Up in smoke? Latin America and the Caribbean
... Never before in history has humankind achieved today’s level of scientific understanding and development. Our civilisation has managed to reach outer space, communicate across the world in fractions of a second, eradicate many diseases, and extend peoples’ life expectancies. We have also achieved im ...
... Never before in history has humankind achieved today’s level of scientific understanding and development. Our civilisation has managed to reach outer space, communicate across the world in fractions of a second, eradicate many diseases, and extend peoples’ life expectancies. We have also achieved im ...
STRATEGIES FOR A HOLISTIC RESPONSE TO OZONE
... regarded as possible alternatives to ODSs12. However, any solution to ozone depletion should also take the diminishment of such compounds into account. The second framework in which a scientific linkage may be established between the atmosphere and the climate system concerns the cooling indirectly ...
... regarded as possible alternatives to ODSs12. However, any solution to ozone depletion should also take the diminishment of such compounds into account. The second framework in which a scientific linkage may be established between the atmosphere and the climate system concerns the cooling indirectly ...
Investigation - Earthjustice
... warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities.”3 A key U.S. report was prepared by the National Academy of Sciences in June 2001. In the opening paragraph of its report, the National Academy explained: Greenhouse gases are accumulating in Earth's atmosphere as a result ...
... warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities.”3 A key U.S. report was prepared by the National Academy of Sciences in June 2001. In the opening paragraph of its report, the National Academy explained: Greenhouse gases are accumulating in Earth's atmosphere as a result ...
Impact of climate change on the timing of strawberry phenological
... 2012). The methods that compare and link model results with observations are called Model Output Statistics (MOS) methods that are part of the statistical downscaling. These methods either assume that the difference between models and observations in the future remains the same (bias correction meth ...
... 2012). The methods that compare and link model results with observations are called Model Output Statistics (MOS) methods that are part of the statistical downscaling. These methods either assume that the difference between models and observations in the future remains the same (bias correction meth ...
Paleoecological evidence for abrupt cold reversals during peak
... assemblage (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4). Oliveridia/Hydrobaenus was abruptly replaced by an assemblage dominated by the subtribe Tanytarsina (including Tanytarsus lugens/Corynocera oliveri type and Micropsectra) beginning ∼11 cal ka BP, and inferred temperatures rose rapidly to surpass modern values by ∼10.5 ...
... assemblage (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4). Oliveridia/Hydrobaenus was abruptly replaced by an assemblage dominated by the subtribe Tanytarsina (including Tanytarsus lugens/Corynocera oliveri type and Micropsectra) beginning ∼11 cal ka BP, and inferred temperatures rose rapidly to surpass modern values by ∼10.5 ...
Arctic amplification: can the past constrain the future?
... 50 m) and sea ice (essentially freshwater) out of the Arctic Ocean (e.g., Schlosser et al., 2000). The freshwater export is primarily through western Fram Strait, then along the east coast of Greenland into the North Atlantic through Denmark Strait. A smaller volume of surface water and sea ice flows ...
... 50 m) and sea ice (essentially freshwater) out of the Arctic Ocean (e.g., Schlosser et al., 2000). The freshwater export is primarily through western Fram Strait, then along the east coast of Greenland into the North Atlantic through Denmark Strait. A smaller volume of surface water and sea ice flows ...
State of the Jamaican Climate 2012:Information for
... yearly in the impact of climate extreme events on the Jamaican economy (Table 1). But it is also true when the climate change is more gradual i.e. over decades or longer. There is strong scientific evidence to suggest that Jamaica’s climate has changed in the recent past. There is equally strong sci ...
... yearly in the impact of climate extreme events on the Jamaican economy (Table 1). But it is also true when the climate change is more gradual i.e. over decades or longer. There is strong scientific evidence to suggest that Jamaica’s climate has changed in the recent past. There is equally strong sci ...
Nonstate Actors in the Global Climate Regime
... narrowly focused groups. Climate change politics is still about big issues—when and how much emissions will be reduced—but it is also, increasingly, about smaller, more technical matters of implementation that animate a wide range of diverse interest groups. Thus the flourishing of NGO activity foll ...
... narrowly focused groups. Climate change politics is still about big issues—when and how much emissions will be reduced—but it is also, increasingly, about smaller, more technical matters of implementation that animate a wide range of diverse interest groups. Thus the flourishing of NGO activity foll ...
NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE Increasing Great Lake–Effect
... significant increases in lake-effect snow between 1951 and 1980. This finding confirmed the earlier work of Eichenlaub (1970) and Braham and Dungey (1984) who also noted increases in lake-effect snowfall. Norton and Bolsenga (1993) suggested that colder air masses flowing across the lakes were respo ...
... significant increases in lake-effect snow between 1951 and 1980. This finding confirmed the earlier work of Eichenlaub (1970) and Braham and Dungey (1984) who also noted increases in lake-effect snowfall. Norton and Bolsenga (1993) suggested that colder air masses flowing across the lakes were respo ...
Climate Change and Paleoecology: New Contexts for Restoration
... million years ago) as a long, cold interval—the “Great Ice Age” of Agassiz (1840). By the late nineteenth century, evidence for multiple glaciations accumulated and led to widespread description of four major glacial periods in the Pleistocene bracketed by brief warm intervals. The ice ages were reg ...
... million years ago) as a long, cold interval—the “Great Ice Age” of Agassiz (1840). By the late nineteenth century, evidence for multiple glaciations accumulated and led to widespread description of four major glacial periods in the Pleistocene bracketed by brief warm intervals. The ice ages were reg ...
Noel L. Bankston - Old Dominion University
... predicted that as human activity increased CO2 levels in the atmosphere and a warming trend would occur. This is now called global warming. The uses of fossil fuels by manufacturers introduce more aerosols into the Earth’s atmosphere than its ecosystem can handle (National Research Council, 2012). T ...
... predicted that as human activity increased CO2 levels in the atmosphere and a warming trend would occur. This is now called global warming. The uses of fossil fuels by manufacturers introduce more aerosols into the Earth’s atmosphere than its ecosystem can handle (National Research Council, 2012). T ...
Climate Change Projections over India by a
... from a sub-set of six members sampled from the Hadley Centre’s 17member Quantified Uncertainty in Model Projections (QUMP) perturbed physics ensemble. The model was run with 25 km × 25 km resolution from the global climate model (GCM) - HadCM3Q at the emission rate of special report on emission scen ...
... from a sub-set of six members sampled from the Hadley Centre’s 17member Quantified Uncertainty in Model Projections (QUMP) perturbed physics ensemble. The model was run with 25 km × 25 km resolution from the global climate model (GCM) - HadCM3Q at the emission rate of special report on emission scen ...
Plankton dynamics under different climatic conditions in space and
... Projected changes in climate components Temperature Warming over land is expected to be greater than global annual warming due to the smaller thermal inertia and less available water for evaporative cooling on land. Thus, climate warming will likely affect inland waters more than oceans (Christensen ...
... Projected changes in climate components Temperature Warming over land is expected to be greater than global annual warming due to the smaller thermal inertia and less available water for evaporative cooling on land. Thus, climate warming will likely affect inland waters more than oceans (Christensen ...
Responses of reference evapotranspiration to changes in
... affected months were May, June, July and August, while the least affected months were November, December and January. KEY WORDS: Evapotranspiration · Climate change · Temperature · Relative humidity · Spain Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher ...
... affected months were May, June, July and August, while the least affected months were November, December and January. KEY WORDS: Evapotranspiration · Climate change · Temperature · Relative humidity · Spain Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher ...
The IPCC`s Fifth Assessment Report
... In all scenarios, carbon dioxide concentrations are higher in 2100 than they are today. The low-emissions scenario (RCP2.6) assumes substantial and sustained reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. The high-emissions scenario (RCP8.5) assumes continued high rates of emissions. The two intermediate s ...
... In all scenarios, carbon dioxide concentrations are higher in 2100 than they are today. The low-emissions scenario (RCP2.6) assumes substantial and sustained reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. The high-emissions scenario (RCP8.5) assumes continued high rates of emissions. The two intermediate s ...
Biodiversity climate change impacts report card technical paper
... Space-for-time studies at different latitudes suggest that warming will likely lead to greater incidence of cyanobacteria in the plankton (Sections 5.1.2, 5.1.4), that the incidence of surface blooms will increase, and that perhaps toxicity will be affected [H,Li]. Such effects have not yet been sys ...
... Space-for-time studies at different latitudes suggest that warming will likely lead to greater incidence of cyanobacteria in the plankton (Sections 5.1.2, 5.1.4), that the incidence of surface blooms will increase, and that perhaps toxicity will be affected [H,Li]. Such effects have not yet been sys ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.