A blind expert test of contrarian claims about climate data
... representative of contrarian discourse: nearly two-thirds of all mentions of temperature on the three top contrarian blogs included a claim of ‘‘cooling’’; and likewise more than a quarter of all mentions of arctic ice alluded to its ‘‘recovery’’, and so on. Those numbers represent a lower bound on ...
... representative of contrarian discourse: nearly two-thirds of all mentions of temperature on the three top contrarian blogs included a claim of ‘‘cooling’’; and likewise more than a quarter of all mentions of arctic ice alluded to its ‘‘recovery’’, and so on. Those numbers represent a lower bound on ...
International Climate Policy, National Positions, and Their Domestic
... based on a lobby’s comparative advantage and ancillary resources. Chaudoin and Urpelainen qualify their theory with examples that illustrate the strategic choices in a context in which interest groups compete for scarce resources. For instance, in the framework of the Kyoto Protocol they refer to so ...
... based on a lobby’s comparative advantage and ancillary resources. Chaudoin and Urpelainen qualify their theory with examples that illustrate the strategic choices in a context in which interest groups compete for scarce resources. For instance, in the framework of the Kyoto Protocol they refer to so ...
The Role of Climate Change in the Egyptian Revolution
... be renewable, they are being degraded too quickly and are unable to be renewed as their definition implies. This sort of environmental scarcity, caused by the inability of renewable resources to be renewed, “helps generate chronic, diffuse, subnational violence.”14 Jon Barnett and W. Neil Adger are ...
... be renewable, they are being degraded too quickly and are unable to be renewed as their definition implies. This sort of environmental scarcity, caused by the inability of renewable resources to be renewed, “helps generate chronic, diffuse, subnational violence.”14 Jon Barnett and W. Neil Adger are ...
Double exposure: assessing the impacts of climate change within
... considered agricultural interactions with other economic sectors, or structural economic changes that might in#uence agricultural production, even in the absence of climate change. Reilly et al. (1994) do note, however, that economic restructuring could intensify the e!ects of climate change through ...
... considered agricultural interactions with other economic sectors, or structural economic changes that might in#uence agricultural production, even in the absence of climate change. Reilly et al. (1994) do note, however, that economic restructuring could intensify the e!ects of climate change through ...
Impact of climate change on marine and coastal
... The societies in the south and the east of the Mediterranean and their environment are highly vulnerable to climate change for natural reasons (lack of water), because of their lifestyle and developments concentrated along the coast. These emerging countries are all the more vulnerable as they are n ...
... The societies in the south and the east of the Mediterranean and their environment are highly vulnerable to climate change for natural reasons (lack of water), because of their lifestyle and developments concentrated along the coast. These emerging countries are all the more vulnerable as they are n ...
The Paris Agreement global goals: What does a fair share for G20
... economic challenge and current national pledges are insufficient to stay below this limit. However, this 2 °C threshold may be inadequate to avoid dangerous global warming impacts. Indeed, climate impacts are distributed unevenly around the globe and affect vulnerable countries the most. Even a 2 °C ...
... economic challenge and current national pledges are insufficient to stay below this limit. However, this 2 °C threshold may be inadequate to avoid dangerous global warming impacts. Indeed, climate impacts are distributed unevenly around the globe and affect vulnerable countries the most. Even a 2 °C ...
Biogeosciences
... The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN v2.1; Guenther et al., 2012) incorporates recent advances in the understanding of the processes controlling biogenic emissions (e.g., solar radiation, temperature, soil moisture, carbon dioxide concentration, vegetation type, leaf age, ...
... The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN v2.1; Guenther et al., 2012) incorporates recent advances in the understanding of the processes controlling biogenic emissions (e.g., solar radiation, temperature, soil moisture, carbon dioxide concentration, vegetation type, leaf age, ...
Policy makers lament women`s vulnerablity to HIV infection, yet for
... Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC). We agreed that the climate system was warming unequivocally and that, if current rates of greenhouse gas emissions from human activity continue, the world would see further warming, accompanied by more extreme weather and sea level rise, and risks of ...
... Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC). We agreed that the climate system was warming unequivocally and that, if current rates of greenhouse gas emissions from human activity continue, the world would see further warming, accompanied by more extreme weather and sea level rise, and risks of ...
Impacts of climate and land-use changes on floods in an urban
... 100-year flood may become once in 20- or 50-year flood events in some areas, while the one in 20-year event may become one in 100-year in others (Leander et al., 2008). Consequently, the current infrastructure and storm drainage systems may be inadequate in the future. Whilst stakeholders are aware ...
... 100-year flood may become once in 20- or 50-year flood events in some areas, while the one in 20-year event may become one in 100-year in others (Leander et al., 2008). Consequently, the current infrastructure and storm drainage systems may be inadequate in the future. Whilst stakeholders are aware ...
Forest Processes and Global Environmental Change: Predicting the
... Nitrogen deposition and ozone. Increased atmospheric CO2 is one important consequence of human activity, and the direct physiological effects and indirect climatic effects of this increase are the focus of current assessment activities. However, human activity is also altering the biogeochemistry of ...
... Nitrogen deposition and ozone. Increased atmospheric CO2 is one important consequence of human activity, and the direct physiological effects and indirect climatic effects of this increase are the focus of current assessment activities. However, human activity is also altering the biogeochemistry of ...
Fall 2014
... carbon from the atmosphere and the majority of its uptake of heat. Second, models indicate that upwelling in the Southern Ocean delivers nutrients to lower latitude surface waters that are critical to ocean ecosystems around the world. Third, the impacts of ocean acidification from rising CO2 are pr ...
... carbon from the atmosphere and the majority of its uptake of heat. Second, models indicate that upwelling in the Southern Ocean delivers nutrients to lower latitude surface waters that are critical to ocean ecosystems around the world. Third, the impacts of ocean acidification from rising CO2 are pr ...
Making Climate Data Relevant to Decision Making: The important
... Throughout the world, there is a major need for climate change science to inform on-the-ground adaptation planning. However, a major gap exists between the well-developed state of climate science and decision-makers preparing for a future climate. There is no shortage of scientific data that has bee ...
... Throughout the world, there is a major need for climate change science to inform on-the-ground adaptation planning. However, a major gap exists between the well-developed state of climate science and decision-makers preparing for a future climate. There is no shortage of scientific data that has bee ...
NF3, the greenhouse gas missing from Kyoto
... data, we estimate 2008 production to be about 4,000 tons, with a likely range of ±25%. Planned expansion could double this by 2010. [3] The published global warming potentials (GWP) of NF3 are 12,300, 17,200 and 20,700 for time horizons of 20, 100, and 500 years, respectively [Forster et al., 2007]. ...
... data, we estimate 2008 production to be about 4,000 tons, with a likely range of ±25%. Planned expansion could double this by 2010. [3] The published global warming potentials (GWP) of NF3 are 12,300, 17,200 and 20,700 for time horizons of 20, 100, and 500 years, respectively [Forster et al., 2007]. ...
Curriculum Vitae - Center for Research on Environmental
... David J Hardisty, Ben Orlove; David H Krantz; et al. About time: An integrative approach to effective environmental policy. Global Environmental Change. 22(3): ...
... David J Hardisty, Ben Orlove; David H Krantz; et al. About time: An integrative approach to effective environmental policy. Global Environmental Change. 22(3): ...
Gender perspectives on climate change
... There are several indices that attempt to calculate a country’s social vulnerability to climate change and natural hazards (e.g. Prevalent Vulnerability Index, National Adaptive Capacity Index, Predicative Indicators of Vulnerability, and Socioeconomic Disaster Risk Index), yet according to a compar ...
... There are several indices that attempt to calculate a country’s social vulnerability to climate change and natural hazards (e.g. Prevalent Vulnerability Index, National Adaptive Capacity Index, Predicative Indicators of Vulnerability, and Socioeconomic Disaster Risk Index), yet according to a compar ...
a study commissioned by Sitra
... The speed and consensus reached on the Paris Agreement is a great example of positive action on a global scale, but the Agreement has only defined the overarching framework for dealing with climate change, now and in the future. Alone it will not solve the problem, and nations now have the task of f ...
... The speed and consensus reached on the Paris Agreement is a great example of positive action on a global scale, but the Agreement has only defined the overarching framework for dealing with climate change, now and in the future. Alone it will not solve the problem, and nations now have the task of f ...
FOR PARTICIPANTS ONLY MPDD/CSN/HLAPPD/APOA/2013 ENGLISH ONLY
... international, regional and subregional organizations, to speed up further the implementation of the specific actions in the five priorities agreed upon in the Almaty Programme of Action (APoA) and those contained in the declaration on the midterm review of the APoA, in a better coordinated manner, ...
... international, regional and subregional organizations, to speed up further the implementation of the specific actions in the five priorities agreed upon in the Almaty Programme of Action (APoA) and those contained in the declaration on the midterm review of the APoA, in a better coordinated manner, ...
Adapting to a changing climate
... species, ecosystems and natural processes. This is consistent with conservation management’s focus on the negative impacts on native biodiversity. This framework also identifies positive benefits to native biodiversity from climate change. An up-to-date review of the likely and possible impacts of p ...
... species, ecosystems and natural processes. This is consistent with conservation management’s focus on the negative impacts on native biodiversity. This framework also identifies positive benefits to native biodiversity from climate change. An up-to-date review of the likely and possible impacts of p ...
Global Climate Change and Wetlands: Issues and Awareness by
... changes are the result of anthropogenic activities . It is important to assess to the best of our ability to what extent such changes are natural and/or anthropogenic - as this will shape how society will deal with the issue. For example, if it were assumed that global change is a cyclical phenomena ...
... changes are the result of anthropogenic activities . It is important to assess to the best of our ability to what extent such changes are natural and/or anthropogenic - as this will shape how society will deal with the issue. For example, if it were assumed that global change is a cyclical phenomena ...
LCCARL263_en.pdf
... changes in climate would eventually lead to a loss in welfare, and that that loss would be disproportionately spread across the various regions of the world. Temperature is considered to be the most important climate variable in the analysis of tourism demand because, outside a certain range, it aff ...
... changes in climate would eventually lead to a loss in welfare, and that that loss would be disproportionately spread across the various regions of the world. Temperature is considered to be the most important climate variable in the analysis of tourism demand because, outside a certain range, it aff ...
PHYS575 Syllabus - Atmospheric Physics 1
... discussed in the lectures, but a fair degree of latitude will be allowed in the students’ choice. I will be glad to help students pick a topic, to narrow its focus, and to help find reference materials. Students are encouraged to choose a topic that fascinates them and to begin working on their ...
... discussed in the lectures, but a fair degree of latitude will be allowed in the students’ choice. I will be glad to help students pick a topic, to narrow its focus, and to help find reference materials. Students are encouraged to choose a topic that fascinates them and to begin working on their ...
Applying Risk Informed Decision-Making Framework for Climate
... is developing the watershed plan that will provide the comprehensive strategy to guide the West Maui R2R Initiative. On the national stage, climate change has become of key focus for USACE Civil Works program. The Institute of Water Resources (IWR) established the Response to Climate Change (RCC) Pr ...
... is developing the watershed plan that will provide the comprehensive strategy to guide the West Maui R2R Initiative. On the national stage, climate change has become of key focus for USACE Civil Works program. The Institute of Water Resources (IWR) established the Response to Climate Change (RCC) Pr ...
Bronze Age Review - ePrints Soton
... These can be compared with periodicities in other proxy data such as 210, 400, 512 and 550, 1000 and 1600 years in tree rings and ocean core-data (Chapman and Shackleton, 2000; Raspopov et al., 2001). Taking the major studies together (Figure 1b) it can be seen that there is a large degree of agreem ...
... These can be compared with periodicities in other proxy data such as 210, 400, 512 and 550, 1000 and 1600 years in tree rings and ocean core-data (Chapman and Shackleton, 2000; Raspopov et al., 2001). Taking the major studies together (Figure 1b) it can be seen that there is a large degree of agreem ...
Abrupt climate change: can society cope?
... Direction. All the IPCC scenarios contain basically unidirectional curves of climate change, at least at global and large-regional scales.† A non-standard abrupt scenario therefore could be when the direction of climate change alters in a sustained manner, for example, when climate substantially war ...
... Direction. All the IPCC scenarios contain basically unidirectional curves of climate change, at least at global and large-regional scales.† A non-standard abrupt scenario therefore could be when the direction of climate change alters in a sustained manner, for example, when climate substantially war ...
... flourished (24–28). These latter studies have not only better revealed the mechanisms underlying the physiological responses of organisms to thermal stress but have also provided metrics of stress levels under field conditions (24, 26–39). Meta-analyses of pattern in nature and studies conducted at ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.