Abrupt climate change: can society cope?
... Direction. All the IPCC scenarios contain basically unidirectional curves of climate change, at least at global and large-regional scales.† A non-standard abrupt scenario therefore could be when the direction of climate change alters in a sustained manner, for example, when climate substantially war ...
... Direction. All the IPCC scenarios contain basically unidirectional curves of climate change, at least at global and large-regional scales.† A non-standard abrupt scenario therefore could be when the direction of climate change alters in a sustained manner, for example, when climate substantially war ...
Environmental Threats in Cold Deserts
... geomorphic processes such as mass movements: landslides, rockslides, rockfalls, avalanches, surface collapses etc. Landslides, subsidence and similar hazards can at times be predicted and the impact reduced or even averted with scientific systematic studies and adoption of appropriate remedial measu ...
... geomorphic processes such as mass movements: landslides, rockslides, rockfalls, avalanches, surface collapses etc. Landslides, subsidence and similar hazards can at times be predicted and the impact reduced or even averted with scientific systematic studies and adoption of appropriate remedial measu ...
Lost in the problem: the role of boundary organisations in the
... ‘quality boundary work’ are met is near impossible since the detailed data needed do not (yet) exist. Second, even if data limitations were less serious, any criteria and conditions for ‘good’ boundary work can only be very broadly specified because successful boundary organisations have adjusted to ...
... ‘quality boundary work’ are met is near impossible since the detailed data needed do not (yet) exist. Second, even if data limitations were less serious, any criteria and conditions for ‘good’ boundary work can only be very broadly specified because successful boundary organisations have adjusted to ...
... flourished (24–28). These latter studies have not only better revealed the mechanisms underlying the physiological responses of organisms to thermal stress but have also provided metrics of stress levels under field conditions (24, 26–39). Meta-analyses of pattern in nature and studies conducted at ...
18_Lecture_Presentation_PC
... on wildlife, ecosystems, and human societies Discussed strategies to pursue in response to climate ...
... on wildlife, ecosystems, and human societies Discussed strategies to pursue in response to climate ...
Climate Change and Security
... from the individual to the international level (EU 2008a). There are a variety of studies categorising and analysing the different channels, pathways and linkages between climate change and insecurity.1 A key difficulty is the use of the term ‘security’: Depending on its context and use, it may deno ...
... from the individual to the international level (EU 2008a). There are a variety of studies categorising and analysing the different channels, pathways and linkages between climate change and insecurity.1 A key difficulty is the use of the term ‘security’: Depending on its context and use, it may deno ...
The Need for (and Obstacles to) Regional Collective Action in Climate Adaptation
... Most adaptation work has focused on national rather than regional or global resilience to the threats of climate change (and has emphasized planning more than action). For example, all 45 NAPAs filed through the end of 2010 have focused on steps that might be taken at the national level to adapt to ...
... Most adaptation work has focused on national rather than regional or global resilience to the threats of climate change (and has emphasized planning more than action). For example, all 45 NAPAs filed through the end of 2010 have focused on steps that might be taken at the national level to adapt to ...
The Potential Impact of Climate Change on Soil Properties
... Methane is another part of the C cycle associated with soils. Agriculture accounts for about 47% of annual global anthropogenic emissions of CH4 [32]; the main anthropogenic source of soil-derived methane is rice (Oryza sativa) production [33,34]. Different vegetation growing on the same soil will c ...
... Methane is another part of the C cycle associated with soils. Agriculture accounts for about 47% of annual global anthropogenic emissions of CH4 [32]; the main anthropogenic source of soil-derived methane is rice (Oryza sativa) production [33,34]. Different vegetation growing on the same soil will c ...
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment and
... and extreme precipitation can impact public assets, including transportation, water supply, waste water, and stormwater management systems, as well as coastal resiliency and public safety. In 2007, the City pledged to minimize its impact on climate change by signing the U.S. Mayor’s Climate Protecti ...
... and extreme precipitation can impact public assets, including transportation, water supply, waste water, and stormwater management systems, as well as coastal resiliency and public safety. In 2007, the City pledged to minimize its impact on climate change by signing the U.S. Mayor’s Climate Protecti ...
State of the Jamaican Climate 2012:Information for
... to years and decades. Climate is important because it controls many things even without one’s realizing it. This is especially true for Jamaica, where life in part revolves around whether it is wet or dry or whether it is hot or cool. There is an intimate and undeniable link between day-to-day life ...
... to years and decades. Climate is important because it controls many things even without one’s realizing it. This is especially true for Jamaica, where life in part revolves around whether it is wet or dry or whether it is hot or cool. There is an intimate and undeniable link between day-to-day life ...
Climate change profile - SPC Climate Change Projects
... Development management capacity is limited, and governance systems are underdeveloped. However they do indicate reform initiatives have been undertaken in recent years to improve fiscal prudence, economic stability, and to support sustainable growth; including reform of state specific financial mana ...
... Development management capacity is limited, and governance systems are underdeveloped. However they do indicate reform initiatives have been undertaken in recent years to improve fiscal prudence, economic stability, and to support sustainable growth; including reform of state specific financial mana ...
... limate change profoundly affects the natural and social environment. For example, changes in seasonal to interannual climate strongly affect agricultural production, the quantity and quality of water resources, and resources coming from land and marine ecosystems. IPCC (2007b) indicates several key ...
Costs of Climate Policy when Pollution Affects Health and Labour
... Tolley et al., 1994) or as a capital stock in the utility function (Aronsson et al., 1994). This approach is constrained on the empirical level by the well-known difficulty of measuring and valuing human health. It is difficult to measure a positive value for “normal” health status in accounting ter ...
... Tolley et al., 1994) or as a capital stock in the utility function (Aronsson et al., 1994). This approach is constrained on the empirical level by the well-known difficulty of measuring and valuing human health. It is difficult to measure a positive value for “normal” health status in accounting ter ...
Trend Analysis of the Mean Annual Temperature in
... Climate change and global warming are widely recognized as the most significant environmental dilemma the world is experiencing today. Recent studies have shown that the Earth’s surface air temperature has increased by 0.6˚C - 0.8˚C during the 20th century, along with changes in the hydrological cyc ...
... Climate change and global warming are widely recognized as the most significant environmental dilemma the world is experiencing today. Recent studies have shown that the Earth’s surface air temperature has increased by 0.6˚C - 0.8˚C during the 20th century, along with changes in the hydrological cyc ...
Target Atmospheric CO2: Where Should Humanity Aim?
... Ocean-caused delay is estimated in Fig. (S7) using a coupled atmosphere-ocean model. Onethird of the response occurs in the first few years, in part because of rapid response over land, one-half in ~25 years, three-quarters in 250 years, and nearly full response in a millennium. The ocean-caused del ...
... Ocean-caused delay is estimated in Fig. (S7) using a coupled atmosphere-ocean model. Onethird of the response occurs in the first few years, in part because of rapid response over land, one-half in ~25 years, three-quarters in 250 years, and nearly full response in a millennium. The ocean-caused del ...
WP83: The emerging geographies of climate justice
... environmental justice research have also expanded from toxic waste and hazards, to different types of local problems as well as global environmental issues (Walker and Bulkeley 2006). The way environmental justice is conceptualised contains embedded notions of the scale of the problem and the geogra ...
... environmental justice research have also expanded from toxic waste and hazards, to different types of local problems as well as global environmental issues (Walker and Bulkeley 2006). The way environmental justice is conceptualised contains embedded notions of the scale of the problem and the geogra ...
Osman-Elasha_IPCC_5AR_Adaptation needs
... Africa Specific Findings (3) Despite implementation limitations, Africa’s adaptation experiences nonetheless highlight valuable lessons for enhancing and scaling up the adaptation response, including principles for good practice and integrated approaches to adaptation (high confidence). Strengthe ...
... Africa Specific Findings (3) Despite implementation limitations, Africa’s adaptation experiences nonetheless highlight valuable lessons for enhancing and scaling up the adaptation response, including principles for good practice and integrated approaches to adaptation (high confidence). Strengthe ...
Climate-driven expansion of blanket bogs in Britain during the
... Ireland also pointed to land use as a principal cause of paludification (Huang, 2002). However, a number of authors have suggested the initiation of blanket bogs at specific locations solely as a result of a climatic shift during the mid Holocene “Atlantic” period in Scotland (Ellis and Tallis, 2000 ...
... Ireland also pointed to land use as a principal cause of paludification (Huang, 2002). However, a number of authors have suggested the initiation of blanket bogs at specific locations solely as a result of a climatic shift during the mid Holocene “Atlantic” period in Scotland (Ellis and Tallis, 2000 ...
Mirrors and Mazes: A guide through the climate debate – ANZEC
... by world-famous institutions like the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration of the USA. And this steady sea level rise not surprisingly was also evident from the nearby HMAS Creswell tide gauge in Jervis Bay and regional tide gauges in New Zealand. Being surprised, I corresponded with a senior ...
... by world-famous institutions like the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration of the USA. And this steady sea level rise not surprisingly was also evident from the nearby HMAS Creswell tide gauge in Jervis Bay and regional tide gauges in New Zealand. Being surprised, I corresponded with a senior ...
Long-term grazing exclusion did not provide adequate soil carbon
... The development of carbon markets and credits under the Kyoto protocol emphasize the need for enhanced carbon storage in northern Kenyan rangelands for climate change mitigation and local livelihoods diversification. However, to qualify for carbon credits, carbon markets are requiring additional car ...
... The development of carbon markets and credits under the Kyoto protocol emphasize the need for enhanced carbon storage in northern Kenyan rangelands for climate change mitigation and local livelihoods diversification. However, to qualify for carbon credits, carbon markets are requiring additional car ...
Climate and Atmosphere-- United States
... of cement. These estimates do not include bunker fuels used in international transportation due to the difficulty of apportioning these fuels among the countries benefiting from that transport. Carbon dioxide emissions are often calculated and reported in terms of their content of elemental carbon. ...
... of cement. These estimates do not include bunker fuels used in international transportation due to the difficulty of apportioning these fuels among the countries benefiting from that transport. Carbon dioxide emissions are often calculated and reported in terms of their content of elemental carbon. ...
Reef-Guardians-2016-Year-10-Climate-change
... Gases in the Earth’s atmosphere trap some of the sun’s energy that would otherwise be radiated back into space. This is called the greenhouse effect. This effect keeps the Earth at a temperature suitable for life. Climate change results from an enhanced greenhouse effect. Increased levels of greenho ...
... Gases in the Earth’s atmosphere trap some of the sun’s energy that would otherwise be radiated back into space. This is called the greenhouse effect. This effect keeps the Earth at a temperature suitable for life. Climate change results from an enhanced greenhouse effect. Increased levels of greenho ...
Senate Inquiry into the Kyoto Protocol
... and stress on plantations, forests and ecosystems. There is also potential for some beneficial effects, including reduced frost damage and higher growth rates for plants due to higher concentrations of carbon dioxide in the air. However, little is currently known about climate at a regional level th ...
... and stress on plantations, forests and ecosystems. There is also potential for some beneficial effects, including reduced frost damage and higher growth rates for plants due to higher concentrations of carbon dioxide in the air. However, little is currently known about climate at a regional level th ...
Adaptation to Climate Change
... and future generations. Without urgent and concerted action, it will damage fragile ecosystems, impede development efforts, increase risks to public health, frustrate poverty alleviation programs, and force large-scale migration from wateror food-scarce regions. The environmental, economic, and soci ...
... and future generations. Without urgent and concerted action, it will damage fragile ecosystems, impede development efforts, increase risks to public health, frustrate poverty alleviation programs, and force large-scale migration from wateror food-scarce regions. The environmental, economic, and soci ...
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE LIMITED
... from the sea, adopting in-house energy systems, recycling. Similarly, Emmanuel and Spence (2009), estimates that in 1996 total water demand by hotels, ships and golf courses in Barbados was 2,569,000 cubic metres, approximately one sixth of total domestic water consumption in Barbados. It is project ...
... from the sea, adopting in-house energy systems, recycling. Similarly, Emmanuel and Spence (2009), estimates that in 1996 total water demand by hotels, ships and golf courses in Barbados was 2,569,000 cubic metres, approximately one sixth of total domestic water consumption in Barbados. It is project ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.