaria in currently malaria free regions. R ...
... ozone depletion. Climate change also affects the reproduction, and spatial and seasonal movement of some vectors (such as mosquito) which in turn increases the incidence of vector-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue. There may be re/establishment of malaria in currently malaria free regions. R ...
Climate change and animal health in Africa
... how this might be influenced by human-associated and other factors (20). Moreover, the size and geographical diversity of sub-Saharan Africa make climate change predictions particularly challenging. Nevertheless, observations show that the African continent is warmer than 20 years ago, with an avera ...
... how this might be influenced by human-associated and other factors (20). Moreover, the size and geographical diversity of sub-Saharan Africa make climate change predictions particularly challenging. Nevertheless, observations show that the African continent is warmer than 20 years ago, with an avera ...
climate change adaptation - India Environment Portal | News
... knowledge-based adjustment to climate changes. For centuries, people have employed flexible systems for foraging and farming, trade, maintaining cultural identity, food security, and protecting genetic diversity using local knowledge and social networks as “bio-cultural refugia” (Barthel et al. 2013 ...
... knowledge-based adjustment to climate changes. For centuries, people have employed flexible systems for foraging and farming, trade, maintaining cultural identity, food security, and protecting genetic diversity using local knowledge and social networks as “bio-cultural refugia” (Barthel et al. 2013 ...
After Paris: Fiscal, Macroeconomic, and Financial Implications of Climate Change
... once the climate system reaches equilibrium (which takes several decades due to gradual heat diffusion in the oceans). Mean projected warming in the absence of mitigation is expected to reach about 3–4°C by 2100. Actual warming may be substantially greater (or less) than projections due to poorly un ...
... once the climate system reaches equilibrium (which takes several decades due to gradual heat diffusion in the oceans). Mean projected warming in the absence of mitigation is expected to reach about 3–4°C by 2100. Actual warming may be substantially greater (or less) than projections due to poorly un ...
Key Developments in CCS- & John Gale General Manager
... Helped get CCS in CDM by addressing issues of concern directly with negotiators UNFCCC ADP TEM and COP Side-Event on CCS Projects (2014) An appreciation in UNFCCC of the reality of large-scale CCS projects IPCC AR5 (2014) see later ...
... Helped get CCS in CDM by addressing issues of concern directly with negotiators UNFCCC ADP TEM and COP Side-Event on CCS Projects (2014) An appreciation in UNFCCC of the reality of large-scale CCS projects IPCC AR5 (2014) see later ...
Understanding Uncertainties in Future Colorado River Streamflow
... mean) for different GCMs across the same A1B emission scenario (left panel) and different emission ...
... mean) for different GCMs across the same A1B emission scenario (left panel) and different emission ...
For Peer Review - Climate Access
... Climate change communication has become a salient topic in science and society. It has grown to be something of a boom industry alongside more established ‘communication enterprises’, such as health communication, risk communication and science communication. This article situates the theory of clim ...
... Climate change communication has become a salient topic in science and society. It has grown to be something of a boom industry alongside more established ‘communication enterprises’, such as health communication, risk communication and science communication. This article situates the theory of clim ...
Present weather and Climate: evolving Conditions
... in the Southwest that have long-term climate records (Figure 5.1, upper panel). Average annual temperature increased 1.6°F (0.9°C) over the Southwest during 1901–2010, with a range of magnitudes from 1.4°F to 2.0°F (+0.8°C to +1.1°C) based on analyses conducted with other data sets (see Appendix). T ...
... in the Southwest that have long-term climate records (Figure 5.1, upper panel). Average annual temperature increased 1.6°F (0.9°C) over the Southwest during 1901–2010, with a range of magnitudes from 1.4°F to 2.0°F (+0.8°C to +1.1°C) based on analyses conducted with other data sets (see Appendix). T ...
Viticultureclimate relationships in Greece: the impacts
... was selected because having too many variables can easily lead to a model that has poor prediction accuracy (due to over-fitting) and is difficult to interpret (Lobell et al ., 2007). The least-squares fitting process was used to fit the line. The computed annual H and B D were used to estimate pot ...
... was selected because having too many variables can easily lead to a model that has poor prediction accuracy (due to over-fitting) and is difficult to interpret (Lobell et al ., 2007). The least-squares fitting process was used to fit the line. The computed annual H and B D were used to estimate pot ...
Positive feedback between future climate change
... Our two estimates of both terrestrial and oceanic carbon uptakes allow us to determine the compatible anthropogenic emissions with and without accounting for the climate change. In the constant climate simulation, in order to sustain a 1%/yr increase in atmospheric CO2 , the compatible emissions hav ...
... Our two estimates of both terrestrial and oceanic carbon uptakes allow us to determine the compatible anthropogenic emissions with and without accounting for the climate change. In the constant climate simulation, in order to sustain a 1%/yr increase in atmospheric CO2 , the compatible emissions hav ...
How will climate change affect mycotoxins in food?
... will apply to mycotoxins in that new ones will be detected in the conventional or alternative crops. One scenario could be of certain mycotoxigenic fungi disappearing from the environment. However, some changes in pathosystems are not related to climate change (Rogers & Randolph, 2006), but the evid ...
... will apply to mycotoxins in that new ones will be detected in the conventional or alternative crops. One scenario could be of certain mycotoxigenic fungi disappearing from the environment. However, some changes in pathosystems are not related to climate change (Rogers & Randolph, 2006), but the evid ...
FOUNDATION PAPER |ONE CLIMATE CHANGE Victoria: the
... individual weather event can be directly linked to climate change. To the contrary, our analysis shows that, for the extreme hot weather of the recent past, there is virtually no explanation other than climate change. James Hansen, Director NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, August 20123 ...
... individual weather event can be directly linked to climate change. To the contrary, our analysis shows that, for the extreme hot weather of the recent past, there is virtually no explanation other than climate change. James Hansen, Director NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, August 20123 ...
BVOCs emission in a semi-arid grassland under climate warming
... bag at 50 ◦ C in consistent-temperature container. We repeated these two processes until consistent concentration was detected in No. 2 bag, which means that the adsorption was saturated. By the same method, different concentrations (176–1763 ppbv) were achieved and the peak area linearly responded ...
... bag at 50 ◦ C in consistent-temperature container. We repeated these two processes until consistent concentration was detected in No. 2 bag, which means that the adsorption was saturated. By the same method, different concentrations (176–1763 ppbv) were achieved and the peak area linearly responded ...
Public perception of cold weather events as evidence for
... Received: 21 January 2013 / Accepted: 6 November 2013 # The Author(s) 2013. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com ...
... Received: 21 January 2013 / Accepted: 6 November 2013 # The Author(s) 2013. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com ...
b) To build capacity to reduce vulnerability to
... 2.2.11 The approach adopted for this project responds to the territories’ needs articulated during the initial consultations noted above. The CCCCC will offer support to the territories within available financial resources and the scope of the project activities and outputs as set out in the logical ...
... 2.2.11 The approach adopted for this project responds to the territories’ needs articulated during the initial consultations noted above. The CCCCC will offer support to the territories within available financial resources and the scope of the project activities and outputs as set out in the logical ...
Impact of climate change on the timing of strawberry phenological
... the most precise and is required in specific cases, using minimum and maximum temperature for approximating the diurnal cycle leads to reasonably good results (Reicosky et al. 1989). In addition, different sine wave methods or triangle methods using the minimum and maximum temperature are both simpl ...
... the most precise and is required in specific cases, using minimum and maximum temperature for approximating the diurnal cycle leads to reasonably good results (Reicosky et al. 1989). In addition, different sine wave methods or triangle methods using the minimum and maximum temperature are both simpl ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.