Climate Change and the Economy: Expected Impacts and Their
... Providing adequate water supplies will be one of greatest challenges for the United States in a warming climate. Precipitation is coming in heavier downpours, and there are longer dry periods in between. This leads to alternating periods of drought and excessive wetness that will present problems in ...
... Providing adequate water supplies will be one of greatest challenges for the United States in a warming climate. Precipitation is coming in heavier downpours, and there are longer dry periods in between. This leads to alternating periods of drought and excessive wetness that will present problems in ...
who left carbon footprints in my greenhouse?
... Aqua satellite during July 2009. The image shows large-scale patterns of carbon dioxide concentrations that are transported around Earth by the general circulation of the atmosphere. Dark blue corresponds to a concentration of 382 parts per million and dark red corresponds to a concentration of almo ...
... Aqua satellite during July 2009. The image shows large-scale patterns of carbon dioxide concentrations that are transported around Earth by the general circulation of the atmosphere. Dark blue corresponds to a concentration of 382 parts per million and dark red corresponds to a concentration of almo ...
Arctic Biodiversity - Harvard Life Sciences Outreach Program
... • “Specialist predators [like the snowy owl and arctic fox] depend on a high density of of prey [lemmings] in the spring to breed successfully.” • “Models of climate change predict that winters in the Arctic will become considerably warmer and more variable . . . .” Ims, Rolf A., Eva Fuglei. Trophic ...
... • “Specialist predators [like the snowy owl and arctic fox] depend on a high density of of prey [lemmings] in the spring to breed successfully.” • “Models of climate change predict that winters in the Arctic will become considerably warmer and more variable . . . .” Ims, Rolf A., Eva Fuglei. Trophic ...
NCEP’s Climate Forecast System as a National Model Dr. Louis W. Uccellini
... There are 2 other scientists and 1 other PhD student who are planning to begin work with CFS before the end of this year. Several other COLA scientists have examined the CFS hindcasts or CMIP simulations in their work. ...
... There are 2 other scientists and 1 other PhD student who are planning to begin work with CFS before the end of this year. Several other COLA scientists have examined the CFS hindcasts or CMIP simulations in their work. ...
Direct and Indirect Effects of Climate Change on Amphibian
... osmosis and water loss through evaporation, also heavily influences amphibian physiology and behavior. Most amphibian species have highly vascularized permeable skin, which acts as an osmoregulatory and respiratory organ. With the exception of a few “watertight” species, water moves freely across th ...
... osmosis and water loss through evaporation, also heavily influences amphibian physiology and behavior. Most amphibian species have highly vascularized permeable skin, which acts as an osmoregulatory and respiratory organ. With the exception of a few “watertight” species, water moves freely across th ...
The potential impacts of climate change on the mid
... (MAC) region of the United States. In order of increasing uncertainty, it is projected that sea level, temperature and streamflow will increase in the MAC region in response to higher levels of atmospheric CO2. A case study for Delaware based on digital elevation models suggests that, by the end of ...
... (MAC) region of the United States. In order of increasing uncertainty, it is projected that sea level, temperature and streamflow will increase in the MAC region in response to higher levels of atmospheric CO2. A case study for Delaware based on digital elevation models suggests that, by the end of ...
Salick BygKonchar_Tibetan Agriculture and Climate
... information on climate change was available to either professionals or farmers at the time of the study (summer 2007 and 2009), few of them had systematically considered these issues to any great extent. Nonetheless, farmers and professionals all had many and detailed observations to relate and many ...
... information on climate change was available to either professionals or farmers at the time of the study (summer 2007 and 2009), few of them had systematically considered these issues to any great extent. Nonetheless, farmers and professionals all had many and detailed observations to relate and many ...
PDF
... 2008). Farming experience increases the probability of uptake of all adaptation options because experienced farmers have better knowledge and information on changes in climatic conditions and crop and livestock management practices (Nhemachena and Hassan, 2007). This study hypothesizes that farming ...
... 2008). Farming experience increases the probability of uptake of all adaptation options because experienced farmers have better knowledge and information on changes in climatic conditions and crop and livestock management practices (Nhemachena and Hassan, 2007). This study hypothesizes that farming ...
Energy-Water-Climate Change Scenario Report
... Western Interconnection. One of the identified challenges is the impacts of climate changes. Climates are constantly changing at both the global and more granular levels. Two key questions for WECC to consider are: 1. What changes to the environment, in addition to increased average global temperatu ...
... Western Interconnection. One of the identified challenges is the impacts of climate changes. Climates are constantly changing at both the global and more granular levels. Two key questions for WECC to consider are: 1. What changes to the environment, in addition to increased average global temperatu ...
PART VI Burden Sharing and Development
... been framed in terms of the impact on country-level or global GDP, which does not capture the full impact of climate change on people’s well-being. One reason is that such estimates do not reflect distribution. The distribution of climate impacts – that is, which countries, regions and people are hi ...
... been framed in terms of the impact on country-level or global GDP, which does not capture the full impact of climate change on people’s well-being. One reason is that such estimates do not reflect distribution. The distribution of climate impacts – that is, which countries, regions and people are hi ...
Chapter 5. CO2 as a Climate Regulator during the Phanerozoic and
... The Direct Effect of CO2 on Temperature: Understanding Radiative Forcing While it may be relatively simple to qualitatively understand the relationships between changing greenhouse gases levels and changing temperatures, quantifying these relationships is more challenging. Complications arise becaus ...
... The Direct Effect of CO2 on Temperature: Understanding Radiative Forcing While it may be relatively simple to qualitatively understand the relationships between changing greenhouse gases levels and changing temperatures, quantifying these relationships is more challenging. Complications arise becaus ...
Oregon`s Biodiversity in a Changing Climate
... increased precipitation in the last century, primarily as increases in the amount of heavy precipitation (Groisman et al. 2001). There is a large degree of confidence that these trends will continue into the future. Global average surface temperatures are projected to rise between 1.1 and 6.4 °C (2. ...
... increased precipitation in the last century, primarily as increases in the amount of heavy precipitation (Groisman et al. 2001). There is a large degree of confidence that these trends will continue into the future. Global average surface temperatures are projected to rise between 1.1 and 6.4 °C (2. ...
Chapter 3
... • Troposphere: contains most of the atmosphere even though it is very shallow. The normal environmental lapse rate (ELR) is negative (cooling with increasing height) because the ground is the heat source and rising air always cools due to the adiabatic process • Stratosphere: above the tropopause, a ...
... • Troposphere: contains most of the atmosphere even though it is very shallow. The normal environmental lapse rate (ELR) is negative (cooling with increasing height) because the ground is the heat source and rising air always cools due to the adiabatic process • Stratosphere: above the tropopause, a ...
Working Paper Series: The Global Energy Market: Comprehensive Strategies to Meet
... success of any such response will hinge -- given the American position as the world’s largest GHG emitter -- upon U.S. cooperation, whether formal or informal. While the paper will occasionally touch upon economics by necessity, much of the discussion will focus on the politics -- domestic and inter ...
... success of any such response will hinge -- given the American position as the world’s largest GHG emitter -- upon U.S. cooperation, whether formal or informal. While the paper will occasionally touch upon economics by necessity, much of the discussion will focus on the politics -- domestic and inter ...
What Is and Is Not Known About Climate Change in Illinois
... Alterations to the Greenhouse Effect and Climate Implications Atmospheric CO2 has increased 0.5 percent per year during the last 30 years and 20 percent since the industrial revolution. Although the atmospheric concentration of CO2 is still very small, it is sufficient to account for some warming o ...
... Alterations to the Greenhouse Effect and Climate Implications Atmospheric CO2 has increased 0.5 percent per year during the last 30 years and 20 percent since the industrial revolution. Although the atmospheric concentration of CO2 is still very small, it is sufficient to account for some warming o ...
Climate Justice: Equity and Justice informing a new
... us, understands the causes, recognizes what steps need to be taken to change course, and yet persists in delaying action on the scale required. The results undermine human development, compromise human rights, and result in injustice. The livelihoods of roughly 450 million of the world’s poorest pe ...
... us, understands the causes, recognizes what steps need to be taken to change course, and yet persists in delaying action on the scale required. The results undermine human development, compromise human rights, and result in injustice. The livelihoods of roughly 450 million of the world’s poorest pe ...
Detection and Attribution of Temperature Changes in the
... (2005), and Knowles et al. (2006) found that some portion of the changes in snowpack, streamflow timing, and snow/rain partitioning could be explained by fluctuations in the PDO. ENSO events influence predominantly the interannual variability of western U.S. temperatures, extreme precipitation (Caya ...
... (2005), and Knowles et al. (2006) found that some portion of the changes in snowpack, streamflow timing, and snow/rain partitioning could be explained by fluctuations in the PDO. ENSO events influence predominantly the interannual variability of western U.S. temperatures, extreme precipitation (Caya ...
Extreme Events
... All climate model simulations contain biases. Biases are errors that typically occur consistently and predictably. Often these biases are caused by the model’s resolution. For example, the 10 km resolution of the Climate Futures for Tasmania simulations means that steep ridgelines may not be capture ...
... All climate model simulations contain biases. Biases are errors that typically occur consistently and predictably. Often these biases are caused by the model’s resolution. For example, the 10 km resolution of the Climate Futures for Tasmania simulations means that steep ridgelines may not be capture ...
The Influence of Climate Change on Global Crop Productivity
... doing so, we recognize that this is only part of the fuller story on crop productivity, which in turn is only part of the fuller story on future food security. For example, this Update is silent on the many ways that global change can influence food security via pathways other than agricultural produ ...
... doing so, we recognize that this is only part of the fuller story on crop productivity, which in turn is only part of the fuller story on future food security. For example, this Update is silent on the many ways that global change can influence food security via pathways other than agricultural produ ...
Strengthening southern Africa`s response to global change
... The Climate Risk and Vulnerability Handbook for Southern Africa was designed to provide decision makers with up-to-date information on impact and risk of climate change and variability. It is structured according to four questions dealing with observations of past, current and future climate; the li ...
... The Climate Risk and Vulnerability Handbook for Southern Africa was designed to provide decision makers with up-to-date information on impact and risk of climate change and variability. It is structured according to four questions dealing with observations of past, current and future climate; the li ...
Ecosystem-based Adaptation in Marine and Coastal Ecosystems
... within a few decades (Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2007). Even if mitigation measures aimed at reducing greenhouse gases and slowing climate change are implemented now, the earth’s climate will continue changing over the short to medium term, due to lag effects of temperature in response to the build-up o ...
... within a few decades (Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2007). Even if mitigation measures aimed at reducing greenhouse gases and slowing climate change are implemented now, the earth’s climate will continue changing over the short to medium term, due to lag effects of temperature in response to the build-up o ...
www.fni.no
... environmental problem has much to say about the ways in which the problem will be addressed. To illustrate with a more international example, Demeritt (2001, p. 328) points to some of the prevailing ideas in the scientific construction of global warming that give us an indication of how climate chang ...
... environmental problem has much to say about the ways in which the problem will be addressed. To illustrate with a more international example, Demeritt (2001, p. 328) points to some of the prevailing ideas in the scientific construction of global warming that give us an indication of how climate chang ...
Climate change impacts, adaptive capacity, and
... given to the adaptive capacity in the forest sector and few studies have assessed vulnerability of forestry to climate change. The regional context is important, as impacts can be both positive and negative and ability and strategies to cope with climate change impacts may differ. In this study we r ...
... given to the adaptive capacity in the forest sector and few studies have assessed vulnerability of forestry to climate change. The regional context is important, as impacts can be both positive and negative and ability and strategies to cope with climate change impacts may differ. In this study we r ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.