Preserving the Ocean Circulation: Implications for Climate Policy
... gases. One benefit of this method is that the choice of greenhouse gas stabilization level is motivated by a threshold response in the natural system. This choice is likely more efficient in the sense of an optimal growth model than an arbitrary choice of greenhouse gas stabilization level. This app ...
... gases. One benefit of this method is that the choice of greenhouse gas stabilization level is motivated by a threshold response in the natural system. This choice is likely more efficient in the sense of an optimal growth model than an arbitrary choice of greenhouse gas stabilization level. This app ...
i4332e11
... century is very likely (more than a 90% chance) due to observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations”, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007, WG1). ■ “There is strong evidence that the warming of the Earth over the last half-century has been caused largely by hum ...
... century is very likely (more than a 90% chance) due to observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations”, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007, WG1). ■ “There is strong evidence that the warming of the Earth over the last half-century has been caused largely by hum ...
National Park Service
... these areas. National Park Service (NPS) managers have been exploring scenario planning as an alternative approach for science-based decision-making in the face of an uncertain future. Climate change scenarios will help prepare NPS Alaska park managers for impending changes to make informed decision ...
... these areas. National Park Service (NPS) managers have been exploring scenario planning as an alternative approach for science-based decision-making in the face of an uncertain future. Climate change scenarios will help prepare NPS Alaska park managers for impending changes to make informed decision ...
How Climate Science Became a Victim of the Cold War
... dangers of global warming from greenhouse gases, and some might think that Charney’s group were outliers, sounding an early warning on warming much like British engineer Guy Callendar in the 1930s.20 But Charney’s work was a review of numerous studies undertaken throughout the 1970s, and so the pres ...
... dangers of global warming from greenhouse gases, and some might think that Charney’s group were outliers, sounding an early warning on warming much like British engineer Guy Callendar in the 1930s.20 But Charney’s work was a review of numerous studies undertaken throughout the 1970s, and so the pres ...
A semiparametric multivariate, multisite weather generator with
... different adaptation strategies can be evaluated over threatening climate states in order to identify robust adaptation measures. The likelihood of harmful climate conditions can also be assessed using available climate information, including the most up-to-date climate modeling results (e.g., globa ...
... different adaptation strategies can be evaluated over threatening climate states in order to identify robust adaptation measures. The likelihood of harmful climate conditions can also be assessed using available climate information, including the most up-to-date climate modeling results (e.g., globa ...
Farmers` Risk Perception towards Climate Change: A Case of the
... Are they willing to pay for adaptation? As adaptation becomes more tightly integrated into the range of responses due to climate change, understanding how knowledge of climate change impacts on farmers and how vulnerabilities can effectively be used is necessary both to direct research and to suppor ...
... Are they willing to pay for adaptation? As adaptation becomes more tightly integrated into the range of responses due to climate change, understanding how knowledge of climate change impacts on farmers and how vulnerabilities can effectively be used is necessary both to direct research and to suppor ...
Project Packet
... climate everyday, like climatologists, farmers, foresters, and community leaders. Then find another community in a different geographical area that is experiencing a similar problem. Consult the FLL Topic ...
... climate everyday, like climatologists, farmers, foresters, and community leaders. Then find another community in a different geographical area that is experiencing a similar problem. Consult the FLL Topic ...
Cities and the Governing of Climate Change
... be responsible for up to 75% of global emissions of carbon dioxide from anthropogenic sources. Although, as discussed below, these figures are highly contested (28–29), the urban concentration of GHG emissions is perhaps not surprising—given the increasing proportion of the world’s population that li ...
... be responsible for up to 75% of global emissions of carbon dioxide from anthropogenic sources. Although, as discussed below, these figures are highly contested (28–29), the urban concentration of GHG emissions is perhaps not surprising—given the increasing proportion of the world’s population that li ...
report 2009 final - Inter
... bilateral meetings on both high-level and technical level. A joint group on communications provided the opportunity to share campaign resources and work on joint messaging. Technical papers submitted to the UNFCCC by groupings of agencies provided in-depth information on issues of humanitarian conce ...
... bilateral meetings on both high-level and technical level. A joint group on communications provided the opportunity to share campaign resources and work on joint messaging. Technical papers submitted to the UNFCCC by groupings of agencies provided in-depth information on issues of humanitarian conce ...
How does climate change cause extinction?
... 100 years. But what will actually cause these extinctions? For example, will it be limited physiological tolerance to high temperatures, changing biotic interactions or other factors? Here, we systematically review the proximate causes of climate-change related extinctions and their empirical suppor ...
... 100 years. But what will actually cause these extinctions? For example, will it be limited physiological tolerance to high temperatures, changing biotic interactions or other factors? Here, we systematically review the proximate causes of climate-change related extinctions and their empirical suppor ...
Corporate Climate Action Strategy
... electoral areas that cover the southern tip of Vancouver Island and the nearby Gulf Islands. As a regional district, the CRD provides: ...
... electoral areas that cover the southern tip of Vancouver Island and the nearby Gulf Islands. As a regional district, the CRD provides: ...
Climate variability and change and their health effects in small
... requirements are just as diverse. Social, cultural and economic settings vary. The islands have achieved different levels of development. Sometimes infrastructures, including health, are poorly developed. Some islands have large commercial or industrial centres; others have extensive agriculture. Hu ...
... requirements are just as diverse. Social, cultural and economic settings vary. The islands have achieved different levels of development. Sometimes infrastructures, including health, are poorly developed. Some islands have large commercial or industrial centres; others have extensive agriculture. Hu ...
Postulated Feedbacks of Deciduous Forest Phenology on
... transpiration promotes rainfall and causes summer cool ing (e.g., Shukla and Mintz 1982; Shukla et al. 1990; Dirmeyer 1994), we postulated that leaf phenology of deciduous vegetation may exert a significant influence on seasonal patterns of temperature and precipitation in the west-central Canadian ...
... transpiration promotes rainfall and causes summer cool ing (e.g., Shukla and Mintz 1982; Shukla et al. 1990; Dirmeyer 1994), we postulated that leaf phenology of deciduous vegetation may exert a significant influence on seasonal patterns of temperature and precipitation in the west-central Canadian ...
CN: CO 2
... Summary of offline results • C-N coupling results in large decrease in CO2 fertilization of land ecosystems. • Sensitivities of net carbon flux to temperature and precipitation variation are damped by C-N coupling. • C-N coupling reverses sign of trend in carbon-climate sensitivity under increasing ...
... Summary of offline results • C-N coupling results in large decrease in CO2 fertilization of land ecosystems. • Sensitivities of net carbon flux to temperature and precipitation variation are damped by C-N coupling. • C-N coupling reverses sign of trend in carbon-climate sensitivity under increasing ...
a i5165e
... directly to the provision of food and livelihoods of people. The agricultural sectors – including crops, livestock, fisheries and forestry – absorbs approximately 22 percent of the economic impact caused by medium and largescale natural hazards and disasters in developing countries. Considering the ...
... directly to the provision of food and livelihoods of people. The agricultural sectors – including crops, livestock, fisheries and forestry – absorbs approximately 22 percent of the economic impact caused by medium and largescale natural hazards and disasters in developing countries. Considering the ...
Department of Defense Natural Resources Program Fall 2015
... environment, how can I argue effectively for needed resources? There is no one answer to any of these questions, but there are many tools and partnerships available, and more on the horizon. The authors in this issue do a great job describing the problems and challenges posed by a changing climate, ...
... environment, how can I argue effectively for needed resources? There is no one answer to any of these questions, but there are many tools and partnerships available, and more on the horizon. The authors in this issue do a great job describing the problems and challenges posed by a changing climate, ...
Sudan`s INDC
... interaction of other multiple stresses such as ecosystem degradation, complex disasters and conflicts, and limited access to capital, markets, infrastructure and technology have all weakened people’s ability to adapt to changes in climate (AIACC WP No. 42, 2005; Zakieldeen, 2009). Climatic factors c ...
... interaction of other multiple stresses such as ecosystem degradation, complex disasters and conflicts, and limited access to capital, markets, infrastructure and technology have all weakened people’s ability to adapt to changes in climate (AIACC WP No. 42, 2005; Zakieldeen, 2009). Climatic factors c ...
Framing the flood: a media analysis of themes of resilience in the
... Still, there has been little critical inquiry into what resilience means in this context and little guidance for individuals, communities and governments regarding behavioral or procedural change that they should adopt as a consequence. For example, one view gaining currency suggests that resilience ...
... Still, there has been little critical inquiry into what resilience means in this context and little guidance for individuals, communities and governments regarding behavioral or procedural change that they should adopt as a consequence. For example, one view gaining currency suggests that resilience ...
PDF
... technology has yet taken ground in Africa, researchers have found considerable demand for them in various countries. For example, using Contingent Valuation Methods (CVM), Makaudze (2005) found the existence of a substantial welfare benefit of a wide scale improved seasonal forecast system among Zim ...
... technology has yet taken ground in Africa, researchers have found considerable demand for them in various countries. For example, using Contingent Valuation Methods (CVM), Makaudze (2005) found the existence of a substantial welfare benefit of a wide scale improved seasonal forecast system among Zim ...
Abstract Book The Human Side of Climate Change Bergen 16
... Culture and Climate Change: A Storied Examination of Norwegian Public Opinion Global climate change is a problem where solutions are costly, often at odds with existing energy market incentives, where unilateral action by individuals or countries often seems futile in the face of collective action p ...
... Culture and Climate Change: A Storied Examination of Norwegian Public Opinion Global climate change is a problem where solutions are costly, often at odds with existing energy market incentives, where unilateral action by individuals or countries often seems futile in the face of collective action p ...
Impacts and adaptation of European crop production systems to
... and climate change on agriculture in Europe was distributed to agro-climatic and agronomy experts in 26 countries. Europe was divided into 13 Environmental Zones (EZ). In total, we had 50 individual responses for specific EZ. The questionnaires provided both country and EZ specific information on th ...
... and climate change on agriculture in Europe was distributed to agro-climatic and agronomy experts in 26 countries. Europe was divided into 13 Environmental Zones (EZ). In total, we had 50 individual responses for specific EZ. The questionnaires provided both country and EZ specific information on th ...
Why Worry About Climate Change? A Research Agenda
... stress in plants and may make them grow faster – although this effect is now believed to be weaker (Long et al., 2006). Another reason is that the global economy is concentrated in the temperate zone, where a bit of warming may well be welcomed because of reductions in heating costs and cold-related ...
... stress in plants and may make them grow faster – although this effect is now believed to be weaker (Long et al., 2006). Another reason is that the global economy is concentrated in the temperate zone, where a bit of warming may well be welcomed because of reductions in heating costs and cold-related ...
Fertilization and Carbon Sequestration in BC Forests
... That increased accumulated stemwood sequesters approximately an extra 13.8 tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO 2) per hectare for Interior forests and 27.5 tonnes on the coast. This summary provides amounts of CO2 produced through all stages of forest fertilization using urea, from fertilizer manufacture t ...
... That increased accumulated stemwood sequesters approximately an extra 13.8 tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO 2) per hectare for Interior forests and 27.5 tonnes on the coast. This summary provides amounts of CO2 produced through all stages of forest fertilization using urea, from fertilizer manufacture t ...
Assessing Current Climate Risks
... tem, climate drivers may include accumulated rainfall and evaporation, if supply is being addressed, or rainfall intensity and duration, if flooding is being addressed. On a coastline, climate variables contributing to storm surge, tidal regimes and sea level anomalies may be linked to thresholds re ...
... tem, climate drivers may include accumulated rainfall and evaporation, if supply is being addressed, or rainfall intensity and duration, if flooding is being addressed. On a coastline, climate variables contributing to storm surge, tidal regimes and sea level anomalies may be linked to thresholds re ...
Arctic Biodiversity - Harvard Life Sciences Outreach Program
... • “Specialist predators [like the snowy owl and arctic fox] depend on a high density of of prey [lemmings] in the spring to breed successfully.” • “Models of climate change predict that winters in the Arctic will become considerably warmer and more variable . . . .” Ims, Rolf A., Eva Fuglei. Trophic ...
... • “Specialist predators [like the snowy owl and arctic fox] depend on a high density of of prey [lemmings] in the spring to breed successfully.” • “Models of climate change predict that winters in the Arctic will become considerably warmer and more variable . . . .” Ims, Rolf A., Eva Fuglei. Trophic ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.