The American Environmental Values Survey: American Views on the
... Lindenberg, S. & Steg, L. (2007). Normative, gain, and hedonic goal frames guiding environmental behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 63(1), 117-137. Macy, R. & Doherty, T. (2010). An annotated guide to graduate education in environmentally-focused psychology and therapy in the United States, Canada, ...
... Lindenberg, S. & Steg, L. (2007). Normative, gain, and hedonic goal frames guiding environmental behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 63(1), 117-137. Macy, R. & Doherty, T. (2010). An annotated guide to graduate education in environmentally-focused psychology and therapy in the United States, Canada, ...
Climate Change, Agriculture and Aid for Trade
... export earnings unless alternatives can be sought or climate proof investments are made. But not only is the agricultural sector highly vulnerable to climate change, it is also one of the most distorted and heavily influenced by a wide range of local, regional, national an ...
... export earnings unless alternatives can be sought or climate proof investments are made. But not only is the agricultural sector highly vulnerable to climate change, it is also one of the most distorted and heavily influenced by a wide range of local, regional, national an ...
Lebanon Country Report February - March 2013
... The ENPI CLIMA-South is implemented in a dynamic region, with rapidly changing social and political environments. At the same time, climate change is at a critical stage of the international negotiations in which new developments may be expected. Flexibility is therefore of the utmost importance and ...
... The ENPI CLIMA-South is implemented in a dynamic region, with rapidly changing social and political environments. At the same time, climate change is at a critical stage of the international negotiations in which new developments may be expected. Flexibility is therefore of the utmost importance and ...
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE LIMITED
... from the sea, adopting in-house energy systems, recycling. Similarly, Emmanuel and Spence (2009), estimates that in 1996 total water demand by hotels, ships and golf courses in Barbados was 2,569,000 cubic metres, approximately one sixth of total domestic water consumption in Barbados. It is project ...
... from the sea, adopting in-house energy systems, recycling. Similarly, Emmanuel and Spence (2009), estimates that in 1996 total water demand by hotels, ships and golf courses in Barbados was 2,569,000 cubic metres, approximately one sixth of total domestic water consumption in Barbados. It is project ...
Bias corrections of global models for regional climate simulations
... important to also remember that the GCM data were generated at a coarse resolution, where local processes and terrain heterogeneity were not taken into account. It also is possible that statistical downscaling methods developed on past climate might not hold true under climate change conditions. An ...
... important to also remember that the GCM data were generated at a coarse resolution, where local processes and terrain heterogeneity were not taken into account. It also is possible that statistical downscaling methods developed on past climate might not hold true under climate change conditions. An ...
Sensitivity of marine systems to climate and fishing - Archimer
... We distinguish two primary components of climate forcing of marine systems: variability, and change (trend). Climate variability occurs on a wide range of time scales (Overland et al., this volume) from seasonal periods, to 1-3 year oscillating but erratic periods (e.g. ENSO), to decadal aperiodic v ...
... We distinguish two primary components of climate forcing of marine systems: variability, and change (trend). Climate variability occurs on a wide range of time scales (Overland et al., this volume) from seasonal periods, to 1-3 year oscillating but erratic periods (e.g. ENSO), to decadal aperiodic v ...
Working Paper 9: Climate Change as a Threat Multiplier for Human
... concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that prevents catastrophic climate change will require an estimated 40 to 70 percent reduction in anthropogenic long-lived GHGs by 2050 from 2010 levels to keep CO2 from exceeding 450ppm by 2100, and global zero emissions from 2100 onward.2 Climate change ...
... concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that prevents catastrophic climate change will require an estimated 40 to 70 percent reduction in anthropogenic long-lived GHGs by 2050 from 2010 levels to keep CO2 from exceeding 450ppm by 2100, and global zero emissions from 2100 onward.2 Climate change ...
COMMITTEE ON FISHERIES
... 13. Although fishing and aquaculture communities tend to be among the highly vulnerable, global awareness and understanding of climate change impacts on the aquatic systems and the special needs of those who depend on aquatic resources for their food and livelihoods was very low in 2009. In the same ...
... 13. Although fishing and aquaculture communities tend to be among the highly vulnerable, global awareness and understanding of climate change impacts on the aquatic systems and the special needs of those who depend on aquatic resources for their food and livelihoods was very low in 2009. In the same ...
Use of general circulation model output in the creation of climate
... resulting cold and dark conditions at the earth's surface have been labeled 'nuclear winter' (Turco et al., 1983), and have been the subject of numerous studies, including energy-balance climate model (e.g, Robock, 1984b; Vogelmann et al., 1988) and GCM calculations (e.g., Covey et al., 1985; Malone ...
... resulting cold and dark conditions at the earth's surface have been labeled 'nuclear winter' (Turco et al., 1983), and have been the subject of numerous studies, including energy-balance climate model (e.g, Robock, 1984b; Vogelmann et al., 1988) and GCM calculations (e.g., Covey et al., 1985; Malone ...
Assessing ``Dangerous Climate Change
... A global warming target is converted to a fossil fuel emissions target with the help of global climate-carbon-cycle models, which reveal that eventual warming depends on cumulative carbon emissions, not on the temporal history of emissions [12]. The emission limit depends on climate sensitivity, but ...
... A global warming target is converted to a fossil fuel emissions target with the help of global climate-carbon-cycle models, which reveal that eventual warming depends on cumulative carbon emissions, not on the temporal history of emissions [12]. The emission limit depends on climate sensitivity, but ...
the eastern European Alps Climate change and geomorphological
... indirect effects on geomorphological processes and on sedimentary systems are less well known. Based on records of past events, alpine geomorphological hazards such as landslides, debris flows, mudflows and other expressions of slope instability can result from aspects of human activity and climate va ...
... indirect effects on geomorphological processes and on sedimentary systems are less well known. Based on records of past events, alpine geomorphological hazards such as landslides, debris flows, mudflows and other expressions of slope instability can result from aspects of human activity and climate va ...
GILDED WP3 report – draft
... individuals. At the behavioural level, many of these mechanisms might result in the frequently observed lack of action (Lorenzoni et al., 2007; Weber, 2008). However, our findings suggest that this lack of action is not necessarily due to insufficient knowledge, or the absence of concern or social n ...
... individuals. At the behavioural level, many of these mechanisms might result in the frequently observed lack of action (Lorenzoni et al., 2007; Weber, 2008). However, our findings suggest that this lack of action is not necessarily due to insufficient knowledge, or the absence of concern or social n ...
General Law on Climate Change Mexico
... VIII. Foster scientific and technological research and the development, transfer, and deployment of technologies, equipment, and processes for climate change mitigation and adaptation; IX. Develop comprehensive strategies, programs, and projects on the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions in order ...
... VIII. Foster scientific and technological research and the development, transfer, and deployment of technologies, equipment, and processes for climate change mitigation and adaptation; IX. Develop comprehensive strategies, programs, and projects on the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions in order ...
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... little, too fast”; developing countries should play a more substantial role and receive incentives to participate; implementation should focus on market-based approaches, especially those with price mechanisms; and participation and compliance incentives are inadequately addressed by most proposals. ...
... little, too fast”; developing countries should play a more substantial role and receive incentives to participate; implementation should focus on market-based approaches, especially those with price mechanisms; and participation and compliance incentives are inadequately addressed by most proposals. ...
Current models broadly neglect specific needs of under climate change
... the impacts of climate change on species and ecosystems are process-based models [22]. Here we refer to an ecological model as being process-based (or mechanistic), if species performance (e.g. growth, fitness etc.) is incorporated and dynamically linked to biological and environmental factors [13]. ...
... the impacts of climate change on species and ecosystems are process-based models [22]. Here we refer to an ecological model as being process-based (or mechanistic), if species performance (e.g. growth, fitness etc.) is incorporated and dynamically linked to biological and environmental factors [13]. ...
Climate Change Affirmative - St. Louis Urban Debate League
... CO2 envelopes the earth, like a blanket by trapping heat given off by the Earth’s surface and the atmosphere. It is believed that by decreasing demand for and consumption of fossil fuels, there will also be a decrease in the release of carbon emissions; since China and the U.S. are the biggest world ...
... CO2 envelopes the earth, like a blanket by trapping heat given off by the Earth’s surface and the atmosphere. It is believed that by decreasing demand for and consumption of fossil fuels, there will also be a decrease in the release of carbon emissions; since China and the U.S. are the biggest world ...
Understanding Long-Term Climate Changes for Kansas City, Missouri
... change can be evaluated. When broad spatial patterns of change occur, many municipalities within the same region will experience a common direction of change (warmer vs. cooler, wetter vs. dryer). When local change is significantly different from regional change, the likelihood that local change wil ...
... change can be evaluated. When broad spatial patterns of change occur, many municipalities within the same region will experience a common direction of change (warmer vs. cooler, wetter vs. dryer). When local change is significantly different from regional change, the likelihood that local change wil ...
Implementation of the Framework Convention on Climate Change in
... production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner. The Convention acknowledges the priority of economic development of states-parties, however requires from them the implementation of measures ensuring sustainability of climate system. For this the pa ...
... production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner. The Convention acknowledges the priority of economic development of states-parties, however requires from them the implementation of measures ensuring sustainability of climate system. For this the pa ...
14 Climate change: science and the precautionary principle
... many important details of climate change cannot be predicted with certainty. It is therefore unsurprising that the science of climate change and questions about the true value of burning fossil fuels have fostered sustained scientific and political controversy. When the first volume of Late lessons ...
... many important details of climate change cannot be predicted with certainty. It is therefore unsurprising that the science of climate change and questions about the true value of burning fossil fuels have fostered sustained scientific and political controversy. When the first volume of Late lessons ...
Climate Change and the Global Economy
... implications of alternative mitigation policies across countries, using a global dynamic macroeconomic model. An effective mitigation policy must be based on setting a price path for the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that drive climate change. The overall costs of such carbonpricing policies—a glob ...
... implications of alternative mitigation policies across countries, using a global dynamic macroeconomic model. An effective mitigation policy must be based on setting a price path for the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that drive climate change. The overall costs of such carbonpricing policies—a glob ...
Do Models Underestimate the Solar Contribution to Recent Climate
... later warming, which was found to be almost entirely caused by greenhouse gases, with tropospheric sulfate aerosols and natural factors (presumed to be stratospheric aerosols from volcanic eruptions) offsetting approximately one-third of the warming. No evidence was found by Tett et al. (2002) that ...
... later warming, which was found to be almost entirely caused by greenhouse gases, with tropospheric sulfate aerosols and natural factors (presumed to be stratospheric aerosols from volcanic eruptions) offsetting approximately one-third of the warming. No evidence was found by Tett et al. (2002) that ...
Emergent Properties of Scale in Global Environmental Modeling
... into their logical contexts (scales) so that the observer=modeler can see structures arise from them for the first time. The stochastic interaction among low-level elements that gives rise to emergent properties may be part of a larger process of self-organization in hierarchical systems. Self-organ ...
... into their logical contexts (scales) so that the observer=modeler can see structures arise from them for the first time. The stochastic interaction among low-level elements that gives rise to emergent properties may be part of a larger process of self-organization in hierarchical systems. Self-organ ...
Conference Proceeding
... pertaining to conducting local-level assessments and modelling the dynamic nature of climate change, livelihoods and adaptations; community and livelihood based adaptations being practised showcase strategies that serve in enhancing resilience. Therefore there is a need to better understand the mani ...
... pertaining to conducting local-level assessments and modelling the dynamic nature of climate change, livelihoods and adaptations; community and livelihood based adaptations being practised showcase strategies that serve in enhancing resilience. Therefore there is a need to better understand the mani ...
Socio-structural and psychological foundations of climate change
... has stated that climate change is the central challenge of our time (Ki-moon, 2009), and a report by the American Psychological Association stated that climate change is a pressing issue facing our planet and its inhabitants (Swim et al., 2009). Such worrying views about climate change are not limit ...
... has stated that climate change is the central challenge of our time (Ki-moon, 2009), and a report by the American Psychological Association stated that climate change is a pressing issue facing our planet and its inhabitants (Swim et al., 2009). Such worrying views about climate change are not limit ...
Unit Roots in the Climate: Is the Recent Warming Due to Persistent
... is due at least in part to increasing concentrations of greenhouse gasses (GHGs). The global mean temperature has risen by .7 degrees Celsius since 1860, when statistics were first kept. Over the same period, carbon dioxide (the leading GHG) concentrations have increased 46 percent. There is now a w ...
... is due at least in part to increasing concentrations of greenhouse gasses (GHGs). The global mean temperature has risen by .7 degrees Celsius since 1860, when statistics were first kept. Over the same period, carbon dioxide (the leading GHG) concentrations have increased 46 percent. There is now a w ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.