Climate change impacts in urban coastal
... effort for at least the past 30 years (e.g. Barth and Titus 1984; Broadus et al. 1986). Initially, research was focused on assessing the impacts and risk of sea level rise. Over time, emphasis has shifted from impact and risk assessment to adaptation, and from sea level rise, to considerations of ho ...
... effort for at least the past 30 years (e.g. Barth and Titus 1984; Broadus et al. 1986). Initially, research was focused on assessing the impacts and risk of sea level rise. Over time, emphasis has shifted from impact and risk assessment to adaptation, and from sea level rise, to considerations of ho ...
economics of climate change: sensitivity analysis of social cost
... the difference between social costs and private costs. Most often SCC is expressed in U.S. dollars per one carbon ton. As mentioned in previous section, SCC can be used in defining climate policies. For example, in case of carbon tax, the price per carbon ton can be applied as a tax on fuels. In gov ...
... the difference between social costs and private costs. Most often SCC is expressed in U.S. dollars per one carbon ton. As mentioned in previous section, SCC can be used in defining climate policies. For example, in case of carbon tax, the price per carbon ton can be applied as a tax on fuels. In gov ...
Climate change impacts on crop production in Iran`s Zayandeh
... analysis of climate change effects on the terrestrial ecosystems in China suggests that climate change may have different effects on water use efficiency in farm lands in southern regions, and improved water use efficiency can be seen in forest areas, and high latitude and altitude (Zhu et al., 2011). ...
... analysis of climate change effects on the terrestrial ecosystems in China suggests that climate change may have different effects on water use efficiency in farm lands in southern regions, and improved water use efficiency can be seen in forest areas, and high latitude and altitude (Zhu et al., 2011). ...
Communicating climate change: conduits, content
... climate change coverage increased in all countries between 1996 and 2010, although there were significant differences between countries in the extent of growth and media attention.26 However, since this period there have been signs of these trends reversing, with late 2009 marking a peak in print med ...
... climate change coverage increased in all countries between 1996 and 2010, although there were significant differences between countries in the extent of growth and media attention.26 However, since this period there have been signs of these trends reversing, with late 2009 marking a peak in print med ...
Articulating Climate Justice in Copenhagen: Antagonism, the
... 2010). Swyngedouw goes as far as to argue that “the environmental question in general, and the climate change argument and how it is publicly staged in particular, has been and continues to be one of the markers through which post-politicization is wrought” (Swyngedouw 2010:216). There are, however, ...
... 2010). Swyngedouw goes as far as to argue that “the environmental question in general, and the climate change argument and how it is publicly staged in particular, has been and continues to be one of the markers through which post-politicization is wrought” (Swyngedouw 2010:216). There are, however, ...
11.2MB - Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
... ... however, RECOGNISES that recent scientific research and work under the IPCC indicates that it is unlikely that stabilisation of greenhouse gas concentrations above 550 ppmv CO2 equivalent would be consistent with meeting the 2°C long-term objective ... ... and that in order to have a reasonable ...
... ... however, RECOGNISES that recent scientific research and work under the IPCC indicates that it is unlikely that stabilisation of greenhouse gas concentrations above 550 ppmv CO2 equivalent would be consistent with meeting the 2°C long-term objective ... ... and that in order to have a reasonable ...
Insights from the ocean carbon cycle
... The response of marine physical and biogeochemical variables to ENSO is quantified by a composite analysis based on monthly data. (Note that an analysis based on seasonal or annual averages provides comparable results.) The composites for El Niño and for each climatic period are computed by averagin ...
... The response of marine physical and biogeochemical variables to ENSO is quantified by a composite analysis based on monthly data. (Note that an analysis based on seasonal or annual averages provides comparable results.) The composites for El Niño and for each climatic period are computed by averagin ...
Biomes_Notes_from_Online-Long_Version
... that change the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere and land surface. The debate about global warming and climate change centers on these factors. Some people think that climate change is caused by natural processes and is cyclical. Others think that human activities (for example, burning fossil f ...
... that change the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere and land surface. The debate about global warming and climate change centers on these factors. Some people think that climate change is caused by natural processes and is cyclical. Others think that human activities (for example, burning fossil f ...
published in Global Environmental Change in 2011
... Part of the observed heterogeneity in public attitudes to climate change appears to relate to the diversity of media and interpersonal sources (Whitmarsh, 2009b). Yet, social psychological studies of persuasion and learning, and the risk literature, highlight that the same information may be proces ...
... Part of the observed heterogeneity in public attitudes to climate change appears to relate to the diversity of media and interpersonal sources (Whitmarsh, 2009b). Yet, social psychological studies of persuasion and learning, and the risk literature, highlight that the same information may be proces ...
Climate variability over the last 2000 years
... years (e.g., Mann and Jones, 2003; Moberg et al., 2005). However, the association between change in temperature and change in atmospheric circulation under natural conditions has not been examined as vigorously. This association is perhaps most critical to investigate in the polar latitudes, where f ...
... years (e.g., Mann and Jones, 2003; Moberg et al., 2005). However, the association between change in temperature and change in atmospheric circulation under natural conditions has not been examined as vigorously. This association is perhaps most critical to investigate in the polar latitudes, where f ...
10 IISD (17 March 2016):Arctic Council Addresses
... scientific and socio-ecological research and are based on rechecks and caution.15 In this context there was a remarkable “social turn” in the latest IPCC-assessment report which stressed, for example, “globalisation” as an aggravating factor for climate change in arctic societies: “In addition, ther ...
... scientific and socio-ecological research and are based on rechecks and caution.15 In this context there was a remarkable “social turn” in the latest IPCC-assessment report which stressed, for example, “globalisation” as an aggravating factor for climate change in arctic societies: “In addition, ther ...
Climate Change Adaptation Plan
... The Adaptation Action Plan (see Table 1) is the main outcome of the Climate Change Adaptation project. This framework presents the key issues identified by the community that may result from climate change. Impacts may be perceived as positive and/or negative. For example, the increased presence of ...
... The Adaptation Action Plan (see Table 1) is the main outcome of the Climate Change Adaptation project. This framework presents the key issues identified by the community that may result from climate change. Impacts may be perceived as positive and/or negative. For example, the increased presence of ...
Challenges of a Sustained Climate Observing System
... has changed as models have improved and the need to correct biases has grown. Climate change must discern relatively small changes over time, which calls for both stability and calibrated measurements of high accuracy. Knowing how the measurements of 20 or 50 years ago relate to those of today is ve ...
... has changed as models have improved and the need to correct biases has grown. Climate change must discern relatively small changes over time, which calls for both stability and calibrated measurements of high accuracy. Knowing how the measurements of 20 or 50 years ago relate to those of today is ve ...
Addressing Climate Change through a Risk Management Lens
... Although climate change is a long‐term problem that will require sustained policy action for a century or longer, it is unlikely that we will be able to set climate policy today for the entire 21st century. Many uncertainties are so profound that they will not be resolved soon and, in some cases, ...
... Although climate change is a long‐term problem that will require sustained policy action for a century or longer, it is unlikely that we will be able to set climate policy today for the entire 21st century. Many uncertainties are so profound that they will not be resolved soon and, in some cases, ...
Greater temperature sensitivity of plant phenology at colder sites
... across species0 ranges can thus help improve predictions of the cumulative responses of high-latitude ecosystems, and associated ecosystem services, to climate change. In this study, we investigate the variation in phenological responses to warmer temperatures among sites along a climatic gradient i ...
... across species0 ranges can thus help improve predictions of the cumulative responses of high-latitude ecosystems, and associated ecosystem services, to climate change. In this study, we investigate the variation in phenological responses to warmer temperatures among sites along a climatic gradient i ...
On the moral differences between mitigation and adaptation
... Adaptation involves allocating resources which have been raised from burdenͲtakers, whereas in the mitigation case the relevant questions are more or less exhausted by emissions cuts or other GHG reducing action. It is true that different ways of cutting down ...
... Adaptation involves allocating resources which have been raised from burdenͲtakers, whereas in the mitigation case the relevant questions are more or less exhausted by emissions cuts or other GHG reducing action. It is true that different ways of cutting down ...
Media Attention for Climate Change around the World: Data
... Abstract Climate change is a global phenomenon, and its outcomes affect societies around the world. So far, however, studies on media representations of climate change have mostly concentrated on Western societies. This paper will go beyond this limited geographical scope by presenting ...
... Abstract Climate change is a global phenomenon, and its outcomes affect societies around the world. So far, however, studies on media representations of climate change have mostly concentrated on Western societies. This paper will go beyond this limited geographical scope by presenting ...
2.0 air quality, climate and climate change
... “The Arctic is now experiencing some of the most rapid and severe climate change on Earth. Over the next 100 years, climate change is expected to accelerate, contributing to major physical, ecological, social and economic changes, many of which have already begun. Changes in arctic climate will also ...
... “The Arctic is now experiencing some of the most rapid and severe climate change on Earth. Over the next 100 years, climate change is expected to accelerate, contributing to major physical, ecological, social and economic changes, many of which have already begun. Changes in arctic climate will also ...
Climate change - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
... Part 3: Annexes - TRAINING GUIDE - GENDER AND CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH IN AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT, CCAFS & FAO, 2012 WWW.FAO.ORG/CLIMATECHANGE/MICCA/GENDER/EN ...
... Part 3: Annexes - TRAINING GUIDE - GENDER AND CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH IN AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT, CCAFS & FAO, 2012 WWW.FAO.ORG/CLIMATECHANGE/MICCA/GENDER/EN ...
W How to Take A R T I C L E S
... warming up in the atmosphere. The confidence in the primacy of human causation has increased steadily since the 1980s, when human-caused climate change first became a widespread concern.13 Average global temperatures have risen about 1.5 °F since 1900, and some portions of the United States have war ...
... warming up in the atmosphere. The confidence in the primacy of human causation has increased steadily since the 1980s, when human-caused climate change first became a widespread concern.13 Average global temperatures have risen about 1.5 °F since 1900, and some portions of the United States have war ...
MRED 2001 research
... special climate systems (Zhang 1983). The biomes on the Tibetan Plateau are special (Zhang 1983). The reason is that the plateau biomes are not completely tundra and ice, as simulated by some global models, eg, TEM (Melillo et al 1993; Xiao et al 1998), BIOME1 (Prentice et al 1992), and BIOME3 (Haxe ...
... special climate systems (Zhang 1983). The biomes on the Tibetan Plateau are special (Zhang 1983). The reason is that the plateau biomes are not completely tundra and ice, as simulated by some global models, eg, TEM (Melillo et al 1993; Xiao et al 1998), BIOME1 (Prentice et al 1992), and BIOME3 (Haxe ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.